CN108110293B - Self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution - Google Patents
Self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution, which comprises a shell, a device sealing cover, a transmission mechanism, an anode chamber and an external circuit, wherein the device sealing cover is arranged on the shell; the device shell comprises a self-breathing cathode and a supporting mechanism, the supporting mechanism is divided into a conductive part and an insulating part, the side wall of the shell is respectively provided with a water inlet, a water outlet and a transmission shaft hole, the cathode wraps the anode chamber, a plurality of anodes in the anode chamber are arranged in an array mode, the bottoms of the anodes are provided with threaded structures and form worm transmission with the transmission shaft, and the electrodes are connected with wires to be connected with a traditional mechanism through the device shell or a sealing cover. The invention has the advantages that: the invention promotes the attachment of electrogenesis bacteria and greatly reduces the internal resistance of the battery by the matching of the array distribution anode and the self-breathing cathode, so that the sewage is purified and the electricity is generated at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell, in particular to a self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution.
Background
Microbial fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy in organic matter directly into electrical energy with the aid of a variety of microorganisms. Compared with the traditional fuel cell, the microbial fuel cell utilizes microbes to replace expensive chemical catalysts, can purify sewage while generating energy, and has huge development prospect. The microbial fuel cell mainly comprises an anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a diaphragm (mostly a proton exchange membrane) in the middle. The basic working principle of the microbial fuel cell is as follows: under the anaerobic environment, the microbes suspended in the anode chamber decompose complex macromolecular organic matters into small molecular organic matters, the microbial community attached to the surface of the anode further decomposes the small molecular organic matters and part of the macromolecular organic matters, electrons and protons are generated simultaneously, the electrons are transferred to the anode in different modes and reach the cathode through an external circuit, the protons reach the cathode chamber through an intermediate proton exchange membrane, and an oxidant (generally oxygen or potassium ferricyanide solution) performs a reduction reaction with the electrons and the protons at the cathode to form a complete current loop.
But the microbial fuel cell has low productivity at the present stage, and is not enough for practical application and popularization. Although the energy density of a cell increases rapidly with the continuous improvement of the configuration of electrodes and reactors of microbial fuel cells, the following problems still remain: the specific surface area of the anode electrode is small, so that the attachment and growth of microorganisms are not facilitated; the performance of the battery is improved by adding more magnetic stirring devices in a laboratory, but the energy consumption is undoubtedly increased, and the magnetic stirring devices cannot be added in practical application; the cathode chamber is aerated more to promote the reduction reaction, but the cost is increased; the cost of the proton exchange membrane is too high, and the internal resistance of the cell is easily increased; the batteries mostly work intermittently, and wastewater needs to be replaced periodically, which is not beneficial to practical application; the new cell reactors are complex in structure and many are not scalable.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution, which has a simple structure, greatly reduces the cost, is beneficial to the attachment and growth of microbes, and greatly improves the practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution, which has a simple structure, greatly reduces the cost, is beneficial to the attachment and growth of microbes and greatly improves the practical application.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution has the innovation points that: the shell comprises a supporting mechanism and a self-breathing cathode, the supporting mechanism comprises an insulating supporting substrate sealing cover and a conductive supporting body arranged on the insulating supporting substrate sealing cover, the self-breathing cathode is tightly attached to the outer side surface of the conductive supporting body, and the bottoms of the conductive supporting body and the cathode are fixedly connected with the insulating supporting substrate sealing cover; the side wall of the shell is also respectively provided with a water inlet, a water outlet and a transmission shaft hole;
a plurality of anodes arranged in an array mode are arranged in the shell, the bottom of each anode is provided with an external thread cylindrical structure, and the shell wraps each anode to form an anode chamber;
the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft and a driving mechanism for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, the transmission shaft is arranged in the anode chamber through a transmission shaft hole, and the bottom of the anode is provided with an external thread cylindrical structure which forms a worm transmission mechanism with the transmission shaft;
the upper ends of the self-breathing cathode and the anode are provided with conductive terminals connected with wires, the anode terminal is arranged on the device sealing cover through a fixing device, and the anode wires are connected into a whole and form an external circuit with the self-breathing cathode wires.
Further, the self-breathing cathode is a carbon material prepared by carbonizing natural plants.
Further, the self-breathing cathode is carbon powder, activated carbon or graphite particles, and the cathode material and polytetrafluoroethylene or perfluorosulfonic acid are mixed and fixed on the outer side of the support body.
Further, the anode is a carbon rod, a carbon brush, a graphite rod or a metal-based material.
Further, the water passing through the water inlet is organic sewage.
Further, the organic sewage is any one of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater or livestock wastewater.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on the anode array distribution, the plurality of anodes are distributed in an array manner, so that the total specific surface area of the anodes in unit volume of the cell is greatly increased, self-stirring of the anodes in the device is realized by means of self energy, the degradation of microbes is promoted, and the electron transfer efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the self-breathing air cathode is adopted, aeration is not needed, the structure is simple, and the cost is greatly reduced; in addition, the arrangement of the structure can select to add or remove the proton exchange membrane according to the requirement, can select a sequencing batch mode or a continuous mode according to the requirement, can adjust the size according to the actual application requirement and can expand infinitely, and the actual application value is high;
(2) the invention relates to a self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution, wherein water passing through a water inlet takes various organic sewages such as domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastes and the like as substrates, and generates electric energy while treating the sewage;
(3) the self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution takes the conductive material or the green plant with better biocompatibility as the electrode material, has low price, does not release greenhouse effect gas carbon dioxide in the electricity production process, and is a clean energy production device.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is an isometric view of the housing of the self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on the distribution of an anode array of example 1.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of the sealing cap of the device in the self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on the distribution of the anode array of example 1.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the housing of the self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on the distribution of the anode array of example 2.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments described herein.
Example 1
The self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, comprises a housing, a device sealing cover 11 disposed on the upper end surface of the housing, a transmission mechanism and an external circuit.
The shell comprises a supporting mechanism and a self-breathing cathode 1, wherein the self-breathing cathode 1 is a hollow cylindrical carbonized natural bamboo charcoal tube; the supporting mechanism comprises an insulating supporting substrate sealing cover 9 and a cylindrical titanium mesh supporting body 2, a self-breathing cathode 1 is tightly attached to the outer side surface of the cylindrical titanium mesh supporting body 2, and the bottoms of the titanium mesh supporting body 2 and the cathode 1 are fixedly connected with the insulating supporting substrate sealing cover; a proton exchange membrane 3 is arranged between the self-breathing cathode 1 and the cylindrical titanium net support body 2, and the side wall of the shell is also respectively provided with a water inlet 7, a water outlet 10 and four transmission shaft holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the shell.
Be equipped with a plurality of positive poles 4 that are groined type array and arrange on the sealed lid 9 of insulating support base, positive pole 4 upper end is the carbon fiber brush, and each positive pole 4 bottom is equipped with insulating external screw thread cylinder structure, and each positive pole 4 of shell parcel, and then forms an anode chamber.
The transmission mechanism comprises four transmission shafts 5 and a driving mechanism for driving the transmission shafts 5 to rotate, the transmission shafts 5 are arranged in the anode chamber through transmission shaft holes, the bottom of the anode is provided with an external thread cylindrical structure, the external thread cylindrical structure and the transmission shafts 5 form four groups of worm transmission mechanisms, and the four groups of worm transmission mechanisms are driven by four engines 8.
The upper end of the self-breathing cathode 1 is provided with a conductive terminal 6 connected with a lead, the anode terminal is arranged on a device sealing cover 11 through a fixing device 12, the device sealing cover 11 is used for keeping the anaerobic environment of the anode chamber, and the anode lead is connected into a whole and forms an external circuit with each lead of the self-breathing cathode 1.
Pretreated sewage flows into the anode chamber through the water inlet 7, organic matters in the sewage generate electrons and protons under the synergistic action of suspended microorganisms in the anode chamber and microorganisms attached to the surface of the anode 4, the protons are transferred to the cathode 1 through the proton exchange membrane 3, the electrons reach the cathode 1 through an external circuit, the self-breathing cathode 1 takes oxygen as an electron acceptor to perform three-phase reduction reaction to form a complete current loop, so that the fuel cell device generates electric energy while treating the sewage, the generated electric energy drives an external load and the engine 8 to operate, the engine 8 drives the worm transmission mechanism to enable the anode 4 to axially rotate, the electron transfer and the uniform distribution of the microorganisms in the anode chamber are promoted, the treated sewage or waste is discharged through the water outlet 9, and the sewage in the anode chamber is periodically replaced.
Example 2
In the self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on the anode array distribution of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof will be omitted.
The self-breathing cathode 1 is a hollow cuboid graphite plate, the supporting mechanism is divided into a conductive part and an insulating part, the conductive part is a cuboid titanium mesh 2, the outer size of the conductive part is the same as that of the inner wall of the self-breathing cathode 1, the insulating part is a supporting substrate sealing cover 9, the self-breathing cathode 1 and the supporting body 2 jointly form a battery device shell, and a water inlet 7, a water outlet 9 and a transmission shaft hole are formed in the self-breathing cathode 1.
A plurality of anodes in the anode chamber are distributed according to a linear array, conductive parts of the anodes 4 are carbon rods, the insulating bottom is a cylinder with external threads, and the cylinder and a transmission shaft 5 in a transmission device form a group of worm and gear mechanisms which are driven by an engine 8. The top of each electrode is provided with an electrode terminal for receiving and transmitting current to supply power to the load and the engine through the lead. The anode terminal and its fixing device 12 are arranged in the sealing cover 11 to maintain the anaerobic environment of the anode chamber. The anode wires of the anode chamber are connected into a whole and form an external circuit with the wires of the self-breathing cathode 1.
Pretreated sewage flows into the anode chamber through the water inlet 7, organic matters in the sewage generate electrons and protons under the synergistic action of suspended microorganisms in the anode chamber and microorganisms attached to the surface of the anode 4, the protons migrate to the self-breathing cathode 1 through water flow, the electrons reach the self-breathing cathode 1 through an external circuit, the self-breathing cathode 1 takes oxygen as an electron acceptor to perform three-phase reduction reaction to form a complete current loop, so that the fuel cell device generates electric energy while treating the sewage, the generated electric energy drives an external load and the engine 8 to operate, the engine 8 drives the worm transmission mechanism to axially rotate the anode, the electron transfer and the uniform distribution of the microorganisms in the anode chamber are promoted, the treated sewage or waste materials are discharged through the water outlet 9, and the sewage in the anode chamber is periodically replaced.
In order to highlight the advantages of the microbial fuel cell devices of the present invention, the microbial fuel cell devices of examples 1-2 were compared with conventional microbial fuel cell devices, and the results of the comparison were as follows:
the above table shows that the invention adopts a plurality of anodes distributed in an array, greatly increases the total specific surface area of the anodes in unit volume of the battery, realizes self-stirring of the anodes in the device by means of self energy, promotes the degradation of microorganisms, improves the electron transfer efficiency, and has the transfer efficiency of more than 80 percent; meanwhile, the self-breathing air cathode is adopted, aeration is not needed, the structure is simple, the cost is greatly reduced, and the cost can be reduced to be below 800 yuan; in addition, the arrangement of the structure can select to add or remove the proton exchange membrane according to the requirement, can select a sequencing batch mode or a continuous mode according to the requirement, can adjust the size according to the actual application requirement and can expand infinitely, and the actual application value is high.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution is characterized in that: comprises a shell, a device sealing cover arranged on the upper end surface of the shell, a transmission mechanism and an external circuit; the shell comprises a supporting mechanism and a self-breathing cathode, the supporting mechanism comprises an insulating supporting substrate sealing cover and a conductive supporting body arranged on the insulating supporting substrate sealing cover, the self-breathing cathode is tightly attached to the outer side surface of the conductive supporting body, and the bottoms of the conductive supporting body and the cathode are fixedly connected with the insulating supporting substrate sealing cover; the side wall of the shell is also respectively provided with a water inlet, a water outlet and a transmission shaft hole; a plurality of anodes arranged in an array mode are arranged in the shell, the bottom of each anode is provided with an external thread cylindrical structure, and the shell wraps each anode to form an anode chamber; the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft and a driving mechanism for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, the transmission shaft is arranged in the anode chamber through a transmission shaft hole, and the bottom of the anode is provided with an external thread cylindrical structure which forms a worm transmission mechanism with the transmission shaft; the upper ends of the self-breathing cathode and the anode are provided with conductive terminals connected with wires, the anode terminal is arranged on the device sealing cover through a fixing device, and the anode wires are connected into a whole and form an external circuit with the self-breathing cathode wires.
2. The anode array distribution based self-breathing microbial fuel cell device of claim 1, wherein: the self-breathing cathode is a carbon material prepared by carbonizing natural plants.
3. The anode array distribution based self-breathing microbial fuel cell device of claim 1, wherein: the self-breathing cathode is carbon powder, activated carbon or graphite particles, and the cathode material and polytetrafluoroethylene or perfluorosulfonic acid are mixed and fixed on the outer side of the support body.
4. The anode array distribution based self-breathing microbial fuel cell device of claim 1, wherein: the anode is a carbon rod, a carbon brush or a metal-based material.
5. The anode array distribution based self-breathing microbial fuel cell device of claim 1, wherein: the water passing through the water inlet is organic sewage.
6. The anode array distribution based self-breathing microbial fuel cell device of claim 5, wherein: the organic sewage is any one of domestic sewage, industrial sewage, agricultural sewage or livestock and poultry sewage.
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| CN201711385464.9A CN108110293B (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | Self-breathing microbial fuel cell device based on anode array distribution |
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| US6299998B1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2001-10-09 | Reveo, Inc. | Movable anode fuel cell battery |
| CN101587963B (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-01-12 | 南通大学 | Cylindrical self-breathing prorton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN102306816B (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-12-11 | 华南理工大学 | Array tube type auto-respiration direct methanol fuel battery system |
| CN103268950A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江大学 | Rotating disc type film-coated mediated ammoxidation microbiological fuel cell |
| CN105552416B (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2018-06-19 | 山东星火科学技术研究院 | A kind of microbiological fuel cell |
| CN106505233B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2019-03-19 | 重庆大学 | A kind of microbiological fuel cell of bamboo charcoal bundled tube bubbling air cathode construction |
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