The preparation method of cefpirome midbody and cefpirome
Technical field
The present invention relates to the compound method of cefpirome midbody high-purity hydrogen halate and cefpirome, belong to technical field of medicine synthesis.
Background technology
Cephalosporins (Cephalosporins) is the cephalosporin that extracts by in the crown head spore rhzomorph nutrient solution, a series of semisynthetic antibiotics that obtain through transforming side chain.Its advantage is: has a broad antifungal spectrum, and more stable to β-Nei Xiananmei sour and that various bacterium produced.In several kinds of cynnematins that gone on the market, salt cephalosporin compound (ceftazime, cefepime, cefpirome) occupies critical role.Cefpirome Sulfate belong to the 4th generation cynnematin, have has a broad antifungal spectrum, anti-microbial effect strong, to advantages such as the stability height of β-Nei Xiananmei, medication better tolerance, be a kind of up-and-coming microbiotic.
The key intermediate of synthetic Cefpirome Sulfate be (6R, 7R)-amino 3-{ (2, the 3-cyclopentenes-pyridine) methyl of 7-cephalo-3-alkene-4-carboxylic acid, the structural formula of its halogen acid salt is following, abbreviation formula 1 compound:
HX is HCl or HI in
formula 1.
About in the preparation method of formula 1 compound; The synthetic route of widespread use is in the prior art: with 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 2) is raw material; Get formula 3 through silylating reagent protection amino and carboxyl, with trimethyl silicane iodine (TMSI) reaction production 4, formula 4 and pyridine reaction production 5; Remove the protection base afterwards and get the cefpirome midbody through extraction, crystallization, synthetic route is following:
About the crystallization of formula 1 compound, there is patent to disclose the dihydrochloride and two hydriodates of formula 1, like the preparation of cefpirome midbody (formula 1) two hydriodates mentioned among the Chinese patent CN1587267A (CN200410069514.9); Iodotrimethylsilane is in acetonitrile; Add 2,3-cyclopenta pyridine and cefotaxime are in 5 ℃ of reactions; The hydrochloric acid soln that adds potassiumiodide then, product washing, dry cefpirome two hydriodates that get; Two hydriodates that this method obtains are second-rate, need to come purifying and be converted into dihydrochloride just can be used for next step reaction through loaded down with trivial details anion-exchange resin column, and complex operation, yield is low.
In addition, the shortcoming of traditional method also has:
1, the iodine of using in the production finally disperses to be present in respectively to go on foot in the waste liquid with the form of iodide ion; Make the three wastes in producing be difficult to handle recovery; Expensive iodine is proportion very big (15~20%) in the production cost of midbody formula 1; Arbitrarily discharge if contain the iodine waste liquid, not only cause a large amount of wastes of iodine and the raising greatly of cost, also will cause the severe contamination of environment.
2, reactant is more loaded down with trivial details in post-processing operation such as deprotection, dissolving, extractive crystallizations, and has passed through conditions such as strong acid, has caused the loss of yield; Need use a large amount of solvents during crystallization; Production cost is high, therefore, seeks a kind of more simply, more the crystallization condition of optimization is significant.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of compound method of cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound of suitable suitability for industrialized production, and provides and utilize this method synthetic cefpirome intermediate preparation cefpirome.
Cefpirome midbody according to the invention be (6R, 7R)-amino 3-{ (2, the 3-cyclopentenes-pyridine) methyl of 7-the halogen acid salt of cephalo-3-alkene-4-carboxylic acid, structural formula is suc as formula shown in 1.Crystallized form preferably include (6R, 7R)-amino 3-{ (2, the 3-cyclopentenes-pyridine) methyl of 7-the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate or the hydriodate monohydrate of cephalo-3-alkene-4-carboxylic acid.
The technical scheme of invention is following:
A kind of compound method of cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound of suitable suitability for industrialized production,
HX is HCl or HI in
formula 1;
Comprise that step is following:
(1) be raw material with the 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid, be dissolved in the methyl chloride solvent, use silylating reagent protection amino and carboxyl to get formula 3 compounds,
Formula 3
Ice bath adds acid binding agent and Iodotrimethylsilane down; Formula 3 compounds are reacting in the presence of the acid binding agent Yu under Iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) room temperature; Obtain iodo product formula 4 compounds, be cooled to 0~5 ℃ then, add cyclopenta pyridine; Formula 4 compounds and cyclopenta pyridine reaction obtain formula 5 compounds
Formula 4 formulas 5
(2) in the solution of formula 5 compounds that step (1) makes, drip methyl alcohol; Stirred 10~15 minutes, and added oxygenant, the oxygenant consumption is 0.8~5 times of molar weight of TMSI in the step (1); Add hydrochloric acid; Extract, the crystallization aftertreatment, obtain cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound, wherein HX is HCl.Perhaps,
The solution of formula 5 compounds that (3) step (1) made drops in the mixed solvent of organic solvent and water, stirs 0.5~5hr, filters, washs aftertreatment, obtains cefepime midbody formula 1 compound, and wherein HX is HI.Described organic solvent comprises: alcohol, ketone, nitrile or acid amides, the volume ratio of organic solvent and water are 1~10: 1.
Described silylating reagent is selected from hexamethyldisilazane, N, the two silica-based ethanamides of front three of O-, trimethylchlorosilane, bromotrimethylsilane or Iodotrimethylsilane; Described Fu's acid agent comprises N, accelerine, N, N-Diethyl Aniline, triethylamine, Tributylamine, ethene, cyclopentenes, tetrahydrobenzene, propylene oxide etc.; Described oxygenant is selected from abilities such as nitric acid, ydrogen peroxide 50, SRM 935a, Youxiaolin, potassium permanganate, Peracetic Acid or ferric ion will contain all oxides that iodide ion is oxidized to elemental iodine, and its consumption is 0.8~5 times of molar weight of TMSI in the reaction.
Preferred according to the present invention, silylating reagent is selected from hexamethyldisilazane, N described in the step (1), two silica-based ethanamides of front three of O-or trimethylchlorosilane;
Preferred according to the present invention, the acid of Fu described in the step (1) agent is selected from N, accelerine, N, N-Diethyl Aniline, triethylamine or tetrahydrobenzene;
Preferred according to the present invention, oxygenant is selected from the nontoxic again oxide compounds of environmental protection such as ydrogen peroxide 50, iron trichloride or Peracetic Acid described in the step (2), and the oxygenant consumption is preferably 0.5~2 times of molar weight of TMSI consumption in the step (1).Wherein, the further preferred ydrogen peroxide 50 of said oxygenant.The concentration of ydrogen peroxide 50 is preferably 40~50wt% especially.
Preferred according to the present invention, the consumption of the methyl alcohol of dropping described in the step (2) and the ratio of step (1) raw material 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid consumption are 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid: methyl alcohol=1: 1~1.5 mass volume ratios, the g/ml of unit.
Preferred according to the present invention, used hydrochloric acid is concentrated hydrochloric acid in the step (2), and massfraction is 35~37%.
Further preferred; The described organic solvent of step (3) is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, propyl carbinol, acetone, acetonitrile, N; Dinethylformamide (DMF) or DMAC N,N (DMAC), the volume ratio of organic solvent and water is preferably (1~5) in the mixed solvent: 1.
Utilize synthetic cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound cefpirome of the present invention, continue following steps:
(4) prepared cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound (HX is HCl or HI) is added N, in the mixed solution of dinethylformamide and water, add 2-cis methoxy imino-2-(thiazolamine base-4) acetate active ester (MAEM) and be cooled to 0~5 ℃; Drip triethylamine, insulated and stirred 3-4hr adds methylene dichloride and stirs; Standing demix, water adds activated carbon decolorizing, and filtrating is transferred pH=1.2~1.5 with 40wt% sulfuric acid; Normal temperature adds acetone down, is cooled to 0~5 ℃ and stirs 1-1.5hr, filters; Washing with acetone filter cake, vacuum-drying get cefpirome vitriol.
