The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose it is a kind of by determine track developed width calculate derive high speed circuit circular curve and
The cross section of transition curve path section is linear, solves the accurate cross section of high speed circuit, foundation is provided for the reasonably optimizing in cross section,
So as to effectively reduce roadbed filling height and fill out earth excavation amount, the high-speed loop of the sketch plate number of blocks of cement concrete pavement is reduced
The linear design method in road cross section, it effectively solves the problems, such as transition curve path section road level change width, improves design
Reasonability.
The present invention is different from traditional cross section geometric design method, by introducing Gaussian elimination method, calculates cross section and throws
Object line is linear, and then determines horizontal width corresponding track chord length in track on cross section, and section dichotomy is recycled to iterate,
So that target track chord length approaches design load, final track horizontal width and filled height are obtained, so that it is determined that cross section
Final linear, for idiographic flow referring to Fig. 4, specific algorithm is as follows.
1st, constraints:Starting point horizontal slope, starting point coordinate, connecting points are continuous and derivative is continuous, road superelevation, design speed and
The relation of circular curve radius, as shown in Figure 1.
Z=f (x) is made, when the linear polynomial most high-order term of each track curve in cross section is four times, there is z=f (x)=a
+bx+cx2+dx3+ex4, for adjacent curve multinomial when most high-order term is identical, height difference Equation f (x) is identical.
It can be then expressed as by each section of cross section and the height difference of track minimum point of low speed carriage way to speed way:
In formula, x --- cross section arbitrary point and the horizontal distance (m) of low speed carriage way inside edge line;
zi--- the i-th track cross section arbitrary point and the height difference (m) of low speed carriage way inside edge line;
wi--- the i-th track horizontal width (m) (i=1,2,3,4).
A or a in above formula in each polynomial equationiTrack continuity equation can be utilized to solve, i.e.,:
Assuming that track starting point is (0,0)
f1(0)=0 (2)
First lane meets continuity with linear at second lane line of demarcation, and gained constraints is:
f1(w1)=f2(w1) (3)
Second lane meets continuity with linear at third lane line of demarcation, and gained constraints is:
f2(w1+w2)=f3(w1+w2) (4)
Linear at third lane and Four-Lane Road line of demarcation to meet continuity, gained constraints is:
f3(w1+w2+w3)=f4(w1+w2+w3) (5)
B or b in above formula in each polynomial equationi, c or ci, d or di, e or eiIt can be counted using track superelevation angle
It calculates, the main equilibrium equation in corner track is met as calculation basis using cross section superelevation, i.e. lane center on the parabola of cross section
The slope k at place should meet (referring to Fig. 7):
In formula, v --- lane design speed (m/s);
R --- curved section arbitrary point radius (m);
G --- acceleration of gravity (m/s2)。
At this point, on cross section any point slope
In formula, k --- the slope of cross section arbitrary point;
θ --- the superelevation angle (°) of arbitrary point on cross section.
According to four track center line superelevation angles and design speed relation, gained constraints is:
In addition to conditions above is met, consider that the multiple parabola in cross section is also from line smoothing and curve drainage requirement angle
Following condition need to be met:
(1) drainage requirement is met, gained constraints is:
f′1(0)=i (9)
(2) first lane meets slickness with linear at second lane line of demarcation, and gained constraints is:
f′1(w1)=f '2(w1) (10)
(3) second lane meets slickness with linear at third lane line of demarcation, and gained constraints is:
f′2(w1+w2)=f '3(w1+w2) (11)
(4) linear at third lane and Four-Lane Road line of demarcation to meet slickness, gained constraints is:
f′3(x)=(w1+w2+w3)=f '4(w1+w2+w3) (12)
Note:If first lane is linear when being an order polynomial, takes into account draining and track center line superelevation angle and closed with design speed
System, first lane center line superelevation angle and design speed relation and drainage condition are merged into:
In formula:
I --- starting point horizontal slope angle;
R --- curved section arbitrary point radius (m);
G --- acceleration of gravity (m/s2);
vi--- the i-th lane design speed (m/s);
wi--- the i-th track horizontal width (m);
fi(x) --- the i-th track cross section is linear.
