CN108131409A - 一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦及其制备方法,合成闸瓦包括:酚醛树脂8‑12%、丁腈橡胶10‑15%、钢棉纤维15‑20%、纤维素纤维3‑8%、芳纶纤维1‑5%、碳纤维3‑8%、矿物纤维13‑18%、钛酸钾晶须5‑10%、蓝晶石粉3‑8%、硫化锑2‑6%、二硫化钼1‑5%、石油焦炭3‑8%、鳞片石墨6‑12%、硅藻土3‑8%、沉淀硫酸钡10‑15%。本发明的机车用高摩系数合成闸瓦在制动过程中不会出现伤害车轮的金属镶嵌现象,磨损量小,耐低温性能良好,可长期在‑45℃的恶劣情况下使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制动领域,具体涉及一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦及其制备方法。
背景技术
闸瓦是轨道交通车辆制动的关键部件。闸瓦位于车轮的踏面上,当制动时,在一定压力下通过制动缓解装置将闸瓦压向车轮进行摩擦,达到减速或停车的目的。
目前市场上使用的机车闸瓦分为粉末冶金闸瓦和合成闸瓦。合成闸瓦中,按其基本成分,分为树脂基闸瓦和橡胶基闸瓦。按其摩擦系数高低,可分为高摩擦系数合成闸瓦和低摩擦系数合成闸瓦。
目前市场上流通的闸瓦在制动压力高、速度快的时候摩擦系数过低,持续制动时易形成金属镶嵌,严重影响闸瓦和车轮的使用寿命并加大了列车的安全隐患。而粉末冶金闸瓦成本较高,容易伤车轮。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点,本发明提供了一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦及其制备方法,以克服目前市场上闸瓦在高速、高制动压力时制动刹不住车,容易形成金属镶嵌等问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦,按重量份数计包括:酚醛树脂8-12%、丁腈橡胶10-15%、钢棉纤维15-20%、纤维素纤维3-8%、芳纶纤维1-5%、碳纤维3-8%、矿物纤维13-18%、钛酸钾晶须5-10%、蓝晶石粉3-8%、硫化锑2-6%、二硫化钼1-5%、石油焦炭3-8%、鳞片石墨6-12%、硅藻土3-8%、沉淀硫酸钡10-15%。
本发明还提供了一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按配方称好料;
步骤二、将芳纶纤维、碳纤维,纤维素纤维和石油焦炭、鳞片石墨、沉淀硫酸钡进行高速搅拌;
步骤三、先将块状丁腈橡胶在密炼机中密炼成有粘性和流动性的薄块或薄片,然后投入步骤二搅拌好的料和其他料进行密练;
步骤四、将密练好的料投入粉粹机粉粹;
步骤五、将粉粹好的料进行温压压制成闸瓦;
步骤六、将压制好的闸瓦进行热处理及后续处理后即得到机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果是:本发明结合目前使用较多的树脂基配方及热压工艺,提供了一种成本低于粉末冶金机车闸瓦、耐磨性、耐侯性良好的、能承受高的闸瓦压力、高的运行速度的机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦配方及其制备方法。
本发明的机车用高摩系数合成闸瓦,在120km/h时候,单侧紧急制动压力45.60kN,轴重23.7吨,摩擦系数都能达到0.25以上,静摩擦压力34.51kN,摩擦系数在0.35以上,在制动过程中不会出现伤害车轮的金属镶嵌现象。磨耗性能达到AAR M-926标准要求,在1:1制动摩擦磨损性能试验过程,磨损量小,坡道试验的重量磨损在10g以下,后续15次停车制动试验重量磨损在20g以下。耐低温性能良好,可长期在-45℃的恶劣情况下使用。
具体实施方式
一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦:
(1)以重量份数计,该闸瓦包括:酚醛树脂8-12%、丁腈橡胶10-15%、钢棉纤维15-20%、纤维素纤维3-8%、芳纶纤维1-5%、碳纤维3-8%、矿物纤维13-18%、钛酸钾晶须5-10%、蓝晶石粉3-8%、硫化锑2-6%、二硫化钼1-5%、石油焦炭3-8%、鳞片石墨6-12%、硅藻土3-8%、沉淀硫酸钡10-15%;
(2)酚醛树脂为三聚氰胺-腰果壳油改性;
(3)丁腈橡胶丙烯腈含量为28±2%;
(4)纤维素纤维的纤维长度为0.4-0.8mm,水份含量<5%;
(5)芳纶纤维为1414,长度为3mm;
(6)碳纤维比重为1.3-1.5g/cm3,长度为0.3-0.8mm;
(7)矿物纤维渣球含量≤3,长度为300±50μm,烧失量≤8%;
(8)钛酸钾晶须长径比为30-60、长度为10-100μm,纤维直径为0.3-1.0μm,密度为3.2g/cm3;
(9)蓝晶石为200目,氧化铝含量为53-57%;
(10)硫化锑为325目,锑含量为70%;
(11)二硫化钼含量为99.9%,325目。
本发明的合成闸瓦的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按配方称好料后,将芳纶,碳纤维,纤维素纤维和焦炭,石墨,沉淀硫酸钡加入高速混料机(1000转/分钟)搅拌5分钟,备步骤三用;
步骤二、在带有程序控制的密炼机控制面板上设置密炼的时间、压力和转速。先将称量好的块状丁腈橡胶投入密炼机,在转速(25~30)rpm,压力(3~4)MPa,密炼约100s,块状橡胶在密炼机的捏炼过程中因温度慢慢升高而变软,分子链变短,拉伸强度降低,块状橡胶就变成有粘性和流动性的薄块或薄片。
