WO2019075955A1 - 基于ipos直流升压的光伏汇集接入系统协调控制方法 - Google Patents

基于ipos直流升压的光伏汇集接入系统协调控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2019075955A1
WO2019075955A1 PCT/CN2018/074326 CN2018074326W WO2019075955A1 WO 2019075955 A1 WO2019075955 A1 WO 2019075955A1 CN 2018074326 W CN2018074326 W CN 2018074326W WO 2019075955 A1 WO2019075955 A1 WO 2019075955A1
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voltage
power
photovoltaic
module
maximum power
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车延博
周金环
李文勋
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Tianjin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation and grid connection, in particular to coordinated control of a photovoltaic system including a DC boost module of an input parallel output series (IPOS) structure.
  • IPOS input parallel output series
  • photovoltaic power generation is widely used. Since photovoltaic power plants are generally far away from the load center, the large-scale power collection and delivery capability has become a key issue affecting photovoltaic development.
  • the traditional AC transmission has a short transmission distance and a weak transmission capacity.
  • the capacitive reactance and inductance of the AC collection system are extremely large, and the harmonic resonance and reactive power transmission problems of the AC access system are very prominent.
  • the flexible DC transmission system has no transmission reactance, and can realize independent control of active and reactive power, and has various control forms and high modularity. Therefore, the flexible direct current transmission system can be used to collect and send electricity to multiple photovoltaic power stations, effectively solving the constraints of the AC collection on large-scale photovoltaic power plants.
  • the photovoltaic DC boost collection access system is a general term for DC boost, aggregation and access grid-connected systems between photovoltaic power generation units and grid connection points. It mainly draws on the related technology of HVDC transmission system, and uses the DC boost module to increase the low-voltage DC output of the PV array to the medium and high voltage DC voltage, and then uses the modular multi-level (MMC) to connect to the receiving end grid.
  • MMC modular multi-level
  • IPOS input parallel output series
  • the DC bus voltage must be controlled during DC/DC-MMC transmission.
  • the MMC uses constant DC bus voltage control.
  • the MMC needs to switch to the fixed active power mode. At this time, the DC bus voltage fluctuates.
  • the DC/DC converter and the MMC device isolate the photovoltaic and receiver systems, and the PV power plant cannot respond in time, and the photovoltaics still operate at the maximum power state. The system generates power imbalance, which seriously affects the stable operation of the power system.
  • the present invention is directed to a structure of a photovoltaic DC boost collection access system, and proposes a communication-free control strategy that can realize DC voltage equalization and current sharing, and realize coordinated operation of the system, so that the photovoltaic system operates safely and reliably.
  • the present invention provides a communication-free control strategy that can realize the DC voltage equalization and current sharing of the DC module, and realize the coordinated operation of the system, so that the photovoltaic system operates safely and reliably.
  • a coordinated control method for photovoltaic collection access system based on IPOS DC boosting which is used for photovoltaic grid-connected system including DC boost module and modular multi-level MMC; wherein DC boost module adopts full bridge isolated DC/DC
  • the sub-module inputs the structure of the parallel output in series.
  • the DC boost module adopts the voltage outer loop and the separate current inner loop adjustment inside the submodule to collect the input voltage of the DC boost module and make a difference with the maximum power point voltage command value, and form a voltage through the PI regulator.
  • the outer ring provides a command value of the input current; the input currents of the different sub-modules are collected and compared with the input current command values, respectively, and the PI current regulator constitutes an independent current inner loop, so that each input current follows the corresponding command value;
  • MMC adopts constant DC bus voltage with reactive power control mode to stabilize DC bus voltage
  • the MMC switches to a control mode that has a fixed power and a reactive power
  • the DC boost module controller collects the DC bus voltage and makes a difference with the command value. When the difference exceeds a certain range, the disable signal is sent to the maximum power controller, and the voltage outer loop controller of the maximum power tracking is disabled;
  • the control strategy proposed by the invention is directed to a photovoltaic system with a DC boost module, and the control strategy is stable and reliable, and the stability of the system can be improved.
  • the DC boost series sub-module can realize the output voltage equalization function, and the photovoltaic system realizes coordinated and stable operation. Therefore, the control strategy proposed by the present invention is very suitable for application in a photovoltaic DC boost system.
  • the system of the invention is a photovoltaic DC boosting access system, and the DC boosting module converts the photovoltaic array output voltage into a high voltage level required for flexible direct current transmission, and all photovoltaic power generation is collected on the high voltage side through the modular multilevel converter.
  • the inverter boost is 35kV to the grid.
  • the DC boost module uses multiple converter modules to input parallel output series (IPOS) to achieve output voltage boost, as shown in Figure 2, each converter module is Boost full bridge isolation (BFBIC ) Topology.
  • L boost is the boost inductor
  • the switch tubes S 1 ⁇ S 4 together form the full bridge circuit
  • L r is the equivalent leakage inductance of the transformer
  • the rectifier diodes D 1 ⁇ D 4 form the high frequency full bridge rectifier circuit
  • C o is the output filter capacitor
  • S c and C c form an active clamp circuit to implement zero voltage switching of S 1 to S 4 .
  • the IPOS connection structure is adopted, but the structural parameters are different, so it is considered uniformly when designing the control system.
  • the DC control module uses MPPT and double closed loop to realize the maximum power point tracking and boosting function of the photovoltaic system.
  • the MMC adopts constant DC voltage and reactive power control to achieve aggregation. network.
  • an additional output voltage closed loop is introduced in the DC control module to form a proportional adjustment control, as shown in the dotted line flow diagram of FIG.
  • the dead zone module is used to disable the proportional adjustment under normal operating conditions.
  • the original base control flow diagram (solid line flow diagram) of the DC/DC is disabled, and the DC bus is controlled by the DC/DC, and the photovoltaic power supply automatically drops, deviating from the maximum power point.
  • the MMC module and the grid load end do not need to transmit a limited power signal to the DC boost module, and the DC boost module can realize the operation mode determination and the control mode switching function by monitoring the DC bus voltage.
  • the DC boost module is connected in parallel by the BFBIC input and parallel connection. To ensure the safety and stability of the system, it is necessary to consider the input current sharing current of the BFBIC and the output voltage equalization problem.
  • the DC module control diagram is shown in Figure 4.
  • the invention is improved on the traditional double closed-loop control strategy, and adopts a unified voltage outer loop and a separate current inner loop adjustment mode of the module, so that the input current of each module follows the same command value to achieve current sharing.
  • the output voltage equalization compensation strategy is introduced, and the output voltage of the BFBIC is compared with the average voltage of the module to form a feedback signal, which acts on the inner loop of the current to adjust the output voltage value.
  • the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell is 1MW, the maximum power point voltage is 0.82kV; the rated DC converter is rated at 1MW, the transformer ratio is 3.3, and the high-voltage side rated power is 3kV.
  • the input is connected by 30 BFBIC sub-modules in parallel, and the output is connected in series. composition.
  • the DC bus voltage is ⁇ 30Kv; the AC grid is rated at 35kV.
  • Figure 5 is a waveform showing changes in photovoltaic parameters and maximum power point changes.
  • the photovoltaic ambient temperature is 25 ° C
  • the solar radiation intensity is 1000 W/m 2 , at which time the maximum power is about 1 MW.
  • the photovoltaic ambient temperature is adjusted to 40 °C.
  • the photovoltaic output power decreases, the maximum power point voltage decreases, and the photovoltaic cell output voltage can well follow the command value.
  • the AC receiving power is slightly less than the photovoltaic power.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are waveforms when the voltage equalization and current sharing control modes are verified. Collect instantaneous values of input current and output voltage of different BFBIFC modules. Figure 6 shows that the input currents of the modules are approximately the same; Figure 7 shows that the bus voltage is stable at 60kV and the output voltages of the modules are approximately the same. Control strategy better achieves module equalization and current sharing
  • Figure 8 is a power waveform diagram of the coordinated operation of the system.
  • the AC terminal works in the limited power mode, the active power value is 0.75MW, and the DC bus voltage fluctuates.
  • the dotted flow diagram shown in Figure 2 is enabled, DC/DC controls the DC bus voltage, and the PV array is not operating at the maximum power point.
  • the active power of the AC terminal is 1MW, and the photovoltaic cell runs at full power. Switch the MMC mode of operation in 12s, so that it works in the DC bus voltage state, the photovoltaic cell works at the maximum power point, and the output power is 1MW.
  • control strategy proposed by the present invention can be applied to a photovoltaic DC boost aggregation access system.
  • the system can coordinate the operation while realizing the internal voltage equalization, current sharing and photovoltaic maximum power tracking functions of the DC module.
  • the DC boost module can enable the coordination strategy to stabilize the DC voltage and achieve coordinated operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于IPOS直流升压的光伏汇集接入系统协调控制方法，用于包括直流升压模块和模块化多电平MMC的光伏并网系统；其中，直流升压模块采用全桥隔离DC/DC子模块输入并联输出串联的结构，当受端电网需要光伏电站输出最大功率时系统工作在最大功率控制模式，当受端电网无法完全消耗光伏电站发出的功率时，系统工作在功率限定模式。

Description

基于IPOS直流升压的光伏汇集接入系统协调控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电并网领域，尤其涉及对包括输入并联输出串联(IPOS)结构的直流升压模块的光伏系统进行协调控制。
背景技术
作为一种清洁、高效、可再生能源，光伏发电得到广泛应用。由于光伏电站一般距离负荷中心较远，大规模电能的汇集外送能力成为影响光伏开发的关键问题。但是传统交流输电的输送距离短，输电能力弱，交流汇集系统的容抗、感抗极大，交流接入系统的谐波谐振、无功传输问题非常突出。柔性直流输电系统没有输电电抗，可以实现有功和无功独立控制，控制形式多样，模块化程度高。所以可以采用柔性直流输电系统对多个光伏电站集电送出，有效解决交流汇集对大规模光伏电站的制约。
光伏直流升压汇集接入系统是光伏发电单元与电网连接点之间直流升压、汇集和接入并网系统的总称。其主要借鉴直流输电系统相关技术，将光伏阵列输出的低压直流电利用直流升压模块升到中、高压直流电压，再利用模块化多电平(MMC)汇集接入受端电网。为了解决直流输电中高压问题，采用多模块输入并联输出串联(IPOS)组合式拓扑结构。在实现光伏最大功率追踪的前提下必须确保系统中各个模块的均压、均流。MMC有定直流母线电压和定有功功率两种控制方式。对于光伏直流升压汇集系统，在经DC/DC-MMC进行输电过程中必须对直流母线电压进行控制。当光伏系统运行在最大功率追踪模式时，MMC采用定直流母线电压控制。当受端系统产生功率波动，MMC需要切换到定有功功率方式。此时，直流母线电压产生波动。DC/DC变换器和MMC装置隔离了光伏和受端系统，光伏电站无法及时做出反应，光伏仍工作在最大功率状态。系统产生功率不平衡现象，严重影响电力系统稳定运行。
因此，为了解决上述问题，本发明针对光伏直流升压汇集接入系统结构，提出了可以实现直流模块均压、均流，实现系统协调运行的无通信控制策略，使得光伏系统安全可靠运行。
发明内容
针对光伏直流升压汇集接入系统的IPOS结构，本发明提供一种可以实现直流模块均压、均流，实现系统协调运行的无通信控制策略，使得光伏系统安全可靠运行。
一种基于IPOS直流升压的光伏汇集接入系统协调控制方法，用于包括直流升压模块和模块化多电平MMC的光伏并网系统；其中，直流升压模块采用全桥隔离DC/DC子模块输入并联输出串联的结构，当受端电网需要光伏电站输出最大功率时系统工作在最大功率控制模式，当受端电网无法完全消耗光伏电站发出的功率时，系统工作在功率限定模式，对应的控制策略分别为：
