CN102391288B - Preparation methods of cefpirome intermediate and cefpirome - Google Patents
Preparation methods of cefpirome intermediate and cefpirome Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to preparation methods of cefpirome intermediate and cefpirome; 7-amino cephalsporanic acid is used as a raw material; a silanization reaction, an iodination reaction, and a pyridine reaction are performed; the obtained product is added with an oxidant, and hydrochloric acid or is added into a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water to prepare a halogen acid salt of the cefpirome intermediate (6R, 7R)-7-amino-3-[(2,3-cyclopentene-pyridine)methyl]ceph-3-ene-4-carboxylic acid. The invention also provides a method for preparing cefpirome sulfates by using the obtainedintermediate halogen acid salt. The cefpirome intermediate and cefpirome prepared by the methods have high yield, and low production cost; the operation is simple; the discharge of three wastes is less; treatment and recovery are easy, and the methods are applicable to industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the synthetic method of cefpirome intermediate high-purity hydrogen halate and cefpirome, belong to technical field of medicine synthesis.
Background technology
Cephalosporins (Cephalosporins) is the cephalosporin that extracts by in the crown head spore rhzomorph nutrient solution, a series of semisynthetic antibiotics that obtain through transforming side chain.Its advantage is: has a broad antifungal spectrum, and more stable to the β-lactamase that sour and various bacteriums produce.In several cynnematins that gone on the market, salt cephalosporin compound (ceftazime, cefepime, cefpirome) occupies very important status.Cefpirome Sulfate belong to the 4th generation cynnematin, have the advantages such as has a broad antifungal spectrum, anti-microbial effect are strong, high to the beta-lactam Enzymic stability, medication better tolerance, be a kind of up-and-coming microbiotic.
The key intermediate of synthetic Cefpirome Sulfate is amino 3-{ (2, the 3-cyclopentenes-pyridine) methyl of (6R, 7R)-7-} cephalo-3-alkene-4-carboxylic acid, the structural formula of its halogen acid salt is as follows, abbreviation formula 1 compound:
About in the preparation method of formula 1 compound; the synthetic route of widespread use is in the prior art: take 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 2) as raw material; get formula 3 through silylating reagent protection amino and carboxyl; with trimethyl silicane iodine (TMSI) reaction production 4; formula 4 and pyridine reaction production 5; the deprotection base gets the cefpirome intermediate through extraction, crystallization afterwards, and synthetic route is as follows:
Crystallization about formula 1 compound, there is patent to disclose dihydrochloride and two hydriodates of formula 1, preparation such as cefpirome intermediate (formula 1) two hydriodates mentioned among the Chinese patent CN1587267A (CN200410069514.9), Iodotrimethylsilane is in acetonitrile, add 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine and cefotaxime, in 5 ℃ of reactions, then the hydrochloric acid soln that adds potassiumiodide, product washing, dry cefpirome two hydriodates that get; Two hydriodates that this method obtains are second-rate, need to come purifying and be converted into dihydrochloride to be used for next step reaction through loaded down with trivial details anion-exchange resin column, and complex operation, yield is low.
In addition, the shortcoming of traditional method also has:
1, the iodine of using in the production finally disperses to be present in respectively to go on foot in the waste liquid with the form of iodide ion, so that being difficult to process, reclaim the three wastes in producing, expensive iodine proportion in the production cost of intermediate formula 1 very large (15～20%), if containing the iodine waste liquid arbitrarily discharges, not only cause a large amount of wastes of iodine and the greatly raising of cost, also will cause the severe contamination of environment.
2, reactant is more loaded down with trivial details in post-processing operation such as deprotection, dissolving, extractive crystallizations, and has passed through the conditions such as strong acid, has caused the loss of yield; need use a large amount of solvents during crystallization; production cost is high, therefore, seeks a kind of crystallization condition simpler, that more optimize significant.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of synthetic method of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound of suitable suitability for industrialized production, and provides the cefpirome intermediate that utilizes the method to synthesize to prepare cefpirome.