2nd, according to linear constraints condition, coefficient matrix can be represented as follows:
XA=r (14)
In formula:
In formula:
16 × 16 coefficient matrix of x --- matrix A
A --- linear 16 × 1 coefficient matrix of f (x) in track cross section
R --- system of linear equations constant term matrix
xi--- at each track obligatory point with the horizontal distance of low speed carriage way inside edge line
x1 |
x2 |
x3 |
x4 |
0 |
w1 |
w1+w2 |
w1+w2+w3 |
x5 |
x6 |
x7 |
x8 |
w1/2 |
w1+w2/2 |
w1+w2+w3/2 |
w1+w2+w3+w4/2 |
If matrix x is nonsingular, i.e. determinant det x ≠ 0 of x is then write from memory (Cramer) rule according to carat, equation group
XA=r has unique solution.But Cramer's rule cannot be used for solving system of linear equations.
By the augmented matrix of system of linear equations (1)It is about melted into following three Applying Elementary Row OperationsForm, wherein matrix U is upper triangular matrix:
(1) multiple of the i-th row is subtracted from jth row, generates new jth row;
(2) i, two rows of j are exchanged;
(3) certain a line is multiplied with non-zero number;
Thus obtained matrix U and original matrix x are of equal value, and system of linear equations is the same as solution.
The Existence problems of system of linear equations root can be judged with the order of coefficient matrix and augmented matrix, if there is solution,
There are infinite solution or unique solution.
When coefficient matrix sum of ranks augmented matrix it is unequal when:
(1) cross section is linear discontinuous, and the superelevation inclination angle on road surface is more than very likely the limiting gradient of curved surface construction, is increased
High-speed test (HST) vehicle scrambles for roads traveling and the possibility driven over the speed limit, is unfavorable for testing the safe operation of high speed circuit.
(2) cross section can not meet the design speed of speed way, and vehicle is caused to be turned on one's side.
Therefore:
1. when the order of the order < augmented matrixes of coefficient matrix, no solution;
2. when the number of order=unknown quantity of order=augmented matrix of coefficient matrix, there is unique solution;
3. when the number of the order < unknown quantitys of order=augmented matrix of coefficient matrix, there is infinite solution.
Under the conditions of existing for system of linear equations root, take into full account linear continuous and derivable feature and vehicle is caused to scramble for roads row
The Correlative Influence Factors such as the safety issue sailed and driven over the speed limit judge whether cross section is linear true, it is screened, choosing
Reasonable reliable linear combination is taken, must be met claimed below:
(1) ensure that continuous and smooth running car barycenter trajectory, continual curvature and curvature variation are continuous, keep high-speed loop
Overall aesthetic of the road surface on cross section is linear;
(2) ensure that the generated centrifugal force in high vehicle speeds is supported by the horizontal superelevation in high speed circuit cross section
Disappear, thus the relation between cornering ratio and design speed, sweep and superelevation horizontal slope must be met;
(3) ensure later stage roadbed stability and operation during security, consider the antidumping of vehicle when driving
Stability.
3rd, during being calculated due to width, cross section is linear in constantly variation, linear to calculate cross section, needs to introduce
Coefficient matrix is about turned to upper triangular matrix by Gauss (Gauss) elimination, basic principle with the elementary row operations of matrix, then into
Row back substitution solves.Under the conditions of online pictograph conjunction is rational, note
The first step calculates row multiplierIf), it obtains elementary
Transformation matrix
Premultiplication augmented matrixIt can obtain
Assuming that after -1 step of kth, augmented matrix is obtainedIfKth walks, and calculates row
MultiplierThen elementary row operations matrix is
Premultiplication augmented matrixIt can obtain
Above-mentioned steps are continued, after repeating n-1 times, obtain the triangulated linear equation with former Equivalent Linear Systems
Group
In formula:
T(n)=Qn-1Qn-2...Q1T(1)For upper triangular matrix.
It is forward steps by the process that (6) turn to (11).The solution of formula (20) is obtained with the method for back substitution, is backward steps.
All the Principal Minor Sequences are not zero, and the calculation formula of the member that disappears and back substitution is:
1. the member that disappears calculates
For k=1,2 ..., n-1,
2. back substitution calculates
3. the b or b that are acquired according to Gaussian eliminationi, c or ci, d or di, e or ei, a or a are asked with reference to track continuity equationi。
4th, track chord length calculates
Referring to Fig. 8, by taking Four-Lane Road as an example, track chord length is
In formula:
L --- track chord length (m);
Δ x --- each track terminus is to the difference (m) of the horizontal distance of low speed carriage way inside edge line;
Δ z --- each track terminus is to the difference (m) of the height difference of low speed carriage way inside edge line.
5th, the cross section solved more than Gauss (Gauss) elimination is linear, calculates chord length, by section dichotomy repeatedly
Iteration optimizes from speed way to low speed carriage way successively, and basic thought is:Referring to Fig. 3, progressively two by stages [0, wi](wiVehicle
Road floor projection width), by track horizontal width reverse lane width, by judging track starting point to the track string of interval midpoint
The long size with Design Lane width further reduces section so that [mi, ni] interval width ε=ni-mi≤ the limits of error, so as to
Approach the approximation for meeting required precision.
(1) two by stages [0, wi], so that midpointUsing midpoint as track terminal, determined by Gaussian elimination method new
Linear, the parabolical chord length L in calculation optimization cross section compares the size of L and actually required width s.If L > s, make m1=0,New section is [m1, n1].If L < s, ordern1=wi, new section is [m1, n1].If area
Between width n1-m1In the range of the limits of error, the track horizontal width is made to beCalculating terminates.If interval width n1-m1It is more than
The limits of error then continues two by stages and determines new section and track horizontal width.
(2) two by stages [m1, n1], obtain midpointIt is true by Gaussian elimination method using this midpoint as track terminal
It is fixed new linear, chord length L is calculated, compares L and actually required width s sizes.If L > s, make m2=0,Newly
Section be [m2, n2].If L < s, order New section is [m2, n2].If interval width
n2-m2In the range of the limits of error, the track horizontal width is made to beCalculating terminates.If interval width n2-m2More than error
Limit, then continue two by stages and determine new section and track horizontal width.
(3) so go on, referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, finally meet the requirement of precision, obtain section [mi, ni], section is wide
Spend ε=ni-mi≤ the limits of error, withAs track terminal, track horizontal width is
(4) when optimizing Four-Lane Road, the approximation for meeting required precision is obtained by above step;
(5) when optimizing a plurality of track, optimize from speed way to low speed carriage way, using above step, Query refinement,
Respectively so that the final interval width ε≤limits of error in each track, you can track horizontal width is acquired, so that it is determined that cross-sectional design
It is linear;
During design, can the optimization of more different tracks as a result, from the applicability of calculating, efficiency of optimization etc., choosing
It selects most rationally, efficiently optimizes linear.
The invention discloses a kind of proving ground high speed circuit the linear design method in cross section, feature is:
1) this high speed circuit cross-sectional line shape design method calculates the horizontal stroke in bend section using the method for long calculated altitude of tuning up
Section is linear.The speed way road gradient of traditional design method is larger, causes track chord length much larger than horizontal width, beyond reality
Lane width needed for border.The method can effectively improve horizontal stroke with accurate calculation track horizontal width and actual filled height
The computational accuracy of section improves subgrade stability and travel safety by reducing depth of fill.It can realize the excellent of multilane
Change and solve.
2) using Gaussian elimination method in this method calculating process, by the arithmetical operation of limited number of time, by computation complexity control
System within the acceptable range, ensures the stability of numerical computations, optimizes the calculating of cross section linear equations, relatively low for exponent number
System of linear equations it is more effective, it is low order dense matrix to be especially suitable for system of linear equations coefficient matrix.
3) during width calculating, by using section dichotomy, by track horizontal width reverse developed width, obtain
Meet the numerical solution of the width of certain required precision, optimize successively into line width from speed way and calculate, more different tracks
Optimization efficiency problem, so that it is determined that high speed circuit cross-sectional line shape.
The linear optimum design method in cross section in the present invention, key technology solve track water in traditional design method
The problem of flat width has big difference with track developed width substitutes directly definite track horizontal width by calculating track chord length
Method effectively reduces depth of fill, saves road and takes up an area, improves the stability of roadbed, simplifies Cement Concrete Pavement Slab block and sets
Meter reduces the difficulty of construction on road surface and fills out excavation requirement, and effective foundation is provided for more rational design.
Specific embodiment
Example is designed by taking the 1-3-3-3 curve types of cross section as an example, the desin speed in four tracks be respectively 70km/h,
120km/h, 180km/h and 220km/h, circular curve radius 500m, by determining that track developed width calculates track superelevation
It is linear to acquire cross section lane design for method.
Exemplified by optimizing the 4th track, detailed process is as follows.