A.最大功率追踪控制模式
(1)利用电导增量法计算光伏最大功率点电压值作为直流升压模块输入电压的指令值；
(2)直流升压模块采用电压外环和子模块内部单独的电流内环调节的方式，采集直流升压模 块的输入电压并将其与最大功率点电压指令值做差，经PI调节器构成电压外环，提供输入电流的指令值；采集不同子模块的输入电流并分别与输入电流指令值比较，经PI调节器构成独立的电流内环，使各个输入电流跟随相应的指令值；
(3)引入子模块输出电压均压补偿策略，采集各个子模块的输出电压与子模块的平均输出电压做差，经比例调节器形成反馈信号，作用于电流内环，调节子模块的输出电压值；
(4)MMC采用定直流母线电压配合无功功率控制方式，稳定直流母线电压；
B.受端电网功率限定模式
(1)MMC切换到定有功功率和无功功率的控制模式；
(2)直流升压模块控制器采集直流母线电压，与指令值做差，差值超出一定范围时，向最大功率控制器发送禁用信号，最大功率追踪的电压外环控制器被禁用；
(3)采集直流母线电压瞬时值与指令值比较，经比例调节器构成直流母线电压闭环，提供子模块电流控制器的指令值；
(4)子模块内部的电流内环控制器和均压补偿控制不变化，与最大功率追踪模式相同。
本发明所提出的控制策略针对具有直流升压模块的光伏系统，控制策略稳定可靠，可以提高系统的稳定性。直流升压串联子模块可以实现输出电压均衡功能，光伏系统实现协调稳定运行。因此，本发明所提出的控制策略非常适合应用于光伏直流升压系统中。
附图说明
图1直流升压模块拓扑原理图
图2系统协调控制图
图3BFBIC小信号模型
图4直流升压模块控制
图5最大功率点追踪波形图
图6BFBIC模块输入电流波形图
图7直流升压模块输出电压波形图
图8系统输出功率波形
具体实施方式
(1)拓扑结构
本发明的系统为光伏直流升压惠及接入系统，直流升压模块将光伏阵列输出电压变换为柔性直流输电所需高电压等级，所有光伏发电在高压侧汇集，经过模块化多电平变换器逆变升压为35kV接入电网。为了实现对直流输电电压等级的适应，直流升压模块采用多个变流模块输入并联输出串联(IPOS)实现输出电压提升，如图2所示，每个变流模块为Boost全桥隔离(BFBIC)拓扑。L boost为升压电感，开关管S 1～S 4共同组成全桥电路，L r为变压器等效漏感，整流二极管D 1～D 4组成高频全桥整流电路，C o为输出滤波电容，S c和C c构成有源钳位电路实现S 1～S 4的零电压开关。对于分散型和集中型 直流升压模块，均采用IPOS连接结构，只是结构参数不同，因此在设计控制系统时统一考虑。
(2)主要模型
为了设计控制器参数，分析系统稳定性，建立单个BFBIC模块的小信号模型，如图3所示。图2电路的拓扑和R、L、C不变，开关元件用受控源代替，KCL，KVL和各元件伏安关系都用其平均值形式，各支路的电流，电压变量也是其平均值。大写的V、I、D分别表示稳态的电压、电流、占空比；小写的v、i、d分别表示瞬态的电压、电流、占空比；字母上有“∧”的表示小信号扰动。得到时域低频小信号电路模型。
Figure PCTCN2018074326-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018074326-appb-000002
式中，
Figure PCTCN2018074326-appb-000003
(3)控制策略
在基础的光伏系统控制(图3实线流图)中，直流控制模块利用MPPT和双闭环实现光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪和升压功能，MMC采用定直流电压配合无功功率控制实现汇集并网。为了提升直流电压稳定性，实现系统无通信协调控制，在直流控制模块中引入了额外输出电压闭环，形成比例调节控制，如图3虚线流图所示。采用死区模块使得在正常运行情况下比例调节失效。当交流系统需要限制接入电网的功率时，MMC切换到定PQ控制模式，直流母线电压会产生波动。当波动超过死区区间时，DC/DC的原始基础控制流图(实线流图)被禁用，转由DC/DC控制直流母线电压，光伏提供功率自动下降，偏离最大功率点。在整个过程中，MMC模块和电网负荷端不需要向直流升压模块传递限功率信号，直流升压模块通过监测直流母线电压即可实现运行方式判定、控制方式切换的功能。
