CN108128959A - A kind of processing method of urine regenerated water purification - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of urine regenerated water purification Download PDFInfo
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- CN108128959A CN108128959A CN201810008551.0A CN201810008551A CN108128959A CN 108128959 A CN108128959 A CN 108128959A CN 201810008551 A CN201810008551 A CN 201810008551A CN 108128959 A CN108128959 A CN 108128959A
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- urine
- sulfuric acid
- concentrated sulfuric
- water
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- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 43
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 33
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012492 regenerant Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002567 K2S2O8 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004882 Na2S2O8 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 compound salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- HDMGAZBPFLDBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;sulfooxy sulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O HDMGAZBPFLDBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to urine regenerated water processing technology fields, particularly, are related to a kind of processing method of urine regenerated water purification.The processing method of urine regenerated water purification of the present invention, urine is pre-processed for pretreating agent using the composition of persulfate and the concentrated sulfuric acid, and by pretreated urine is evaporated under reduced pressure or air-distillation handle, distillate and crude urine liquid phase ratio, producing water ratio is more than 91.2%, it can remove in urine more than 94.11% salinity and more than 95.6% organic matter simultaneously, the water reuse (treatment processing for urine provides strong technical support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urine reclaimed water treatment, in particular to a treatment method for purifying water in urine.
Background
Water resource is the essential resource for human life, and is one of the most valuable resources granted to human by nature. However, as industrial pollution is increased, the problem of water resource shortage is highlighted. Especially in the environment where the specific water resource is particularly precious, the water resource is lacked or the water consumption cost is very high, the water consumption of people is not economical and is unrealistic only by storing water and frequently and periodically supplying, and the water can be recycled only by utilizing water recovery and water regeneration technologies. How to realize the reuse of potential water resources to the maximum extent becomes a key technology for solving the problem of water resource shortage under specific environmental conditions. Water recovery and water regeneration technologies can greatly save water cost under specific conditions, and the recycling of human urine is the most important and difficult part of the water.
Under normal conditions, the amount of urine discharged by each person every day is 1.5kg, and the urine is detected to contain more than 100 organic matters and inorganic matters, mainly contains urea (about 13-20g/L), sodium chloride (about 13-20g/L) and the like, and the total amount of various pollutants accounts for about 3% -5% of the urine. The water quality of the urine and the water quality requirements of the drinking water are given in table 1 below, and it has been shown in the prior art that the recovered water obtained by purifying the urine can be used for drinking.
TABLE 1 urine quality and Water quality required for Drinking Water
| Quality of urine | Water quality required for drinking water | |
| pH value | 6.05～7.14 | 6.5～8.5 |
| Total organic carbon | 1460～6078ppm | ≤2ppm |
| Soluble Total solids (mg/L) | 3374～14950 | ≤1000 |
| Total number of colonies (CFU/mL) | ＞100 | ≤100 |
| Odor and taste | Has foreign odor and peculiar smell | No foreign odor and peculiar smell |
| Visible to the naked eye | Is provided with | Is free of |
However, no similar technical report is found in China on how to realize the water recovery and reuse of urine. The preliminary treatment scheme that adopts compound salt of hydrogen potassium persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid to purify the urine has been reported abroad, through vapor compression distillation plant, can tentatively realize the processing of urine again, gets rid of most salinity and organic matter wherein. On one hand, however, domestic manufacturers are limited by technology at present and cannot produce stable-quality oxone complex salt; on the other hand, how to better realize the purification treatment of the urine regenerated water after the pretreatment agent is added still needs to be further explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a treatment method for purifying urine reclaimed water, which solves the problem of early treatment of purification of urine reclaimed water.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a treatment method for purifying urine reclaimed water, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a pretreating agent comprising persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid into urine to be treated, and shaking up for later use;
(2) and (3) distilling the urine added with the pretreating agent, and collecting distillate to obtain the urea.
Preferably, the persulfate salt comprises potassium persulfate or sodium persulfate.
Preferably, the pretreatment agent comprises:
0.0010 to 8.0000 weight parts of potassium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
0.0050 to 8.0000 parts by weight of sodium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid;
the relationship between the parts by weight and the parts by volume is in the relationship of g/mL.
More preferably, the pretreatment agent comprises:
0.0050 to 7.5000 parts by weight of potassium persulfate;
1.00-6.00 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
1.0000-8.0000 parts by weight of sodium persulfate;
1.00-6.00 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid.
