CN108123162B - Fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel - Google Patents
Fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108123162B CN108123162B CN201611056763.3A CN201611056763A CN108123162B CN 108123162 B CN108123162 B CN 108123162B CN 201611056763 A CN201611056763 A CN 201611056763A CN 108123162 B CN108123162 B CN 108123162B
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- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system taking liquid hydrogen as fuel, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system which comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a buffer tank, a water tank, a heat exchanger, a control valve, a radiator, a circulating water pump, a circulating water pipeline, a monitoring unit and a control module. The liquid hydrogen is gasified by using the heat of the fuel cell to provide a heat source for the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and then the gaseous hydrogen is provided for the fuel cell as fuel. Compared with the traditional modes of storing hydrogen by a high-pressure gas cylinder, storing hydrogen by metal and the like, the invention has the advantages of large hydrogen storage amount, light weight, small volume, low working pressure, safety, reliability, high fuel filling speed, simple fuel filling mode and the like, and is particularly suitable for fuel cell power generation systems with long-endurance requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as a fuel, and more particularly to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as a fuel.
Background
A fuel cell is a highly efficient power generation device that converts chemical energy stored in a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, unlike a conventional battery. Unlike traditional internal combustion engine, it needs fuel and oxidant, but needs no combustion and can complete chemical reaction at low temperature to realize power generation. Fuel cells are of various types, and are classified into alkaline fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and the like, depending on the electrolyte. Among them, compared with other types of fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of high power density, high energy conversion efficiency, low-temperature start and operation, low noise, no pollution and the like, and thus has wide application in the fields of transportation, military, clean energy and the like.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell takes hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant. The traditional hydrogen storage mode mainly comprises high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and metal hydrogen storage. The high-pressure gaseous hydrogen is stored in the high-pressure gas cylinder by compressing the gaseous hydrogen, is limited by pressure, has limited hydrogen storage amount (the weight percentage can reach 10 percent), and has no neglect to the potential safety hazard brought by high pressure and explosion. And the high-pressure hydrogen filling speed is extremely low, and the high-pressure hydrogen filling can be realized by a series of external guarantees such as pressurization equipment. The metal hydrogen storage mode utilizes metal hydrogen storage materials to store hydrogen, the storage capacity is limited, the hydrogen storage materials are too heavy (the weight percentage is only 2 percent), and the hydrogen storage materials cannot be used under the condition of meeting the requirements on the weight and the volume of a fuel cell system. As a novel hydrogen supply mode of the fuel cell, the liquid hydrogen has the advantages of small volume, low pressure, high filling speed, large hydrogen storage capacity and the like, and the liquid hydrogen has absolute hydrogen storage capacity advantage (the weight percentage can reach 20%) in a hydrogen storage system with the same volume or weight. It is especially suitable for the power generation system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
However, liquid hydrogen cannot be directly used for power generation of a fuel cell, the liquid hydrogen needs to be gasified and then used, and the gasification process needs an external environment to provide heat. The working process of the fuel cell is a heating process, the heat generated by the fuel cell needs to be discharged, and the part of heat can be just provided for the liquid hydrogen system to realize the gasification process. The liquid hydrogen system and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system have absolute complementary advantages, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system taking liquid hydrogen as fuel has the advantages of high integration level, high efficiency, high specific energy output and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel, which uses the self redundant heat of a fuel cell as a heat source for gasifying the liquid hydrogen. The gasification speed of the liquid hydrogen system is controlled within the range of the hydrogen amount required by the operation of the fuel cell by control elements in a water tank, a heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, a buffer tank and the like.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel comprises a fuel cell module, a control valve, a buffer tank, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a circulating water pipeline, a circulating water pump, a monitoring unit, a heat exchanger, a water tank, a radiator and an oxygen supply system. The heat management of the liquid hydrogen system takes water as a medium and exchanges heat with the fuel cell module through a heat exchanger. The fuel cell module is provided with a water circulation system, namely internal circulation, and the water circulation for providing heat for the liquid hydrogen is called external circulation, and the following is the same. The internal circulation and the external circulation are relatively independent, the operation pressure can be different, and the battery can not be polluted. When the fuel cell module is in a starting preparation state, the circulating water pump works to bring normal-temperature water into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a small amount of hydrogen can be gasified in the process, the hydrogen is stored in the buffer tank, and the starting process of the fuel cell can be carried out after the required pressure is reached. The water temperature in the water tank gradually rises along with the operation of the fuel cell, then, the gasification speed of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is accelerated, the amount of the hydrogen entering the buffer tank is gradually increased, the temperature in the water tank also reaches thermal balance along with the fuel cell module reaching a constant working temperature range, at the moment, the temperature can be monitored according to a monitoring unit in the water tank, the current of the circulating water pump is regulated through the control module, the water flow change can be controlled, and the gasification speed of the liquid hydrogen can be controlled. The pressure monitoring unit is arranged in the buffer tank, and the water pump current is jointly regulated by the pressure monitoring unit and the temperature monitoring unit in the water tank, so that the related actions of the fuel cell such as changing working conditions are realized. When the fuel cell is ready to stop, the circulating water pump is closed, and after heat supply is stopped, the speed of gasifying hydrogen gas in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is greatly reduced, so that the fuel cell is stopped through the buffer tank. The water tank and the circulating water pipeline can be subjected to heat preservation treatment to prevent the liquid hydrogen gasification speed from being reduced due to serious heat loss. The buffer tank needs to be capable of bearing certain internal pressure, the maximum pressure needs to be equal to the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a certain volume needs to be provided, and the volume size needs to be determined according to specific parameters of the fuel cell module.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the characteristics of the fuel cell are fully utilized, the heat generated by the fuel cell is utilized to provide heat for the gasification of the liquid hydrogen, and the gasified hydrogen is used as the fuel for the operation of the fuel cell to ensure that the fuel cell continuously operates and simultaneously generates heat, and the two supplement each other.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the fuel cell power generation system has high energy density and can generate power for a longer time with the same volume and weight.