The preferred scheme according to the present invention, step is following:
(1) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 4) 40~50g, methylene dichloride 150~200ml, hexamethyldisilazane 45~50ml put in the reaction flask, are heated to reflux 8 hours, and ice bath adds N down; N-Diethyl Aniline 28~30ml, Iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) 40~42g, room temperature reaction 3hr is cooled to 0~5 ℃; Add 2; 3-cyclopenta pyridine 24~26ml, temperature control stirs 5hr for 5~10 ℃, obtains the solution of formula 5 compounds;
(2) solution to formula 5 compounds of step (1) preparation drips methyl alcohol 40~60ml, and reaction 10mins adds ydrogen peroxide 50 10~12ml, concentrated hydrochloric acid 120~150ml, the water 120~150ml of concentration 40-50wt%; Be stirred to solid and all dissolve, standing demix, water adds acetone 550~600ml; Add triethylamine and transfer pH to 3.0, filter 100~120ml washing with acetone; Vacuum-drying gets the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate (formula 1, wherein HX is HCl) of cefpirome midbody.Perhaps,
(3) solution with formula 5 compounds of step (1) preparation splashes among methyl alcohol 120~150ml, the water 90~100ml; Add the back and stir 2hr, filter, filter cake washs with methyl alcohol 150~170ml; Vacuum-drying gets cefpirome midbody hydriodate monohydrate (formula 1, wherein HX is HI).
Technical characterstic of the present invention and excellent results:
1, the compound method of cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound of the present invention; Select the nontoxic again oxide compound of environmental protection that various forms of iodine are oxidized to elemental iodine in the step (2); Expensive iodine is concentrated be present in the organic phase, can a step obtain highly purified mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate like this, the processing that contains the iodine waste liquid is reclaimed obviously simplify; The efficient recovery of iodine had both been avoided the pollution to environment, had practiced thrift production cost again greatly.
2, the compound method of cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound of the present invention, the method that obtains formula 1 compound in the step (3) has been removed adding methyl alcohol deprotection in the traditional technology, hcl as extraction agent; Add the loaded down with trivial details flow process of a large amount of acetone crystalline at last, but adopt deprotection and crystallization, directly obtain the hydriodate monohydrate of formula 1 compound with the method for running on foot; This technology is not only simple to operate, has also saved the mass crystallization solvent, has reduced the discharging of the three wastes; And simplified technical process greatly, and effectively improved yield, avoided the use of concentrated acid simultaneously; Help the protection of production unit, whole technology more is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
3, the cefpirome midbody formula 1 compound yield of the inventive method preparation is high; Molar yield is greater than 91%; Purity good (purity>98%); Need not make with extra care and directly to be used for the synthetic of cefpirome, save the waste of refining needed complicated processes and raw material greatly, cost is obviously reduced.
4, utilize the cefpirome purity of cefpirome intermediate preparation of the inventive method preparation high, yield is good, HPLC purity>99% of gained cefpirome, molar yield>90%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the high-efficient liquid phase chromatogram of the cefpirome midbody mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate product of embodiment 1 preparation;
Fig. 2 is the high-efficient liquid phase chromatogram of the cefpirome midbody hydriodate monohydrate product of embodiment 3 preparations;
Among Fig. 1, Fig. 2, ordinate zou is intensity (A.U.), and X-coordinate is a time (unit: min).
Fig. 3 is the infrared spectrogram of reference standards cefpirome sulfate product;
Fig. 4 is the infrared spectrogram of the cefpirome sulfate product of embodiment 2 preparations;
Among Fig. 3, Fig. 4, ordinate zou is transmitance (%), and X-coordinate is a wave number (unit: cm
-1).
Embodiment
Below pass through the embodiment of embodiment form; Foregoing of the present invention is done further explanation; But should this scope that is interpreted as the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only not limited to following examples, all technology that realizes based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.The auxiliary material of each formulation can be replaced with acceptable accessories in following examples, perhaps reduces, increases.Used concentrated hydrochloric acid massfraction is 36% among the embodiment.
The preparation of [embodiment 1] cefpirome midbody (formula 1, wherein HX is HCl) monohydrate
(1) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 4) 40g (0.147mol), methylene dichloride 150ml, hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) 48ml (0.23mol) put in the reaction flask, are heated to reflux 8 hours, and ice bath adds N down; N-Diethyl Aniline 29ml (0.18mol), TMSI (40.8g, 0.204mol), room temperature reaction 3hr; Be cooled to 0~5 ℃, add 2,3-cyclopenta pyridine 24ml (0.182mol); Temperature control stirs 5hr for 5~10 ℃, obtains the solution of formula 5 compounds;
(2) solution to formula 5 compounds of above preparation drips methyl alcohol 40ml, and reaction 10mins adds ydrogen peroxide 50 10ml (0.21mol), concentrated hydrochloric acid 120ml, the water 120ml of concentration 50wt%; Be stirred to solid and all dissolve, standing demix, water adds acetone 550ml; Add triethylamine and transfer pH to 3.0, filter the 100ml washing with acetone; Vacuum-drying gets off-white color solid 52g (molar yield 91%), content 85.3%, KF:4.9%; Chloride ion content 9.2%, i.e. the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate of cefpirome midbody (formula 1).
The preparation of [embodiment 2] cefpirome vitriol
N, dinethylformamide 350ml (DMF), water 125ml, cefpirome midbody mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate 40g (by embodiment 1 preparation), AE-active ester 42g place reaction flask; Be cooled to 0~5 ℃, drip triethylamine 13.5ml, add back insulated and stirred 4hr, add methylene dichloride 480ml; Stir 30mins, standing demix, water add gac 10g decolouring, filter; Filtrating uses concentration to transfer pH1.2~1.5 as the sulfuric acid of 40wt%, and normal temperature adds 2500ml acetone down, is cooled to 0~5 ℃ and stirs 1hr, filters; 200ml washing with acetone filter cake, vacuum-drying gets white solid 56.6g, content 86.4%; HPLC purity>99% is cefpirome vitriol, molar yield 92.5%.
Synthesizing of [embodiment 3] cefpirome midbody (formula 1, wherein HX is HI) monohydrate
Step (1) is of embodiment 1, and different is: the solution to formula 5 compounds splashes among methyl alcohol 120ml, the water 80ml, adds the back and stirs 2hr; Filter, filter cake is with methyl alcohol 150ml washing, and vacuum-drying gets off-white color product 64.9g (molar yield 92.1%); Content 69.1%, purity>98% (HPLC), KF:3.9%; Iodide ion content: 26.9%, be cefpirome midbody hydriodate monohydrate.
Synthesizing of [embodiment 4] cefpirome vitriol
Of embodiment 2, different is in the reaction cefpirome midbody mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate to be replaced with the cefpirome midbody hydriodate monohydrate 50g that embodiment 3 prepares, and other condition is constant.The final white solid 56g that gets, content 87.1%, HPLC purity>99% is cefpirome vitriol, molar yield 91%.
The preparation of [embodiment 5] cefpirome midbody (formula 1, wherein HX is HCl) monohydrate
(1) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (formula 4) 45g (0.165mol), methylene dichloride 165ml, N, the two silica-based ethanamide of front three (BSA) 106ml (0.43mol) of O-put in the reaction flask stirring at room 3 hours; Ice bath adds down N, and accelerine 27.9ml (0.22mol), TMSI (45.9g, 0.23mol); Room temperature reaction 3hr is cooled to 0~5 ℃, adds 2; 3-cyclopenta pyridine 27ml (0.205mol), temperature control stirs 5hr for 5~10 ℃, obtains the solution of formula 5 compounds;
(2) solution to formula 5 compounds of above preparation drips methyl alcohol 45ml, and reaction 10mins adds iron trichloride 36g (0.22mol), concentrated hydrochloric acid 135ml, water 135ml; Be stirred to solid and all dissolve, standing demix, water adds acetone 620ml; Add triethylamine and transfer pH to 3.0, filter the 120ml washing with acetone; Vacuum-drying gets off-white color solid 58g (molar yield 90.2%), content 85.1%, KF:4.8%; Chloride ion content: 9.4%, i.e. the mono-hydrochloric salts monohydrate of cefpirome midbody (formula 1).
Synthesizing of [embodiment 6] cefpirome midbody (formula 1, wherein HX is HI) monohydrate
Step (1) is of embodiment 5, and different is: the solution to formula 5 compounds splashes among ethanol 160ml, the water 80ml, adds the back and stirs 2hr; Filter, filter cake is with ethanol 150ml washing, and vacuum-drying gets off-white color product 72.1g (molar yield 90.7%); Content 68.9%, purity 98% (HPLC), KF:3.8%; Iodide ion content: 26.8%, be cefpirome midbody hydriodate monohydrate.