Cefpirome intermediate of the present invention is amino 3-{ (2, the 3-cyclopentenes-pyridine) methyl of (6R, 7R)-7-} halogen acid salt of cephalo-3-alkene-4-carboxylic acid, structural formula is as shown in Equation 1.Crystallized form preferably includes amino 3-{ (2, the 3-cyclopentenes-pyridine) methyl of (6R, 7R)-7-} mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate or the hydriodate monohydrate of cephalo-3-alkene-4-carboxylic acid.
The technical scheme of invention is as follows:
A kind of synthetic method of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound of suitable suitability for industrialized production,
Comprise that step is as follows:
(1) take 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid as raw material, be dissolved in the methyl chloride solvent, use silylating reagent protection amino and carboxyl to get formula 3 compounds,
Formula 3
Add acid binding agent and Iodotrimethylsilane under the ice bath, formula 3 compounds are reacting in the presence of the acid binding agent with under Iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) room temperature, obtain iodo product formula 4 compounds, then be cooled to 0～5 ℃, add cyclopenta pyridine, formula 4 compounds and cyclopenta pyridine reaction obtain formula 5 compounds
Formula 4 formulas 5
(2) in the solution of formula 5 compounds that step (1) makes, drip methyl alcohol, stirred 10～15 minutes, add oxygenant, the oxygenant consumption is 0.8～5 times of molar weight of TMSI in the step (1), add hydrochloric acid, extract, the crystallization aftertreatment, obtain cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound, wherein HX is HCl.Perhaps,
The solution of formula 5 compounds that (3) step (1) made drops in the mixed solvent of organic solvent and water, stirs 0.5～5hr, filters, washs aftertreatment, obtains cefepime intermediate formula 1 compound, and wherein HX is HI.Described organic solvent comprises: alcohol, ketone, nitrile or acid amides, the volume ratio of organic solvent and water are 1～10: 1.
Described silylating reagent is selected from hexamethyldisilazane, N, the two trimethylsilyl ethanamides of O-, trimethylchlorosilane, bromotrimethylsilane or Iodotrimethylsilane; Described Fu's acid agent comprises DMA, N, N-Diethyl Aniline, triethylamine, Tributylamine, ethene, cyclopentenes, tetrahydrobenzene, propylene oxide etc.; Described oxygenant is selected from the energy such as nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, potassium bichromate, clorox, potassium permanganate, Peracetic Acid or ferric ion will contain all oxides that iodide ion is oxidized to elemental iodine, and its consumption is 0.8～5 times of molar weight of TMSI in the reaction.
Preferred according to the present invention, silylating reagent is selected from hexamethyldisilazane, N described in the step (1), the two trimethylsilyl ethanamides of O-or trimethylchlorosilane;
Preferred according to the present invention, the acid of Fu described in the step (1) agent is selected from DMA, N, N-Diethyl Aniline, triethylamine or tetrahydrobenzene;
Preferred according to the present invention, oxygenant described in the step (2) is selected from again nontoxic oxide compound of the environmental protection such as hydrogen peroxide, iron trichloride or Peracetic Acid, and the oxygenant consumption is preferably 0.5～2 times of molar weight of TMSI consumption in the step (1).Wherein, the further preferred hydrogen peroxide of described oxygenant.The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferably 40～50wt%.
Preferred according to the present invention, the consumption of the methyl alcohol of dropping described in the step (2) and the ratio of step (1) raw material 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid consumption are 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid: methyl alcohol=1: 1～1.5 mass volume ratios, the g/ml of unit.
Preferred according to the present invention, used hydrochloric acid is concentrated hydrochloric acid in the step (2), and massfraction is 35～37%.
Further preferred, the described organic solvent of step (3) is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, propyl carbinol, acetone, acetonitrile, N, dinethylformamide (DMF) or N, N-N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE (DMAC), the volume ratio of organic solvent and water is preferably (1～5) in the mixed solvent: 1.
Cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound that utilizes the present invention to synthesize prepares cefpirome, continues following steps:
(4) prepared cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound (HX is HCl or HI) is added N, in the mixed solution of dinethylformamide and water, add 2-cis methoxy imino-2-(thiazolamine base-4) acetic acid active ester (MAEM) and be cooled to 0～5 ℃, drip triethylamine, insulated and stirred 3-4hr, adding methylene dichloride stirs, standing demix, water adds activated carbon decolorizing, and filtrate is transferred pH=1.2～1.5 with 40wt% sulfuric acid, adds acetone under the normal temperature, be cooled to 0～5 ℃ and stir 1-1.5hr, filter, the washing with acetone filter cake, vacuum-drying gets cefpirome vitriol.
The preferred scheme according to the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 4) 40～50g, methylene dichloride 150～200ml, hexamethyldisilazane 45～50ml put in the reaction flask, be heated to and refluxed 8 hours, add N under the ice bath, N-Diethyl Aniline 28～30ml, Iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) 40～42g, room temperature reaction 3hr is cooled to 0～5 ℃, add 2,3-cyclopenta pyridine 24～26ml, 5～10 ℃ of temperature controls stir 5hr, obtain the solution of formula 5 compounds;
(2) solution to formula 5 compounds of step (1) preparation drips methyl alcohol 40～60ml, reaction 10mins, add hydrogen peroxide 10～12ml, concentrated hydrochloric acid 120～150ml, the water 120～150ml of concentration 40-50wt%, be stirred to solid and all dissolve, standing demix, water adds acetone 550～600ml, add triethylamine and transfer pH to 3.0, filter 100～120ml washing with acetone, vacuum-drying gets the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate (formula 1, wherein HX is HCl) of cefpirome intermediate.Perhaps,
The solution of formula 5 compounds that (3) step (1) prepared splashes among methyl alcohol 120～150ml, the water 90～100ml, add rear stirring 2hr, filter, filter cake washs with methyl alcohol 150～170ml, vacuum-drying gets cefpirome intermediate hydriodate monohydrate (formula 1, wherein HX is HI).
Technical characterstic of the present invention and excellent results:
1, the synthetic method of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound of the present invention, select in the step (2) environmental protection again nontoxic oxide compound various forms of iodine are oxidized to elemental iodine, expensive iodine is concentrated to be present in the organic phase, can a step obtain highly purified mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate like this, the processing that contains the iodine waste liquid is reclaimed obviously to be simplified, the efficient recovery of iodine had both been avoided the pollution to environment, had greatly saved again production cost.
2; the synthetic method of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound of the present invention; the method that obtains formula 1 compound in the step (3) has been removed adding methyl alcohol deprotection in the traditional technology; hcl as extraction agent; the loaded down with trivial details flow process that adds at last a large amount of acetone crystallizations; but the method that adopts deprotection and crystallization to walk synchronously; directly obtain the hydriodate monohydrate of formula 1 compound; this technique is not only simple to operate; also save the mass crystallization solvent, reduced the discharging of the three wastes, and greatly simplified technical process; Effective Raise yield; avoided simultaneously the use of concentrated acid, be conducive to the protection of production unit, whole technique more is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
3, the cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound yield of the inventive method preparation is high, molar yield is greater than 91%, purity good (purity＞98%), do not need to make with extra care and to be directly used in the synthetic of cefpirome, greatly saved the waste of refining needed complicated processes and raw material, cost is obviously reduced.
4, the cefpirome purity that the cefpirome intermediate that utilizes the inventive method to prepare prepares is high, yield good, the HPLC purity of gained cefpirome＞99%, molar yield＞90%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the high-efficient liquid phase chromatogram of the cefpirome intermediate mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate product of embodiment 1 preparation;
Fig. 2 is the high-efficient liquid phase chromatogram of the cefpirome intermediate hydriodate monohydrate product of embodiment 3 preparations;
Among Fig. 1, Fig. 2, ordinate zou is intensity (arbitrary unit), and X-coordinate is time (unit: min).
Fig. 3 is the infrared spectrogram of reference standards cefpirome sulfate product;
Fig. 4 is the infrared spectrogram of the cefpirome sulfate product of embodiment 2 preparations;
Among Fig. 3, Fig. 4, ordinate zou is transmitance (%), and X-coordinate is wave number (unit: cm
-1).
Embodiment
The embodiment of form by the following examples, foregoing of the present invention is described further, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following examples, all technology that realizes based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.The auxiliary material of each formulation can be replaced with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary material in following examples, perhaps reduces, increases.Used concentrated hydrochloric acid massfraction is 36% among the embodiment.
The preparation of [embodiment 1] cefpirome intermediate (formula 1, wherein HX is HCl) monohydrate
(1) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 4) 40g (0.147mol), methylene dichloride 150ml, hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) 48ml (0.23mol) put in the reaction flask, be heated to and refluxed 8 hours, add N under the ice bath, N-Diethyl Aniline 29ml (0.18mol), TMSI (40.8g, 0.204mol), room temperature reaction 3hr, be cooled to 0～5 ℃, add 2,3-cyclopenta pyridine 24ml (0.182mol), 5～10 ℃ of temperature controls stir 5hr, obtain the solution of formula 5 compounds;
(2) solution to formula 5 compounds of above preparation drips methyl alcohol 40ml, reaction 10mins, hydrogen peroxide 10ml (0.21mol), the concentrated hydrochloric acid 120ml, the water 120ml that add concentration 50wt%, being stirred to solid all dissolves, standing demix, water adds acetone 550ml, add triethylamine and transfer pH to 3.0, filter, the 100ml washing with acetone, vacuum-drying gets off-white color solid 52g (molar yield 91%), content 85.3%, KF:4.9%, chloride ion content 9.2%, i.e. the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate (formula 1).
The preparation of [embodiment 2] cefpirome vitriol
N, dinethylformamide 350ml (DMF), water 125ml, cefpirome intermediate mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate 40g (by embodiment 1 preparation), 2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic,thiobenzothiazole ester 42g places reaction flask, is cooled to 0～5 ℃, drips triethylamine 13.5ml, add rear insulated and stirred 4hr, add methylene dichloride 480ml, stir 30mins, standing demix, water adds gac 10g decolouring, filter, filtrate is sulfuric acid accent pH1.2～1.5 of 40wt% with concentration, adds 2500ml acetone under the normal temperature, be cooled to 0～5 ℃ and stir 1hr, filter, 200ml washing with acetone filter cake, vacuum-drying gets white solid 56.6g, content 86.4%, HPLC purity＞99% is cefpirome vitriol, molar yield 92.5%.
Synthesizing of [embodiment 3] cefpirome intermediate (formula 1, wherein HX is HI) monohydrate
Step (1) as described in Example 1, difference is: the solution to formula 5 compounds splashes among methyl alcohol 120ml, the water 80ml, add rear stirring 2hr, filter, filter cake washs with methyl alcohol 150ml, vacuum-drying gets off-white color product 64.9g (molar yield 92.1%), content 69.1%, purity＞98% (HPLC), KF:3.9%, iodide ion content: 26.9%, be cefpirome intermediate hydriodate monohydrate.
Synthesizing of [embodiment 4] cefpirome vitriol
As described in Example 2, difference is the cefpirome intermediate hydriodate monohydrate 50g that in the reaction cefpirome intermediate mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate is replaced with embodiment 3 preparations, and other condition is constant.The final white solid 56g that gets, content 87.1%, HPLC purity＞99% is cefpirome vitriol, molar yield 91%.
The preparation of [embodiment 5] cefpirome intermediate (formula 1, wherein HX is HCl) monohydrate
(1) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 4) 45g (0.165mol), methylene dichloride 165ml, N, two trimethylsilyl ethanamide (BSA) 106ml (0.43mol) of O-put in the reaction flask, stirring at room 3 hours, add N under the ice bath, accelerine 27.9ml (0.22mol), TMSI (45.9g, 0.23mol), room temperature reaction 3hr, be cooled to 0～5 ℃, add 2,3-cyclopenta pyridine 27ml (0.205mol), 5～10 ℃ of temperature controls stir 5hr, obtain the solution of formula 5 compounds;
(2) solution to formula 5 compounds of above preparation drips methyl alcohol 45ml, reaction 10mins, add iron trichloride 36g (0.22mol), concentrated hydrochloric acid 135ml, water 135ml, being stirred to solid all dissolves, standing demix, water adds acetone 620ml, add triethylamine and transfer pH to 3.0, filter, the 120ml washing with acetone, vacuum-drying gets off-white color solid 58g (molar yield 90.2%), content 85.1%, KF:4.8%, chloride ion content: 9.4%, i.e. the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate (formula 1).