Step 1:It is assumed that by introducing Gaussian elimination method, calculate that cross section parabola is linear to be
Design example is cross section 1-3-3-3 curve types, since adjacent curve multinomial most high-order term is identical, height difference
Equation f (x) is identical, then a2=a3=a4=a, thus cross section is linear is reduced to
Step 2:According to design example, it is as follows to conclude cross section parabola linear constraints equation
Step 3:With reference to parabola is linear and constraint equation obtains the cross section of Gaussian elimination and linear is
Step 4:It is linear according to cross section, Four-Lane Road chord length is calculated,
Step 5:Section dichotomy optimization chord length, convergence Design Lane width meet available accuracy requirement
(1) two by stages [0,4], so that midpoint 2, using midpoint as track terminal, is determined new by Gaussian elimination method
It is linear to be
The parabolical chord length L=2.5236 in calculation optimization cross section compares the size of L and actually required width s=4.L <
S makes m1=2, n1=4, new section is [2,4].Interval width n1-m1Outside limits of error scope, then continue two by stages and determine
New section and track horizontal width.
(2) two by stages [2,4], obtain midpoint 3, using this midpoint as track terminal, are determined by Gaussian elimination method new
It is linear to be
Chord length L=3.7845 is calculated, compares the size of L and actually required width s=4.L < s, make m2=3, n2=4, newly
Section be [3,4].Interval width n1-m1Outside limits of error scope, then continue two by stages and determine that new section and track are horizontal
Width.
(4) two by stages [3,4], obtain midpoint 3.5, using this midpoint as track terminal, are determined newly by Gaussian elimination method
Linear be
Chord length L=4.4142 is calculated, compares the size of L and actually required width s=4.L > s, make m2=3, n2=3.5,
New section is [3,3.5].Interval width n1-m1Outside limits of error scope, then continue two by stages and determine new section and track
Horizontal width.
(4) so go on, finally meet the requirement of precision, track chord length is 4, and Four-Lane Road horizontal width is
3.171045508。
Similar 4th track of optimum design method in other tracks, but when carrying out dichotomy calculating, need to ensure that track is linear
Meet each track developed width simultaneously.Optimization need to be carried out at the same time during optimization design by the principle from speed way to low speed carriage way.
Specific result of calculation such as following table:
Fig. 5 be optimization one, two, three, four tracks Shi Ge tracks horizontal width changes along length of transition curve
Comparison diagram.Abscissa in Fig. 5 is length of curve, unit m, and ordinate is track horizontal width, unit m.
Fig. 6 is using traditional design method (track is without optimization) and circular curve section when optimization one, two, three tracks
Track horizontal width and roadbed degree of contrast figure.
It can be drawn the following conclusions according to result of calculation (referring to table 1) and Fig. 5,6:
Table 1:Using circular curve section track horizontal width and roadbed degree of contrast under traditional design method and optimization method
As a result table
(1) cross section of different linear combinations is calculated, it is found that the 3rd Four-Lane Road, as road width, is obtained using lane width
The earth volume consumption gone out is more.
(2) if necessary to the width of optimization multilane, it is necessary to which simultaneous equations, can not establish an equation to single track solution, institute
Should be no solution in the hope of accurate solution.
(3) when calculating multilane, the larger track of the third and fourth track amplitude of variation, first, second track are only calculated
Influence to width can be ignored substantially.
The linear design method in cross section proposed by the present invention has following features compared with traditional design method:
(1) cross section superelevation angle and the selection of transverse projection length are calculated for the accurate of earth volume there are certain error,
High speed circuit cross section is considered there are larger superelevation angle, this computational methods optimization cross section reduces and fills out earth excavation amount.
(2) the rough property calculated compared to traditional design method determines arc length using Gaussian elimination and height is asked to calculate cross section
Linear equations, computational accuracy can be improved by iterating by section dichotomy, and solve traditional dichotomy multilane optimization
When endless loop problem.
(3) what the phenomenon that solving the variation issue of transition curve path section width, broadening to bend section was become more meticulous
It calculates, accomplishes effectively to improve.
(4) the optimization efficiency problem in different tracks is compared, selects most efficiently, it is linear to calculate most suitably used optimization.
The design method of high speed circuit cross-sectional line shape optimization of the present invention has been broken the cross-section surface curve of high speed circuit tradition and has been set
The high pattern of fixed width is counted, based on design philosophy of the driver to horizontal speed Spreading requirements is met, solves high speed circuit horizontal stroke
The technical barrier of the geometry designs of section.Using track developed width as design standard, the stabilization of later stage roadbed is not only increased
Property, and the security and comfort level during vehicle operation are improved, and reduce difficulty of construction and fill out excavation requirement etc..
On the basis of the existing construction of analysis high speed circuit with achievement in research, by in-depth study and discussion, from difference
Angle improve the geometry designs computational methods linear with Developing High-speed circuit cross section, the design of high speed circuit from now on and to apply
Work provides more valuable achievement, and it is desirable that the development of high speed circuit cross section geometry designs theory and technology is promoted with this.