More preferably, the pretreatment agent comprises:
0.0050 to 7.0000 parts by weight of potassium persulfate;
1.00-4.00 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
6.5000-8.0000 parts of sodium persulfate;
2.00-4.00 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Specifically, the distillation step is reduced pressure distillation, and the pretreatment agent comprises:
0.0010 to 8.0000 weight parts of potassium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
0.0050 to 8.0000 parts by weight of sodium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid.
In the reduced pressure distillation step, the reaction pressure is controlled to be-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 35.5 ℃ to 59.9 ℃.
The reduced pressure distillation step is carried out in a rotary evaporator and controlled at a speed of 5 to 195rpm, preferably 70 to 140rpm, more preferably 75 to 135rpm, most preferably 90 to 120 rpm.
Specifically, the distillation step is atmospheric distillation, and the pretreatment agent comprises:
0.0010 to 8.0000 weight parts of potassium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid.
The content of the potassium persulfate is not less than 99.5 percent;
the content of the sodium persulfate is not less than 99 percent;
the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 95-98%.
The adding ratio of the urine to the pretreating agent is that the urine is added into every 1.000kg of urine:
0.0010-8.0000g of potassium persulfate and 0.10-6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
0.0050-8.0000g of sodium persulfate and 0.10-6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Preferably, the adding ratio of the urine to the pretreating agent is that every 1.000kg of urine is added:
0.0050-7.5000g of potassium persulfate and 1.00-6.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
1.0000-8.0000g of sodium persulfate and 1.00-6.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
The invention also provides a urine regenerated water purification method, which comprises the step of treating urine according to the treatment method.
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerated water utilizes the composition of persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid as a pretreatment agent to pretreat urine, and performs distillation treatment on the pretreated urine. Compared with the original urine, the distillate takes potassium persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid as pretreatment agents, the water yield reaches more than 91.2 percent, and more than 97.2 percent of salt and more than 95.6 percent of organic matters in the urine can be removed; sodium persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid are used as pretreatment agents, the water yield reaches more than 93.38%, and salt content of more than 94.11% and organic matters of more than 98.28% in urine can be removed; meanwhile, experimental data show that salt and organic matters in the urine can be effectively removed no matter the urine is subjected to reduced pressure distillation or normal pressure distillation, and powerful technical support is provided for water regeneration treatment of the urine. Meanwhile, compared with the urine purification treatment method in the prior art, the domestic raw material serving as the pretreating agent is stable in property, low in price and easy to obtain, and the removal efficiency of salt and organic matters is not poor, so that powerful technical support is provided for the water regeneration treatment of urine.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the above objects, features and advantages more apparent and understandable.
The potassium persulfate and the concentrated sulfuric acid used in the following embodiments of the invention are analytical pure chemical reagents sold in domestic markets, and the specific properties are as follows:
potassium persulfate: molecular formula K2S2O8(Tianjin Fuchen chemical reagent factory),Molecular weight 270.32, wherein K2S2O8The content is not less than 99.5%;
sodium persulfate: molecular formula Na2S2O8(Shandong-Xia chemical Co., Ltd.), molecular weight 238.11, wherein Na2S2O8The content is not less than 99 percent;
concentrated sulfuric acid: molecular formula H2SO4(Beijing chemical plant), molecular weight 98.08, content H therein2SO4Not less than 95-98%.
The apparatus involved in the following examples and experimental examples comprises:
conductivity meter: DDS-11ATType, Shanghai Lei magnetic creative Instrument, Inc.;
a pH meter: PHS-3B, Shanghai precision scientific instruments, Inc.;
a handheld refractometer: model VSA2, manufactured by proficiency instruments of beijing ke;
elementar total organic carbon tester: VarioTOC, german element company;
rotating the evaporator: RE-3000 type, Shanghai Yarong Biochemical apparatus factory;
circulating water vacuum pump: SHZ-III, Shanghai Yangrong Biochemical apparatus factory;
a temperature-adjusting electric furnace: the maximum power is 1000W, produced by Tianjin Tester instruments, Inc.;
a glass distiller: beijing chemical company.
Example 1
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 59 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 27rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 2
In order to verify the treatment effect of the treatment method on the urine of different sampling personnel, fresh urine of another adult is randomly selected as a treatment object, the fresh urine is uniformly shaken and weighed to be 1.000kg of urine to be put into a distillation flask, 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid are added to be uniformly mixed, then the distillation flask is arranged on a rotary evaporator, the water bath temperature is set to be 59 ℃, the rotating speed is set to be 27rpm, reduced pressure distillation is carried out at-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa, and distillate is collected, so that the urine is obtained.
Example 3
In order to verify the treatment effect of the treatment method on the urine of different sampling personnel, fresh urine of a third adult is randomly selected as a treatment object in the embodiment, the fresh urine is uniformly shaken and weighed to be 1.000kg of urine in a distillation flask, 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid are added and uniformly mixed, then the distillation flask is arranged on a rotary evaporator, the water bath temperature is set to be 59 ℃, the rotating speed is set to be 27rpm, reduced pressure distillation is carried out at-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and distillate is collected, so that the urine is obtained.
Example 4
Randomly taking adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine in a distillation flask, adding 5.0000g of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 59 ℃, setting the rotating speed to be 27rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine-containing substance.
Example 5
In order to verify the treatment effect of the treatment method on the urine of different sampling personnel, fresh urine of another adult is randomly selected as a treatment object, the fresh urine is uniformly shaken and weighed to be 1.000kg of urine to be put into a distillation flask, 5.0000g of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid are added to be uniformly mixed, then the distillation flask is arranged on a rotary evaporator, the water bath temperature is set to be 59 ℃, the rotation speed is set to be 27rpm, reduced pressure distillation is carried out at-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and distillate is collected, so that the urine is obtained.
Example 6
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine in a distillation flask, adding 0.5000g of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 59 ℃, setting the rotating speed to be 27rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 7
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine in a distillation flask, adding 8.0000g of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, then placing the obtained urine in a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 59 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 27rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 8
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0000g of sodium persulfate and 4.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 59 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 140rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 9
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0000g of sodium persulfate and 3.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 39 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 50rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 10
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to 59 ℃, setting the rotation speed to 90rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 11
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 8.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 56 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 100rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 12
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 7.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 39 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 50rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 13
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 6.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 55 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 80rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 14
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 39 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 27rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 15
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, placing the distillation flask on an electric furnace, connecting an all-glass distiller, distilling at normal pressure, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine-collecting device.
Example 16
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 6.32mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then placing the distillation flask on an electric furnace, connecting an all-glass distiller, distilling at normal pressure, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine-collecting device.
Example 17
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking uniformly, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 5.99mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, then placing the distillation flask on an electric furnace, connecting an all-glass distiller, distilling at normal pressure, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine-collecting device.
Example 18
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.76mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, placing the distillation flask on an electric furnace, connecting an all-glass distiller, distilling at normal pressure, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine-collecting device.
Example 19
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine on a balance, sequentially adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 4.16mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, pretreating the urine, placing the distillation flask on an electric furnace, connecting an all-glass distiller, distilling at normal pressure, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine-collecting device.
Example 20
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine in a distillation flask, adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 45 ℃, setting the rotation speed to be 30rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 21
Randomly taking fresh adult urine as a treatment sample, shaking up, weighing 1.000kg of urine in a distillation flask, adding 5.0000g of potassium persulfate and 6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing uniformly, then installing the distillation flask on a rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature to be 55 ℃, setting the rotating speed to be 27rpm, carrying out reduced pressure distillation under the pressure of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate to obtain the urine.
Example 22
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of the treatment method of the embodiment 1, and only differs from the treatment method that the pretreatment agent comprises: 5.0000g of potassium persulfate and 0.10mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 23
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of the treatment method of the embodiment 1, and only differs from the treatment method that the pretreatment agent comprises: 1.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 24
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of the treatment method of the embodiment 1, and only differs from the treatment method that the pretreatment agent comprises: 4.3000g of potassium persulfate and 3.20mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 25
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 4.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 26
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 3.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 27
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 2.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 28
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 5.0000g of sodium persulfate and 1.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 29
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 5.0000g of sodium persulfate and 5.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 30
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 5.0000g of sodium persulfate and 0.10mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 31
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 8.0000g of sodium persulfate and 6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 32
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 1.0000g of sodium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 33
The treatment process of the purification treatment method of the urine regenerant water is the same as that of the example 8, and the difference is only that the pretreatment agent comprises: 6.5000g of sodium persulfate and 6.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 34
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of example 15, and only differs from the method in that the pretreatment agent comprises the following components: 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 35
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of example 15, and only differs from the method in that the pretreatment agent comprises the following components: 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 4.60mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 36
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of example 15, and only differs from the method in that the pretreatment agent comprises the following components: 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 3.10mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 37
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of example 15, and only differs from the method in that the pretreatment agent comprises the following components: 1.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Example 38
The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water has the same treatment process as that of example 15, and only differs from the method in that the pretreatment agent comprises the following components: 4.3000g of potassium persulfate and 3.20mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Comparative examples 1 to 7
Comparative examples 1 to 7 the method for treating urine reuse water, comprising the steps of pretreating urine with 5.0000g of potassium hydrogen persulfate complex salt and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid as pretreatment agents, i.e., adding 5.0000g of potassium hydrogen persulfate complex salt and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to 1.000kg of urine, and then, placing the urine in a rotary evaporator, setting the temperature of a water bath to 39 to 60 ℃ (comparative examples 1 to 6 are 59 ℃ and comparative example 7 is 40 ℃) and setting the rotation speed to 27rpm, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation at-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, and collecting distillate. Seven experiments were performed in parallel on urine from different samplers and the average was calculated.
Comparative examples 8 to 12
The method for treating the urine regenerant water according to comparative examples 8 to 12 is to treat the urine by using an all-glass distiller in a normal pressure distillation mode, and no pretreatment agent is added before distillation.
Comparative examples 13 to 17
The method for treating the urine regenerant water comprises the step of pretreating urine by using 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid as pretreatment agents, namely, adding 5.0mg of potassium persulfate and 2.30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into 1.000kg of urine to regenerate and pretreat the urine, and shaking up the urine to obtain the urine regenerant water.
Examples of the experiments
The urine was shaken up and its conductivity, pH, salt content and TOC were determined as in examples 1 to 19 and comparative examples 1 to 17, respectively.
The protocols in comparative examples 13-17 directly measure conductivity, pH, salt content and TOC of the shaken urine treatment.
Examples 15-19 and comparative examples 8-12 were conducted by atmospheric distillation using an all-glass distiller made of hard chemical glass. The glass distiller can be connected by grinding, namely pressure distillation, the distillation speed is low, the distillate collecting bottle is connected with the lower opening of the condensing tube in a non-grinding way, and a gap is reserved, namely atmospheric distillation.
The protocols of examples 1-14 and comparative examples 1-7 were distilled under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator. Adding a proper amount of distilled water into a Teflon composite boiler of a rotary evaporator, pressing a power switch and a heating switch of the rotary evaporator, setting the water bath temperature according to the temperature in examples 1-14 and comparative examples 1-7, and covering a water bath protective cover. The cleaned and air dried serpentine glass condenser was inspected and the glass valve was closed to isolate the condenser from the atmosphere.
A3L scale distillation flask and a distillate collection flask, each designated G, were cleaned and air dried1And G2Adding 1.000kg of urine into a distillation flask, and weighing with balance and marking as G3The pretreater (comparative examples 8-12 were not added) was then added to the retort as in each of examples 1-14 and comparative examples 1-7, and the weight was recorded as G4。
After the solution in the distillation flask is shaken up, the flange connector is positioned at a proper height by adjusting the electric lifting button, the distillation flask is connected with the flange connector, then the distillation flask is fixed by the flask withdrawing device, so that the distillation flask is firmly connected with the flange connector and rotates stably, and the distillation flask is immersed in the water bath as much as possible by adjusting the lifting button.
The rotation speed setting knob was adjusted to the set values of examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 7. And starting a tap water switch to circulate cooling water in the condenser. According to the pressure control values set in the embodiments and the comparative examples, the distillation flask is heated while rotating, the solution in the flask is evaporated and diffused, condensed and dripped into the distillate collecting flask through the serpentine condenser tube, and when the expected water yield (more than or equal to 90 percent) is reached, the rotating speed setting knob is adjusted to enable the rotating speed to be displayed as 0. Opening glass switch of condenser to communicate condenser with atmosphere, closing circulating water vacuum pump, taking off water bath pot protective cover, adjusting lifting button to lift distillation flask, removing bottle withdrawing device, unscrewing distillation flask, wiping outer wall of distillation flask with dry cloth, weighing on balance, and recording as G5。
Adjusting a screw on a stainless steel bottle mouth clamp on the distillate collecting bottle, taking down the bottle mouth clamp, screwing down the collecting bottle, paying attention to a little distillate still dropping in a condenser, paying attention to the distillate and collecting the distillate into the collecting bottle, weighing on a balance and recording as G6。
And calculating the water yield W (%), and if the water yield requirement is not met, continuing heating and distilling (as the above operation) until the lowest water yield is reached. The distillate was shaken and sampled to determine conductivity, pH, salt content and TOC.
Calculating a formula according to the water yield: w (%) ═ G6-G2)/(G3-G1) And calculating the water yield W (%).
Shaking up the distillate, sampling to determine its conductivity, pH value, salt content and TOC, observing with a hand-held refractometer, roughly estimating salt content, calculating its salt content removal rate by conductivity change, calculating its total organic carbon removal rate by TOC change, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 effect of urine treatment by adding different pretreatment agents and atmospheric and vacuum distillation
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water according to the present invention uses a composition of persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid as a pretreatment agent to pretreat urine, and performs a distillation treatment on the pretreated urine. The method can effectively remove salt and organic matters in urine by adopting a reduced pressure distillation method or an atmospheric distillation method. Compared with the original urine, the distillate takes potassium persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid as pretreatment agents, the water yield reaches more than 91.2 percent, and more than 97.2 percent of salt and more than 95.6 percent of organic matters in the urine can be removed; sodium persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid are used as pretreatment agents, the water yield reaches over 93.38 percent, salt with the content of over 94.11 percent and organic matters with the content of over 98.28 percent in urine can be removed, and powerful technical support is provided for the water regeneration treatment of the urine.
The above embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained by applying specific embodiments, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A treatment method for purifying urine reclaimed water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a pretreatment agent comprising persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid into urine to be treated, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) distilling the obtained urine, and collecting distillate.
2. The process for purification of urine regenerant water according to claim 1, wherein the persulfate comprises potassium persulfate or sodium persulfate.
3. The process for purification of urine regenerant water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pretreating agent comprises:
0.0010 to 8.0000 weight parts of potassium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
0.0050 to 8.0000 parts by weight of sodium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid;
the relationship between the parts by weight and the parts by volume is in the relationship of g/mL.
4. A process for purification of water regenerated from urine according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said distillation step is distillation under reduced pressure, said pretreatment agent comprising:
0.0010 to 8.0000 weight parts of potassium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
0.0050 to 8.0000 parts by weight of sodium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid.
5. The method for purifying urine regenerant water according to claim 4, wherein in the step of reduced pressure distillation, the reaction pressure is controlled to be-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 35.5 ℃ to 59.9 ℃.
6. The treatment method for purifying the urine regenerant water according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the reduced pressure distillation step is performed in a rotary evaporator, and the rotating speed of the reduced pressure distillation step is controlled to be 5-195 rpm.
7. A process for purification of water regenerated from urine according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said distillation step is atmospheric distillation and said pre-treatment agent comprises:
0.0010 to 8.0000 weight parts of potassium persulfate;
0.10-6.90 parts by volume of concentrated sulfuric acid.
8. The process for purification of urine regenerant water according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the urine and the pretreatment agent are added in a ratio of, per 1.000kg of urine:
0.0010-8.0000g of potassium persulfate and 0.10-6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
0.0050-8.0000g of sodium persulfate and 0.10-6.90mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
9. The method for purifying urine regenerant water according to claim 8, wherein the urine and the pretreating agent are added at a ratio of 1.000kg of urine:
0.0050-7.5000g of potassium persulfate and 1.00-6.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid; or,
1.0000-8.0000g of sodium persulfate and 1.00-6.00mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.
10. A method for purifying urine regenerant water, comprising the step of treating urine according to the treatment method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN108002631A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-05-08 | 北京师范大学 | Urine is regenerated as being electrolysed the composite absorption filtering method and apparatus of oxygen water processed |
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| CN104803564B (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2017-03-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of enzyme catalysiss urine waste water apparatus for continuous treatment |
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| CN108002631A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-05-08 | 北京师范大学 | Urine is regenerated as being electrolysed the composite absorption filtering method and apparatus of oxygen water processed |
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