Synthesizing of [embodiment 6] cefpirome intermediate (formula 1, wherein HX is HI) monohydrate
Step (1) as described in Example 5, difference is: the solution to formula 5 compounds splashes among ethanol 160ml, the water 80ml, add rear stirring 2hr, filter, filter cake washs with ethanol 150ml, vacuum-drying gets off-white color product 72.1g (molar yield 90.7%), content 68.9%, purity 98% (HPLC), KF:3.8%, iodide ion content: 26.8%, be cefpirome intermediate hydriodate monohydrate.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of the monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound,
HX is HCl in the formula 1;
Comprise that step is as follows:
(1) take 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid as raw material, be dissolved in the dichloromethane solvent, use silylating reagent protection amino and carboxyl to get formula 3 compounds,
Add acid binding agent and Iodotrimethylsilane under the ice bath, formula 3 compounds are reacting in the presence of the acid binding agent with under Iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) room temperature, obtain iodo product formula 4 compounds, then be cooled to 0～5 ℃, add cyclopenta pyridine, formula 4 compounds and cyclopenta pyridine reaction obtain formula 5 compounds
Described Fu's acid agent is DMA or N, the N-Diethyl Aniline;
(2) in the solution of formula 5 compounds that step (1) makes, add methyl alcohol, stirred 10～15 minutes, add oxygenant, oxygenant is iron trichloride or concentration 40～50wt% hydrogen peroxide, the oxygenant consumption is 0.8～5 times of molar weight of TMSI in the step (1), adds hydrochloric acid, extracts, the crystallization aftertreatment, obtain the monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound, wherein HX is HCl.
2. the monohydrate preparation method of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described silylating reagent is selected from hexamethyldisilazane, N in the step (1), the two trimethylsilyl ethanamides of O-or trimethylchlorosilane.
3. the preparation method of the monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the oxygenant consumption is 0.9～2 times of molar weight of TMSI consumption in the step (1) in the step (2).
4. the preparation method of the monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the used hydrochloric acid of step (2) is the concentrated hydrochloric acid of massfraction 35～37%.
5. the preparation method of the monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate formula 1 compound as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid 40～50g, methylene dichloride 150～200ml, hexamethyldisilazane 40～50ml put in the reaction flask, be heated to and refluxed 8 hours, add N under the ice bath, N-Diethyl Aniline 28～35ml, Iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) 40～50g, room temperature reaction 3hr is cooled to 0～5 ℃, add 2,3-cyclopenta pyridine 24～30ml, 5～10 ℃ of temperature controls stir 5hr, obtain the solution of formula 5 compounds;
(2) solution to formula 5 compounds of step (1) preparation drips methyl alcohol 40～50ml, reaction 10mins, add hydrogen peroxide 10～13ml, concentrated hydrochloric acid 120～150ml, the water 120～150ml of concentration 40～50wt%, be stirred to solid and all dissolve, standing demix, water adds acetone 550～700ml, add triethylamine and transfer pH to 3.0, filter 100～120ml washing with acetone, vacuum-drying gets the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate of cefpirome intermediate, and HX is HCl in the formula 1.
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| CN105254693B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-12-22 | 周金华 | A kind of synthetic method of tylonolide |
| CN106632032B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-08-06 | 华润双鹤药业股份有限公司 | Dequalinium Chloride and preparation method thereof |
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| US4714760A (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-12-22 | Bristol-Myers Company | Cephalosporin intermediates |
| CN101066974A (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2007-11-07 | 苏州中联化学制药有限公司 | Synthesis process of cefpirome sulfate as antibiotic |
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| US4714760A (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-12-22 | Bristol-Myers Company | Cephalosporin intermediates |
| CN101066974A (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2007-11-07 | 苏州中联化学制药有限公司 | Synthesis process of cefpirome sulfate as antibiotic |
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