直流升压模块由BFBIC输入并联输出串联，为保证系统的安全稳定，需要考虑BFBIC的输入电流均流，输出电压均压问题，直流模块控制图如图4。本发明在传统双闭环控制策略上加以改进，采用统一的电压外环和模块单独的电流内环调节的方式，使得各个模块输入电流跟随同一指令值实现均流。同时，引入输出电压均压补偿策略，通过采集BFBIC输出电压与模块平均电压做差，形成反馈信号，作用于电流内环，调节输出电压值。
以图1所示拓扑结构和图2、图4所示的控制策略为基础，在PSCAD中搭建1MW集中型光伏系统并网模型。通过仿真对本发明最佳实施方式进行说明。
光伏电池的最大功率为1MW，最大功率点电压为0.82kV；集中型直流变换器额定功率为1MW，变压器变比为3.3，高压侧额定功率为3kV，由30个BFBIC子模块输入并联，输出串联组成。直流母线电压为±30Kv；交流电网额定值35kV。
图5为改变光伏参数，最大功率点改变的波形。在0-6s，光伏环境温度为25℃，太阳能辐射强度为1000W/m2，此时最大功率约为1MW。在6s将光伏环境温度调整为40℃，此时，光伏输出功率 下降，最大功率点电压降低，光伏电池输出电压可以较好地跟随指令值。考虑到功率管的开关损耗和直流输电线路损耗，交流端接收功率略小于光伏发电功率。
图6、图7为验证均压、均流控制方式时的波形。采集不同BFBIFC模块输入电流和输出电压的瞬时值。图6显示各模块输入电流大致相同；图7显示母线电压稳定在60kV，各模块输出电压大致相同。控制策略较好地实现了模块均压、均流
图8为系统协调运行的功率波形图。0-6.5s，交流端工作在限功率模式下，有功功率值为0.75MW，直流母线电压波动。图2所示虚线流图使能，DC/DC控制直流母线电压，光伏阵列未运行在最大功率点。在6.5s-12s，交流端有功功率为1MW，光伏电池满功率运行。在12s切换MMC工作方式，使其工作在定直流母线电压状态，光伏电池工作在最大功率点，输出功率1MW。
综上所述，本发明所提出的控制策略可以应用于光伏直流升压汇集接入系统中。在实现直流模块内部均压、均流和光伏最大功率追踪功能的同时，可以实现系统协调运行。在MMC工作在定PQ状态的情况下直流升压模块可以使能协调策略，稳定直流电压，实现协调运行。

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  1. 一种基于IPOS直流升压的光伏汇集接入系统协调控制方法，用于包括直流升压模块和模块化多电平MMC的光伏并网系统；其中，直流升压模块采用全桥隔离DC/DC子模块输入并联输出串联的结构，当受端电网需要光伏电站输出最大功率时系统工作在最大功率控制模式，当受端电网无法完全消耗光伏电站发出的功率时，系统工作在功率限定模式，对应的控制策略分别为：
    A.最大功率追踪控制模式
    (1)利用电导增量法计算光伏最大功率点电压值作为直流升压模块输入电压的指令值；
    (2)直流升压模块采用电压外环和子模块内部单独的电流内环调节的方式，采集直流升压模块的输入电压并将其与最大功率点电压指令值做差，经PI调节器构成电压外环，提供输入电流的指令值；采集不同子模块的输入电流并分别与输入电流指令值比较，经PI调节器构成独立的电流内环，使各个输入电流跟随相应的指令值；
    (3)引入子模块输出电压均压补偿策略，采集各个子模块的输出电压与子模块的平均输出电压做差，经比例调节器形成反馈信号，作用于电流内环，调节子模块的输出电压值；
    (4)MMC采用定直流母线电压配合无功功率控制方式，稳定直流母线电压；
    B.受端电网功率限定模式
    (1)MMC切换到定有功功率和无功功率的控制模式；
    (2)直流升压模块控制器采集直流母线电压，与指令值做差，差值超出一定范围时，向最大功率控制器发送禁用信号，最大功率追踪的电压外环控制器被禁用；
    (3)采集直流母线电压瞬时值与指令值比较，经比例调节器构成直流母线电压闭环，提供子模块电流控制器的指令值；
    (4)子模块内部的电流内环控制器和均压补偿控制不变化，与最大功率追踪模式相同。
PCT/CN2018/074326 2017-10-19 2018-01-26 基于ipos直流升压的光伏汇集接入系统协调控制方法 Ceased WO2019075955A1 (zh)

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