2. The system integration level is high, and the structure is connected, compares other hydrogen supply modes such as high pressure hydrogen storage, metal hydrogen storage, and the volume is littleer, and weight is lighter.
3. Compared with a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle (35-70MPa), the working pressure is low and basically within 1MPa, so that the device is safer.
4. The energy utilization rate is high, and a part of heat generated by the fuel cell is provided for the liquid hydrogen to be used as a gasification heat source, so that heat coupling is realized.
5. The parts such as pipelines, pipe fittings, pressure reducers and the like used by the invention are low-pressure products, and have low cost and high reliability.
6. The fuel filling speed is high, and the filling mode is simple.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment 1 of a fuel cell system using liquid hydrogen as fuel.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 2 of a fuel cell system using liquid hydrogen as fuel.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1:
a flow chart of an embodiment 1 of a fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel is shown in fig. 1: the process is suitable for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems of static drainage technology. The embodiment mainly considers the characteristics of the static water drainage technology of the fuel cell, separates the self thermal management of the fuel cell from the thermal management of the liquid hydrogen system, and realizes the transition of heat energy by utilizing the heat exchanger.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is composed of a fuel cell module 1, a control valve 2 (e.g., a solenoid valve), a buffer tank 3, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 4, a circulating water pipeline 5, a circulating water pump 6, a monitoring unit 7, a heat exchanger 8, a water tank 9, a radiator 10, and an oxygen supply system 11.
The fuel cell module 1, the heat exchanger 8 and the radiator 10 constitute a circuit for the thermal management of the fuel cell module itself. The water tank 9, the circulating water pump 6, the circulating water pipeline and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 form a heat management loop of the liquid hydrogen system. The heat exchange between the two is completed by medium water in the water tank 9 through the heat exchanger 8. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. when the fuel cell is in a starting preparation state, the circulating water pump 6 works to circulate water in the water tank 9 through the liquid hydrogen storage tank 4, at the moment, the water temperature is close to room temperature, a small amount of heat energy can be provided for the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 4, a small amount of hydrogen is generated through gasification, the hydrogen enters the buffer tank 3 and then accumulates pressure, and the fuel cell can be started to serve as fuel for the initial low-power operation of the fuel cell when the pressure meets the requirement.
2. After the fuel cell is started, the temperature of the fuel cell is continuously increased along with the time, so that the heat exchange process in the water tank 9 is more violent, and liquid hydrogen is promoted to be converted into more hydrogen for the fuel cell to generate electricity. When the temperature of the fuel cell is controlled to be constant at about 60 ℃ through the self thermal management module, the temperature in the water tank 9 is gradually close to the constant temperature.
3. When the fuel cell works under variable working conditions, hydrogen with different flow rates is required, the water temperature in the water tank 9 is close to constant temperature, under the condition, the water flow rate can be changed by controlling the current of the circulating water pump 6, so that the heat supplied to the liquid hydrogen system is changed, and finally the change of the generated hydrogen amount is realized.
Example 2:
a flow chart of an embodiment 2 of a fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel is shown in fig. 2: the process is suitable for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system of a dynamic drainage technology. In consideration of the characteristics of the dynamic water drainage technology of the fuel cell, the self heat management water channel of the fuel cell is combined with the heat management water channel of the liquid hydrogen system, the heat exchanger 8 in the embodiment 1 is omitted, all water circulation pipelines are normal-pressure pipelines, and the system is simpler. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
referring to fig. 2, the present invention is composed of a fuel cell module 1, a control valve 2 (e.g., an electromagnetic valve), a buffer tank 3, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 4, a circulating water pipeline 5, a circulating water pump 6, a monitoring unit 7, a water tank 9, a radiator 10, and an oxygen supply system 11.
