disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of high toxicity of a chlorination reagent or a solvent, low yield, high reaction temperature and the like of the existing preparation method of 2, 4-dichloro-5-bromopyrimidine, and provides a preparation method of a halogenated uracil compound. The preparation method takes 5-halogenated uracil as a starting material, has simple and convenient process, high yield and environmental protection, and can be suitable for industrial production.
The invention provides a preparation method of a compound shown as a formula 2, which comprises the following steps of mixing a compound 1 and PCl in a solvent5Carrying out chlorination reaction to obtain the product,
wherein X is one of F, Cl, Br or I; the solvent is selected from SOCl2One or more of carbon tetrachloride, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1,1, 1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and 1,1, 2-trichloroethane.
Wherein, in the chlorination reaction, the PCl5The molar ratio of the compound 1 to the compound used may be a ratio conventionally used in the art, and the present invention is particularly preferably (2.3:1) to (3:1), and more preferably (2.5:1) to (2.8: 1).
In the chlorination reaction, the ratio of the amount of the compound 1 to the solvent can be the amount conventionally used in the reactions in the field, and the invention particularly preferably selects 0.5 mol/L-2 mol/L, and further preferably selects 0.6 mol/L-1.8 mol/L.
Wherein the temperature of the chlorination reaction can be a conventional temperature in the reaction in the field, and the temperature at which the solvent can be refluxed is particularly preferred in the present invention.
Wherein, the time of the chlorination reaction can be determined according to the change of the reaction liquid from a suspension state to a clear solution, and the end point of the reaction is monitored by a conventional detection method in the field (such as HPLC, TLC or NMR), and TLC detection is particularly preferred in the invention.
Wherein, when X in the compound shown in the formula 1 is Br, the preparation method of the compound shown in the formula 2 preferably further comprises the following step of reacting uracil with a bromination reagent under the action of acid or acid/acid anhydride; the brominating reagent is 1,3-dibromo-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin (DBH); the acid/anhydride refers to a mixture of acid and anhydride; the acid or the acid/anhydride is an organic acid; the acid anhydride is organic acid anhydride;
wherein, in the preparation method, the acid is used as a catalyst and a solvent in the invention, the organic acid can be an organic acid suitable for the reaction, and the invention particularly preferably selects acetic acid and/or propionic acid, and the acetic acid and the propionic acid are anhydrous acetic acid and anhydrous propionic acid;
in the preparation method, the acid anhydride in the acid/acid anhydride can be organic acid anhydride used for absorbing moisture in the reaction process, and the invention particularly preferably selects acetic anhydride and/or propionic anhydride;
in the preparation method, the dosage ratio of the uracil to the acid or the dosage ratio of the uracil to the acid/anhydride can be the conventional dosage ratio of the reaction in the field, and the invention particularly preferably has the dosage ratio of 0.8 mol/L-1 mol/L, and further preferably has the dosage ratio of 0.811 mol/L.
In the acid/anhydride, the molar ratio of the acid to the anhydride is 1/18-1/8, preferably 1/15-1/10. In the preparation method, the reaction temperature can be the conventional temperature of the reaction in the field, and the temperature is particularly preferably 25-70 ℃, and further preferably 50-60 ℃ in the invention.
In the preparation method, the molar amount of the brominating reagent can be the conventional amount in the reaction in the field, and the invention particularly preferably selects 0.4-1.5, preferably 0.6-1.2 of the amount of uracil.
Wherein, in the preparation method, the reaction time can be monitored by a conventional detection method in the field (such as HPLC, TLC or NMR), and the TLC method is preferred in the invention.
In the preparation method, after the reaction is finished, post-treatment can be carried out; the post-treatment is preferably carried out by dilution, suction filtration and drying. Wherein, the dilution can be carried out by adopting a conventional dilution mode in the field, and preferably, the dilution is carried out by using ethyl acetate; the suction filtration and the drying can adopt the conventional operation mode in the field.
Wherein, in the preparation method, the reaction can be carried out under the action of a catalyst, the catalyst can be a conventional catalyst for the reaction, and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) is particularly preferred in the invention; the ratio of the molar usage of the catalyst to the molar usage of the brominating agent can be the conventional usage in the reaction in the field, and the ratio of the molar usage of the catalyst to the molar usage of the brominating agent is particularly preferably 0.8-1.2, and more preferably 1: 1.
The preparation method of the compound shown in the formula 2 preferably further comprises the following post-treatment: and extracting, drying and concentrating the reaction mixture after the chlorination reaction. The reaction mixture is preferably mixed with ice water during the extraction; the extractant is preferably dichloromethane during the extraction;
the drying may be carried out by conventional procedures in the art;
the concentration adopts the conventional operation in the field;
the above preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain preferred embodiments of the present invention without departing from the common general knowledge in the art.