步骤三、在块状丁腈橡胶密练到设定时间后,程序控制打开密炼机的门,再投入步骤一搅拌好的料和其他料进行密练。在转速(25~30)rpm,压力(3~4)MPa,密炼约60s。
步骤四、在步骤三的60s时间到后,调整转速(30~35)rpm,压力(6~8)MPa,快速升温到95℃后,进行步骤五。
步骤五、调整转速(20~25)rpm,开始在密炼机中无压力的情况下进行破碎20s,目的是将混合成大块的胶料打散成小块,便于步骤六的进行,让混合的胶料更均匀。
步骤六、调整转速(5~25)rpm,压力(1~15)MPa,控制胶温不超过105℃,时间360s,密练过程中,根据温度的情况,转速和压力进行自动调节。
步骤七、密练结束后,调整转速(20~25)rpm,开始破碎,破碎与步骤五相同,最后调整转速(20~25)rpm,压力(1~5)MPa进行40s的排料:
步骤八、将密练好的料投入粉粹机粉粹,粉粹的料最大粒度必须小于10mm,整个料温不超过50℃;
步骤九、粉粹好的料进行温压压制,设定压力600kg/cm2,模具温度90℃,直接压制2分钟;
步骤十、压制好的闸瓦进行外观整理后,投入烘箱进行热处理,热处理温度为:100℃恒温1小时,120℃恒温1小时,140℃恒温2小时,160℃恒温2小时,180℃恒温1小时,190℃恒温1小时;
步骤十一、热处理好的闸瓦再进行后续处理便得到所述的闸瓦。
本发明的原理为:
(1)先将芳纶等纤维和石墨等材料高速搅拌,利于后续密练时纤维在整个料中均匀分散,充分地发挥纤维的骨架作用。
(2)压制用90℃温压的方式,既可以提高产量(压制时间是热压的1/8左右),又能提高产品的性能和成品率(冷压很容易出现压不实等情况,冷压产品在后续热处理时膨胀严重)
(3)本闸瓦共经过6次1:1重复实验,坡道磨损都在10克以下,后续15次停车制动试验重量磨损在20克以下,瞬时最高温度451℃;持续最高温度288℃。
Claims (10)
1.一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦,其特征在于:按重量份数计包括:酚醛树脂8-12%、丁腈橡胶10-15%、钢棉纤维15-20%、纤维素纤维3-8%、芳纶纤维1-5%、碳纤维3-8%、矿物纤维13-18%、钛酸钾晶须5-10%、蓝晶石粉3-8%、硫化锑2-6%、二硫化钼1-5%、石油焦炭3-8%、鳞片石墨6-12%、硅藻土3-8%、沉淀硫酸钡10-15%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦,其特征在于:所述酚醛树脂为三聚氰胺-腰果壳油改性。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦,其特征在于:所述丁腈橡胶的丙烯腈含量为28±2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦,其特征在于:所述纤维素纤维的纤维长度为0.4-0.8mm,水份含量<5%;所述芳纶纤维为1414,长度为3mm;所述碳纤维比重为1.3-1.5g/cm3,长度为0.3-0.8mm;所述矿物纤维的渣球含量≤3,长度为300±50μm,烧失量≤8%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦,其特征在于:所述钛酸钾晶须长径比为30-60、长度为10-100μm,纤维直径为0.3-1.0μm,密度为3.2g/cm3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦,其特征在于:所述蓝晶石为200目,氧化铝含量为53-57%;所述硫化锑为325目,锑含量为70%;所述二硫化钼为325目,钼含量为99.9%。
7.一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按配方称好料;
步骤二、将芳纶纤维、碳纤维,纤维素纤维和石油焦炭、鳞片石墨、沉淀硫酸钡进行高速搅拌;
步骤三、先将块状丁腈橡胶在密炼机中密炼成有粘性和流动性的薄块或薄片,然后投入步骤二搅拌好的料和其他料进行密练;
步骤四、将密练好的料投入粉粹机粉粹;
步骤五、将粉粹好的料进行温压压制成闸瓦;
步骤六、将压制好的闸瓦进行热处理及后续处理后即得到机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦的制备方法,其特征在于:对全部村料进行密练的方法为:
(1)对块状丁腈橡胶的密炼:转速为25~30rpm,压力为3~4MPa,密炼100s;
(2)加入步骤一搅拌好的料和其他料后的密炼:转速为25~30rpm,压力为3~4MPa,密炼60s;调整转速为30~35rpm,压力为6~8MPa,升温至95℃;调整转速为20~25rpm,在密炼机中无压力的情况下破碎20s;调整转速为5~25rpm,压力为1~15MPa,控制胶温不超过105℃,密练360s;调整转速为20~25rpm,在密炼机中无压力的情况下破碎20s;调整转速为20~25rpm,压力为1~5MPa进行40s的排料。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦的制备方法,其特征在于:所述温压压制的压力600kg/cm2,模具温度为90℃,压制时间为2分钟。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种机车用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦的制备方法,其特征在于:所述热处理的方法为:100℃恒温1小时,120℃恒温1小时,140℃恒温2小时,160℃恒温2小时,180℃恒温1小时,190℃恒温1小时。
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