CN108123638A - 一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器 - Google Patents

一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器 Download PDF

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CN108123638A
CN108123638A CN201611073515.XA CN201611073515A CN108123638A CN 108123638 A CN108123638 A CN 108123638A CN 201611073515 A CN201611073515 A CN 201611073515A CN 108123638 A CN108123638 A CN 108123638A
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赵吉彬
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，该逆变器的拓扑结构是由三个开关器件组成的反激式单级单相升压降压逆变器。通过比较断续导电模式（DCM）和连续导电模式（CCM）的区别，推导给出了DCM 下的交流小信号模型，并提出闭环 SPWM 调制策略。该逆变器能够满足宽输入电压范围下的独立负载运行和并网发电运行，能够实现直流电压大范围下的独立负载运行和并网运行，适用于宽输入范围的光伏发电及风力发电等小型分布式发电领域。并且还具有器件最少、开关损耗小、控制简单和效率高等优点。

Description

一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器
技术领域
本发明属于逆变器控制领域，尤其涉及一种采用闭环SPWM调制策略的新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器。
背景技术
近年来，随着可再生能源利用技术的飞速发展，以光伏发电、风力发电等新能源为代表的分布式发电系统发展迅猛，分布式并网发电作为大型并网发电的补充，已经成为一种越来越重要的发电模式，并得到了日益广泛的应用。分布式发电机的输入源一般来说变化范围较大，这就造成了分布式发电机电压的大幅度波动。小型分布式发电机大多通过逆变器与电网联接，这就要求逆变器具有较宽的输入电压工作范围。例如，对于220V/50Hz的单相电网来说，变速风力发电机逆变器的输入电压可能在50~600V之间变化。能够满足这种宽电压范围的升压降压逆变器对于提高小型分布式发电机的能量输出是至关重要的。
传统的升压降压逆变器一般是在逆变器前增加一个升压型DC/DC以构成2级功率变换结构，或者利用隔离型DC/DC变换器控制逆变桥直流侧电流，以有效控制逆变桥与电网的交换功率。这种2级逆变器结构虽然能够满足分布式发电机的要求，但是却有开关器件多、结构复杂、效率低、造价高等缺点。为此，研究人员在不断地寻找简单而高效的单级逆变器拓扑。Nagao和Karada提出了一种由6个开关器件组成的单级升压降压逆变器，该逆变器采用变压器实现升压功能，并用交流开关来控制流向电网的电流方向。但是该逆变器所用开关器件较多，且输入电压范围还受到变压器变比的限制。还有学者提出了由4个开关器件组成的单级升压降压逆变器和一些先进的控制方式。但是这些逆变器或者采用了反激式工作原理，或者采用双斩波器原理，都是利用电感中的储能向电网供电，根据电感电流的大小调整输出功率，从而达到升压和降压的目的。这些逆变器的开关器件少，输出电压的工作范围也较宽。但是它们还是分别存在着2个直流电源、输出电压有共模分量、不适合于并网运行、输出电压可能出现不对称等缺点。
发明内容
本发明就是针对上述问题，设计了一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，该逆变器的拓扑结构是由三个开关器件组成的反激式单级单相升压降压逆变器。通过比较断续导电模式（DCM）和连续导电模式（CCM）的区别，推导给出了DCM下的交流小信号模型，并提出闭环SPWM调制策略。
本发明采用的技术方案是，一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，包括反激变压器、DCM小信号模型、闭环SPWM调制策略。
所述的反激变压器，原边和副边的绕组电感分别为储能元件L1和L2，为了实现输出电流正负半周期的波形对称，一般设计要求L1=L2=L。
所述的DCM小信号模型，一般采用平均电路构建逆变器小信号模型。该模型利用独立电压源和电流源代替开关网络，与实际的平均开关波形相同。用电压源代替充电场效应管和二极管，用电流源代替放电场效应管和二极管。
所述的闭环SPWM调制策略，可以对输出电流的瞬时值进行调节，并控制占空比，使输出电流尽可能准确、迅速地跟踪正弦参考电流。其中直流电压的波动和电网电压的变化作为干扰量。
本发明的有益效果是，该新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，能够满足宽输入电压范围下的独立负载运行和并网发电运行，能够实现直流电压大范围下的独立负载运行和并网运行，适用于宽输入范围的光伏发电及风力发电等小型分布式发电领域。并且还具有器件最少、开关损耗小、控制简单和效率高等优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。本发明保护范围不仅局限于以下内容的表述。
图1是本发明电路原理框图。
图2是闭环SPWM控制框图。
具体实施方式
如图所示，本发明的新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，包括反激变压器、DCM小信号模型、闭环SPWM调制策略。
所述的反激变压器，原边和副边的绕组电感分别为储能元件L1和L2，为了实现输出电流正负半周期的波形对称，一般设计要求L1=L2=L。该电路由1个充电回路（D3、T3和L1）和2个放电回路构成。在电网电压正半周期（positivehalf-cycle,PHC）时，放电回路为D2、T2、L2和储能电容C；在电网电压为负半周期（negativehalf-cycle,NHC）时，放电回路为D1、T1、L1和C构成。
所述的DCM小信号模型，一般采用平均电路构建逆变器小信号模型。该模型利用独立电压源和电流源代替开关网络，与实际的平均开关波形相同。用电压源代替充电场效应管和二极管，用电流源代替放电场效应管和二极管。包括平均开关电压和平均开关电流两个方程，其中平均开关电压是直流电压、电容电压、占空比和电感电流的非线性方程。平均开关电流是电感电流、直流电压和占空比的非线性方程。
所述的闭环SPWM调制策略，可以对输出电流的瞬时值进行调节，并控制占空比，使输出电流尽可能准确、迅速地跟踪正弦参考电流。其中直流电压的波动和电网电压的变化作为干扰量。通过闭环SPWM控制框图可以推导出闭环SPWM控制系统的传递函数，利用bode图或根轨迹的设计方法，确定系统的幅频和相频特性，或根轨迹穿过的系统设计的稳定区域，即可倒推计算出相应的PI或PID参数。
以上关于本发明的具体描述，没有局限性，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，以达到相同的技术效果；只要满足使用需要，都在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，包括反激变压器、DCM小信号模型、闭环 SPWM调制策略，其特征在于该逆变器的拓扑结构是由三个开关器件组成的反激式单级单相升压降压逆变器；通过比较断续导电模式（DCM）和连续导电模式（CCM）的区别，推导给出了DCM下的交流小信号模型，并提出闭环 SPWM 调制策略。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，其特征在于，所述的反激变压器，原边和副边的绕组电感分别为储能元件 L1和L2，为了实现输出电流正负半周期的波形对称，一般设计要求L1 =L2=L。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，其特征在于，所述的DCM小信号模型，一般采用平均电路构建逆变器小信号模型；该模型利用独立电压源和电流源代替开关网络，与实际的平均开关波形相同；用电压源代替充电场效应管和二极管，用电流源代替放电场效应管和二极管。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器，其特征在于，所述的闭环SPWM 调制策略，可以对输出电流的瞬时值进行调节，并控制占空比，使输出电流尽可能准确、迅速地跟踪正弦参考电流；其中直流电压的波动和电网电压的变化作为干扰量。
CN201611073515.XA 2016-11-29 2016-11-29 一种新型三开关单级升压降压逆变器 Pending CN108123638A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112019081A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2020-12-01 苏州捷芯威半导体有限公司 半导体功率开关器件集成电路及其控制方法、控制电路

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112019081A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2020-12-01 苏州捷芯威半导体有限公司 半导体功率开关器件集成电路及其控制方法、控制电路

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