The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the invention employs PCl5As a chlorination reagent, the use of highly toxic phosphorus oxychloride as a solvent is avoided, and the reaction endpoint is easy to judge and control; the yield is high, and the post-treatment is simple;
(2) the reflux reaction temperature is lower, and the danger index is reduced;
(3) the solvent used in the reaction can be recycled after being dried, and is green and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
Example 1
5-Bromocluracil (6.0g, 31.4mmol) with PCl5(16.4g, 78.5mmol) was mixed in a reaction flask, 1, 2-dichloroethane (50mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux. During the reaction, the mixture changed from suspension to a pale yellow clear solution, at which time TLC showed complete reaction of the starting materials and cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was slowly poured into stirring ice water, stirred for 1h, extracted with DCM (3X 50mL), and the organic layer was added anhydrous MgSO4Drying, evaporating the solvent to dryness to obtain a light yellow transparent liquid. Further purification on silica gel column gave compound 2 as a colorless transparent liquid (yield 99%, purity 97.5%).
Example 2
5-Bromocluracil (6.0g, 31.4mmol) with PCl5(19.68g, 94.2mmol) was mixed in a reaction flask and SOCl was added2(50mL), the reaction mixture was heated to reflux. During the reaction, the mixture changed from suspension to a pale yellow clear solution, at which time TLC showed complete reaction of the starting materials and cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was slowly poured into stirring ice water, stirred for 1h, extracted with DCM (3X 50mL), and the organic layer was added anhydrous MgSO4Drying, evaporating the solvent to dryness to obtain a light yellow transparent liquid. Further purification on silica gel column gave compound 2 as a colorless transparent liquid (yield 99%, purity 97.2%).
Example 3
5-Bromocluracil (6.0g, 31.4mmol) with PCl5(16.4g, 78.5mmol) was mixed in a reaction flask, carbon tetrachloride (50mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux. During the reaction, the mixture changed from suspension to a pale yellow clear solution, at which time TLC showed complete reaction of the starting materials and cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was slowly poured into stirring ice water, stirred for 1h, extracted with DCM (3X 50mL), and the organic layer was added anhydrous MgSO4Drying, evaporating the solvent to dryness to obtain a light yellow transparent liquid. Further purification on silica gel column gave compound 2 as a colorless transparent liquid (yield 99%, purity 97%).
Example 4
5-Bromocluracil (6.0g, 31.4mmol) with PCl5(16.4g, 87.9mmol) was mixed in a reaction flask, 1, 2-trichloroethane (50mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux. During the reaction, the mixture changed from suspension to a pale yellow clear solution, at which time TLC showed complete reaction of the starting materials and cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was slowly poured into stirring ice water, stirred for 1h, extracted with DCM (3X 50mL), and the organic layer was added anhydrous MgSO4Drying, evaporating the solvent to dryness to obtain a light yellow transparent liquid. Further purification on silica gel column gave compound 2 as a colorless transparent liquid (yield 99.5%, purity 97%).
Example 5
Uracil (100g, 892.1mmol) and solvent (glacial acetic acid (1L), acetic anhydride (100mL)) were mixed in a reaction flask (white suspension), stirred at 50 ℃ for reaction, and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH, 153g, 535.3mmol) was added and stirred for reaction. After 1.5h, the white suspension turned to a bean curd residue, at which point TLC spots (sampled a little, diluted with THF, DCM/MeOH, 4:1 developed) showed the reaction was complete. And (3) post-treatment: the reaction mixture was diluted with EA, filtered with suction and dried in vacuo to give 5-bromouracil, compound 2, as a white solid (168.8, 99.9% yield, 99.3% purity).
Examples 6 to 12
The following examples 2 to 8 were carried out by changing the solvent, temperature and reaction time according to the procedure of example 5, and the results are shown in the following table:
example 13
Uracil (1mol), solvent (glacial acetic acid (937.5mL), acetic anhydride (62.5mL)) were mixed in a reaction flask (white suspension), stirred at 50 ℃ for reaction, and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH, 1.2mol) was added and stirred for reaction. After 1.5h, the white suspension turned to a bean curd residue, at which point TLC spots (sampled a little, diluted with THF, DCM/MeOH, 4:1 developed) showed the reaction was complete. And (3) post-treatment: the reaction mixture was diluted with EA, filtered, the filter cake was washed with EA, and dried under vacuum to give 5-bromouracil as a white solid (yield 99.0%, purity 99.4%).
Example 14
Uracil (0.8mol), solvent (glacial acetic acid (889ml), acetic anhydride (111ml)) were mixed in a reaction flask (white suspension), stirred at 60 ℃ for reaction, and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH, 1.5mol) was added and stirred for reaction. After 1.5h, the white suspension turned to a bean curd residue, at which point TLC spots (sampled a little, diluted with THF, DCM/MeOH, 4:1 developed) showed the reaction was complete. And (3) post-treatment: the reaction mixture was diluted with EA, filtered, the filter cake was washed with EA, and dried under vacuum to give 5-bromouracil as a white solid (yield 99.0%, purity 98.9%).