Unlike example 1, as shown in fig. 2: the flow chart does not have a heat exchanger, and the fuel cell module 1 and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 share a set of water circuit circulation. The specific procedure was the same as in example 1.
Claims (3)
1. A fuel cell power generation device using liquid hydrogen as fuel comprises a fuel cell, a hydrogen supply system and a heat pipe
The management system is used for managing the system,
the hydrogen supply system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a buffer tank, a control valve and a hydrogen pipeline, wherein liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is gasified and then enters the buffer tank, and the flow and the pressure of the liquid hydrogen enter the fuel cell from a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell through the hydrogen pipeline under the control of the control valve so as to provide fuel for the work of the fuel cell;
the heat management system inputs heat generated by the fuel cell to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through circulating water to provide a heat source for liquid hydrogen gasification, and comprises the liquid hydrogen storage tank with a water heating pipeline and a water tank, wherein the water tank is connected with a heating water inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the circulating water pipeline and a circulating water pump, and a heating water outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the water tank; a heat exchanger is arranged in the water tank, a water outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with a water inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the water inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through a radiator;
the hot circulating water flows out of the fuel cell, heats the water in the water tank through the heat exchanger, flows through the radiator and then flows back to the fuel cell; the circulating water pump circulates water in the water tank through the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a monitoring unit in the water tank monitors temperature, a control module regulates the output water flow of the circulating water pump, the monitoring unit is a temperature sensor, the control module is a temperature controller, and the circulating water pump and the temperature sensor are electrically connected with the temperature controller;
the buffer tank is required to be capable of bearing the same internal pressure as the liquid hydrogen storage tank and is used for storing gasified hydrogen so as to meet the working requirement of the fuel cell; the water tank is a water source of hot circulating water required by the gasification process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and is required to have a certain volume, the volume is specifically determined according to the heat required by the gasification of the liquid hydrogen, and in order to avoid heat loss, the water tank is subjected to heat preservation treatment;
the heat exchanger separates the internal circulation of the fuel cell from the circulating water required by the liquid hydrogen system, and transfers the heat discharged by the fuel cell into the water tank through the heat exchanger;
the circulating water pump provides a power source for circulating water to flow through the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the rotating speed of the water pump is required to be adjustable
The function is to further adjust the water flow;
the circulating water pipeline is a hot water circulating pipeline required by the liquid hydrogen storage tank and is required to have certain heat preservation.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a water heating pipeline of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is wound on the outer wall surface of the storage tank or in the outer wall surface or in the storage tank.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the heat exchanger is a heat exchange pipe arranged in the water tank.
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| CN201611056763.3A CN108123162B (en) | 2016-11-26 | 2016-11-26 | Fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel |
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| CN201611056763.3A CN108123162B (en) | 2016-11-26 | 2016-11-26 | Fuel cell power generation system using liquid hydrogen as fuel |
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| CN108123162B true CN108123162B (en) | 2021-02-19 |
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| CN109830708B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-25 | 北方工业大学 | Coupling heat management system of fuel cell automobile power assembly |
| CN110350218B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2022-06-10 | 东南大学 | Vehicle-mounted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen supply system with energy optimization design |
| CN110635150B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Thermal management system and method for combination of multiple fuel cell modules |
| CN114639841B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2024-04-05 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system with low-temperature air inlet and vehicle |
| CN113258105B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-07-15 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Control method of waste heat recovery system of liquid hydrogen fuel cell |
| DE102021115084A1 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2022-12-15 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a fuel cell vehicle and fuel cell vehicle |
| CN114267853A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-01 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen gasification supply system utilizing heat of small circulation cooling system of fuel cell |
| CN114388842A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-22 | 天津新氢动力科技有限公司 | Water path design of fuel cell system and heat exchange method thereof |
| CN115425262A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2022-12-02 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen system fuel cell control method and device, fuel cell and vehicle |
| CN117307951B (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2024-04-05 | 北京天海工业有限公司 | Self-pressurizing device for liquid hydrogen cylinder |
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| CN1238921C (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2006-01-25 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Fuel cell power generating device |
| CN1405911A (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-03-26 | 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 | Fuel battery generation system and waste-heat circulating and cooling system therefor |
| EP1473791A1 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-11-03 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell power generator |
| CN201409006Y (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2010-02-17 | 上海攀业氢能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell electricity generating device |
| CN102800882B (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-08-27 | 湖北长海新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel-cell power generation system |
| JP6071430B2 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2017-02-01 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Power generation system and method for operating power generation system |
| WO2015075909A1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-28 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Hydrogen generation device, fuel battery system and hydrogen generation device operation method |
| CN204118188U (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-01-21 | 中盈长江国际新能源投资有限公司 | Integrated form Hydrogen Energy produces storage and recycling device |
| CN204793041U (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-11-18 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell power generation system and use vehicle of this system |
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