Example 15
Uracil (0.9mol), solvent (glacial acetic acid (889ml), acetic anhydride (111ml)) were mixed in a reaction flask (white suspension), stirred at 50 ℃ for reaction, added with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH, 0.45mol), and stirred for reaction. After 1.5h, the white suspension turned to a bean curd residue, at which point TLC spots (sampled a little, diluted with THF, DCM/MeOH, 4:1 developed) showed the reaction was complete. And (3) post-treatment: the reaction mixture was diluted with EA, filtered with suction, and dried in vacuo to give 5-bromouracil as a white solid (yield 99.0%, purity 98.6%).
Comparative example 1
The following operations are carried out with reference to the descriptions in Synthesis, molecular linking and ADME prediction of sodium pyridine and pyridine derivatives as anti-Chemical cancer drugs, journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(5), 60-66, 2010: 5-bromouracil (250g), N-dimethylaniline (300mL) were mixed in a 2L reaction flask, and SOCl was added dropwise at 40 ℃2(600mL) and the reaction was refluxed for 5h without reaction.
Comparative example 2
5-Bromocluracil (6.0g, 31.4mmol) with PCl5(16.4g, 78.5mmol) was mixed in a reaction flask, dichloromethane (50mL) was added and the reaction mixture was heated toRefluxing and no reaction.
Comparative example 3
5-Bromocluracil (6.0g, 31.4mmol) with PCl5(16.4g, 78.5mmol) was mixed in a reaction flask, chloroform (50mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux without reaction.
Comparative examples 2 to 7
Reference is made to the publication at C-5 of pyrimidine and C-8 of purine nucleosides with 1,3-dibromo-5, 5-dimethylhydatono tetrahedron Letters,53(26), 3333-3336; 2012, 5 reactions were selected with high yields and the results are shown in the following table.
Substrate
|
DBH(eq.)
|
TMSOTf(eq.)
|
Solvent/temperature (. degree. C.)
|
Yield (%)
|
1a
|
0.55
|
0.55
|
DCM/40
|
98
|
1a
|
0.55
|
0.55
|
DMF/25
|
98
|
1a
|
0.55
|
0.55
|
MeCN/25
|
90
|
1a
|
0.55
|
—
|
DMF/25
|
95
|
1a
|
0.55
|
—
|
MeCN/25
|
86 |
The reaction substrate in the table above was replaced with uracil, and comparative examples 1 to 6 of the repeated experiments shown below were performed:
comparative example 2
DBH (1.4g,4.9mmol) was added to CH of uracil (1g,8.9mmol)2Cl2(15 mL). Stirring the reaction mixture at 40 deg.C for 6h, detecting by TLC that the raw material completely reacts, evaporating to remove solvent, adding ethyl acetate (20mL), pulping, vacuum filtering, and vacuum drying at 55 deg.C for 4h to obtain white solid product 0.41g, namely-5-bromouracil (24.1%)
Comparative example 3
DBH (1.4g,4.9mmol) was added to a suspension of uracil (1g,8.9mmol) in DMF (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ℃) for 6h, TLC detected that the starting material was completely reacted, the solvent was evaporated, ethyl acetate (20mL) was added and slurried, filtered with suction, and dried at 55 ℃ under vacuum for 4h to give 0.77g of a white solid product, i.e., -5-bromouracil (45.3%).
Comparative example 4
DBH (1.4g,4.9mmol) was added to a suspension of uracil (1g,8.9mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ℃) for 6h, TLC detected that the starting material reacted completely, the solvent was evaporated to dryness, ethyl acetate (20mL) was added and slurried, filtered with suction, and dried at 55 ℃ under vacuum for 4h to give 0.51g (30.0%) of a white solid product, i.e., -5-bromouracil.
Comparative example 5
DBH (1.4g,4.9mmol), TMSOTf (1.1g,4.9mmol) added to CH of uracil (1g,8.9mmol)2Cl2(15 mL). Stirring the reaction mixture at 40 deg.C for 6h, detecting by TLC that the raw materials completely react, evaporating to remove solvent, adding ethyl acetate (20mL), pulping, vacuum filtering, and vacuum drying at 55 deg.C for 4h to obtain white solid product 0.82g, namely-5-bromouracil (48.2%)
Comparative example 6
DBH (1.4g,4.9mmol), TMSOTf (1.1g,4.9mmol) were added to a suspension of uracil (1g,8.9mmol) in DMF (15 mL). Stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature (25 deg.C) for 6h, detecting by TLC that the raw materials completely react, evaporating to remove solvent, adding ethyl acetate (20mL), pulping, filtering, vacuum drying at 55 deg.C for 4h to obtain white solid product 0.77g, namely-5-bromouracil (45.3%)
Comparative example 7
DBH (1.4g,4.9mmol), TMSOTf (1.1g,4.9mmol) were added to a suspension of uracil (1g,8.9mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6h, TLC detected that the starting material reacted completely, the solvent was evaporated to dryness, ethyl acetate (20mL) was added and slurried, filtered under suction, and dried under vacuum at 55 ℃ for 4h to give 1.10g of a white solid product, i.e., -5-bromouracil (64.7%)
Comparative examples 8 to 19
Comparative examples 7 to 18 shown below were carried out by changing the solvent, temperature and reaction time with reference to the procedure of example 5, and the results are shown in the following table: