CN108104755B - Oil pipe unfreezing method - Google Patents
Oil pipe unfreezing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108104755B CN108104755B CN201611062432.0A CN201611062432A CN108104755B CN 108104755 B CN108104755 B CN 108104755B CN 201611062432 A CN201611062432 A CN 201611062432A CN 108104755 B CN108104755 B CN 108104755B
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- workover rig
- drilling tool
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 205
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/002—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe
- E21B29/005—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe with a radially-expansible cutter rotating inside the pipe, e.g. for cutting an annular window
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an oil pipe unfreezing method, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation. The oil pipe unfreezing method comprises the following steps: determining the type of oil pipe jamming, wherein the type comprises a sand clamp, a wax clamp and a sleeve deformation clamp; when the determined type is sand blocking, a top drive is utilized to drive an inverse buckle device connected with the oil pipe to rotate, the inverse buckle device converts the positive rotation of the top drive into the negative rotation of the oil pipe, and the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which is divided by taking a blocking point as a boundary is loosened; when the determined type is a wax card or a sleeve deformation card, a cutting tool which is driven to be lowered into the oil pipe is driven to rotate by a top drive, and the cutting tool cuts an upper section and a lower section of the oil pipe which are divided by taking a clamping point as a boundary; and after the upper section and the lower section are separated, fishing out the upper section, and pressing the lower section to a position below the stuck point to finish the unfreezing of the oil pipe. The invention can realize the releasing of the clamp by being driven by the minor workover rig, the cost is reduced, and the period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to an oil pipe unfreezing method.
Background
With the deep development of oil fields, workover operations become one of the major jobs in oil production. The well repairing operation needs to be carried out by lifting and lowering an oil pipe under most conditions, the phenomenon that the oil pipe is blocked sometimes happens due to the reasons of wax precipitation, sand production, falling of foreign matters, dislocation of layers of stratum and the like of an oil well, and the oil pipe blockage releasing operation is important work of the well repairing operation.
The oil well unfreezing method mainly adopts mechanical unfreezing, and increases the pulling force while vibrating and impacting the oil pipe with certain strength so as to achieve the purpose of unfreezing.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the prior art has at least the following problems:
at present, most work of workover operation is completed by using a small workover rig, the load range of the small workover rig is small, serious oil pipe blockage cannot be treated, and the small workover rig needs to be changed into a major workover rig to carry out, so that the operation cost is greatly increased, and the work period is greatly prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an oil pipe unfreezing method. The technical scheme is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides an oil pipe unfreezing method, which comprises the following steps:
determining the type of oil pipe jamming, wherein the type comprises a sand clamp, a wax clamp and a sleeve deformation clamp;
when the determined type is sand blocking, a top drive is utilized to drive an inverse buckle device connected with the oil pipe to rotate, the inverse buckle device converts the positive rotation of the top drive into the negative rotation of the oil pipe, and the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which is divided by taking a blocking point as a boundary is loosened;
when the determined type is a wax card or a sleeve deformation card, a cutting tool which is driven to be lowered into the oil pipe is driven to rotate by a top drive, and the cutting tool cuts an upper section and a lower section of the oil pipe which are divided by taking a clamping point as a boundary;
and after the upper section and the lower section are separated, fishing out the upper section, and pressing the lower section to a position below the stuck point to finish the unfreezing of the oil pipe.
In a possible implementation manner of the present invention, the determining the type of the stuck oil pipe includes:
when sand is carried in the crude oil, determining the type as sand card;
when the crude oil carries solid wax, determining the type as wax card;
when no sand is carried in the crude oil and no solid wax is carried, the type is determined to be a casing deformation card.
In another possible implementation manner of the present invention, the driving, by the top drive, a reversing device connected to the oil pipe to rotate, where the reversing device converts the positive rotation of the top drive into the negative rotation of the oil pipe, and the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe, which is divided by the clamping point as a boundary, is loosened, including:
connecting the lower part of the back-off device with a back-off fishing tool, wherein the upper part of the back-off device is connected with one end of a first drilling tool, and the other end of the first drilling tool is connected with a workover rig;
running the back-off fishing tool into the well with the tubing using the workover rig through the first drilling tool;
disconnecting the first drilling tool from the workover rig, connecting the first drilling tool to the bottom of the top drive, and connecting the top of the top drive to the workover rig;
applying a lifting force to the first drilling tool through the top drive by using the workover rig, and controlling the top drive to rotate forwards;
the reversing device is driven by the top drive to rotate forwards, so that the oil pipe is driven to rotate reversely;
and when the increment of the rotating speed of the top drive in a preset time period is larger than a preset threshold value, controlling the top drive to stop rotating by using the workover rig.
Optionally, said fishing out said upper section after separating said upper section and said lower section comprises:
and lifting the upper section by using the workover rig, and fishing out the upper section.
Optionally, the oil pipe unfreezing method further includes:
obtaining a first weight of the workover rig suspended object after connecting the top drive with the first drilling tool and the workover rig, respectively;
after the top drive stops rotating, trying to lift the oil pipe to obtain a second weight of the workover rig suspended object;
and when the second weight is larger than the first weight, determining that the oil pipe is successfully unfreezed.
Optionally, the lifting force is 50-100 KN, the pump pressure of the top drive is 5.5-6.5 MPa, and the rotating speed of the top drive is 20-40 r/min.
In another possible implementation manner of the present invention, the rotating the cutting tool driven into the oil pipe by the top drive, the cutting tool cutting the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe, which are divided by using a clamping point as a boundary, includes:
connecting a mechanical inner cutter with one end of a second drilling tool, wherein the other end of the second drilling tool is connected with the bottom of the top drive, and the top of the top drive is connected with a workover rig;
lowering the mechanical inner cutter into the position with the same depth as the clamping point in the oil pipe through the second drilling tool by using the workover rig;
controlling the top drive to rotate positively at a first rotating speed by using the workover rig, and anchoring the mechanical inner cutter in the oil pipe;
controlling the top drive to apply downward pressure to the second drilling tool by using the workover rig, and controlling the top drive to rotate at a second rotating speed, wherein the second rotating speed is greater than the first rotating speed;
and when the increment of the rotating speed of the top drive in a preset time period is larger than a preset threshold value, controlling the top drive to stop rotating by using the workover rig.
Optionally, said fishing out said upper section after separating said upper section and said lower section comprises:
lifting the mechanical inner cutter by using the workover rig, and retreating the mechanical inner cutter to the upper section and locking the upper section;
and lifting the upper section by using the workover rig, and fishing out the upper section.
Optionally, the oil pipe unfreezing method further includes:
and when the torque value of the top drive is not increased, determining that the oil pipe is successfully unfreezed.
Optionally, the downward pressure is 3-5 KN, the first rotating speed is 20r/min, the second rotating speed is 40r/min, and the pump pressure of the top drive is 3.5-4.5 MPa.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the type of the oil pipe blocking is determined, the top driver is used for driving the reversing equipment to perform reversing and releasing when the sand blocks, the top driver is used for driving the cutting tool to perform cutting and releasing when the wax blocks or the deformed blocks are blocked, the adaptive method is adopted for releasing different blocking types, the driving load requirement is low, the releasing can be realized by driving of a small workover rig, the large workover rig with large load capacity is prevented from being used for mechanical releasing, the operation cost is greatly reduced, and the work period is shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1a to fig. 1c are schematic diagrams of application scenarios of an oil pipe unfreezing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for releasing a stuck oil pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another method for freeing a stuck oil pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of another oil pipe unfreezing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1a to fig. 1c are schematic application scenarios of the oil pipe unfreezing method according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1a, when sand or wax is deposited on the inner wall of the casing 10, or the casing 10 is deformed, the gap between the casing 10 and the oil pipe 20 is reduced, and the seizing point 30 is formed. As shown in fig. 1b, the tool 40 sleeved on the tubing 20 may get stuck as it follows the tubing 20 up to the stuck point 30. As shown in fig. 1c, tubing 20 breaks off above the stuck point 30 under the effect of the lifting force and the resistance of the stuck point 30, tubing 20 above the break is lifted out of the well head, and tubing 20 below the break is stuck in the well.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for releasing a stuck oil pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the method for releasing a stuck oil pipe includes:
In this embodiment, the tubular is stuck, which means that the tubular cannot move or rotate in a small range and cannot be lifted. The causes of oil pipe jamming include sand jamming, wax jamming and casing deformation jamming. The sand clamp is a fault that an oil pipe is clamped by sand produced by an oil layer or sand for construction when oil and gas well production or operation construction is carried out; the wax card is the condition that when crude oil is extracted, paraffin in the crude oil is released and deposited on the wall of an oil pipe or a casing pipe due to gradual temperature reduction in the process of rising from the bottom to the ground, and the oil pipe is clamped when a deposited layer forms a certain thickness in an annular space between the oil pipe and the casing pipe (the casing pipe is sleeved outside the oil pipe); the casing deformation clamp is an accident that the casing deforms and is damaged due to the factors that the casing quality does not reach the standard, special construction or stratum stress change, the casing external extrusion pressure is larger than the internal pressure and the like, so that an oil pipe in a well is clamped.
In the embodiment, the types of the oil pipe blockage are divided according to the reasons of the oil pipe blockage, namely the types of the oil pipe blockage comprise a sand clamp, a wax clamp and a sleeve deformation clamp. When the determined type is sand card, executing step 102; when the determined type is a wax card or a sleeve deformation card, step 103 is performed.
In the concrete implementation, a switch of the casing at the wellhead can be opened, crude oil in the casing can flow out, and the type of oil pipe blockage can be determined according to substances carried by the crude oil in the casing. When sand is carried in the crude oil in the casing, determining that the type of oil pipe blockage is sand blockage; when the crude oil in the casing carries solid wax, determining the type of the oil pipe stuck is wax sticking; when neither sand nor solid wax is carried in the crude oil in the casing, determining that the type of the oil pipe stuck is a casing deformation card.
It should be noted that there is no case where sand and solid wax are carried together in practice.
And 102, driving the reversing equipment connected with the oil pipe to rotate by using the top drive, converting the forward rotation of the top drive into the reverse rotation of the oil pipe by the reversing equipment, and loosening the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which is divided by taking the clamping point as a boundary.
In this embodiment, the stuck point is a position where the oil pipe is stuck. The back-off equipment rotates, the oil pipe on the upper section of the clamping point rotates reversely, the oil pipe on the clamping point is clamped, and the threaded connection between the oil pipe on the upper section of the clamping point and the oil pipe on the lower pipe of the clamping point is most easily loosened.
In concrete realization, back-off equipment can be including back-off fishing tool, back-off ware and a plurality of oil pipe of establishing ties in proper order, and a plurality of oil pipes are used for going into back-off fishing tool to the top department of the dead oil pipe of card under, and back-off fishing tool is used for being connected with the dead oil pipe of card, and the back-off ware is used for changing the corotation of top drive into the reversal of the dead oil pipe of card to loosen the threaded connection between the upper segment and the hypomere of the dead oil pipe of card.
It is easy to know that all the oil pipes are connected in series through forward threads, and under the condition that the oil pipe at the lower section is blocked, the oil pipe at the upper section is rotated reversely, so that the threaded connection between the oil pipe at the upper section and the oil pipe at the lower section is loosened, and the oil pipes are mutually independent.
103, driving a cutting tool which is put into the oil pipe to rotate by using a top drive, and cutting the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which are divided by taking the clamping point as a boundary by the cutting tool.
It is easy to know that the oil pipes are connected in series, the cutting tool cuts off the part between the upper section of the oil pipe and the lower section of the oil pipe, and the oil pipe of the upper section and the oil pipe of the lower section are independent.
And 104, after the upper section and the lower section are separated, fishing out the upper section, and pressing the lower section to a position below a stuck point to finish the stuck releasing of the oil pipe. This step 104 is performed after step 102 or step 103.
It is easy to know that after the oil pipe at the upper section and the oil pipe at the lower section are mutually independent, the oil pipe at the upper section can be fished out from the well, and then the oil pipe at the lower section is pressed downwards, and the oil pipe is successfully unfreezed at the position below the clamping point when the oil pipe at the lower section is pressed.
In practical application, after the upper section of the stuck oil pipe is fished out of a wellhead, the connection between the workover rig and the top drive is released, the downhole tool is lowered into the well through a drilling tool consisting of a plurality of oil pipes by using the workover rig, and the stuck oil pipe is pressed to a position below a stuck point by using the knocking of the downhole tool, so that the stuck oil pipe is released.
It should be noted that the top drive is a top drive drilling device, and has the advantages of simple operation, controllable rotating speed and the like. The embodiment utilizes the top drive to drive different tools to rotate respectively to release the stuck oil pipe when various different stuck types are adopted, changes the mode of adopting the large workover rig to lift and lower the tools to release the stuck oil pipe, and reduces the operation cost and the period.
According to the embodiment of the invention, by determining the type of stuck oil pipe, the top drive is utilized to drive the back-off equipment to perform back-off releasing when the oil pipe is stuck, the top drive is utilized to drive the cutting tool to perform cutting releasing when the wax pipe is stuck or the oil pipe is stuck in a deformation mode, the adaptive method is adopted to release the stuck oil pipe according to different stuck types, the requirement on driving load is lower, the releasing can be realized by driving of a minor repair well machine, the use of a major repair well machine with large load capacity to perform mechanical releasing is avoided, the operation cost is greatly reduced, and the working period is shortened.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another oil pipe unfreezing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a specific implementation of the back-off unfreezing method in the oil pipe unfreezing method shown in fig. 2, and referring to fig. 3, the oil pipe unfreezing method includes:
Alternatively, step 201 may be the same as step 101 and will not be described in detail here.
And 202, when the determined type is the sand jam, connecting the lower part of the reversing device with a reversing fishing tool, connecting the upper part of the reversing device with one end of a first drilling tool, and connecting the other end of the first drilling tool with a workover rig.
In this embodiment, the workover rig may be a workover rig for minor workover (i.e., minor workover rig) in oil and gas well production, and the minor workover rig has a small floor area, is flexible to use, has a low cost, and has a small load range, compared with a major workover rig. The first drilling tool may comprise a plurality of strings of tubing, the number of strings of tubing included in the first drilling tool being determined by the depth of the top end of the stuck tubing in the well, so as to lower the back-off fishing tool to the location of the stuck tubing.
Optionally, the diameter of the first drilling tool can be equal to the diameter of an oil pipe in the well, namely the first drilling tool can be formed by connecting oil pipes in series, wherein the oil pipes are the same as the oil pipes which are lowered into the well in type, and the first drilling tool is convenient to take and low in cost.
Further, the number of oil pipes pulled out after the oil pipes are stuck is known, and the number can be directly used as the number of oil pipes connected in series in the first drilling tool.
In a specific implementation, the back-off device is connected with the back-off fishing tool through reverse threads, the back-off device is connected with the first drilling tool through forward threads, and the first drilling tool and the workover rig can be connected through a hook, a lifting ring or an elevator. Namely, the workover rig, a big hook (or a lifting ring or an elevator), a first drilling tool, the back-off device and the back-off fishing tool are connected in series in sequence.
Alternatively, the reversing fishing tool may be a reversing spear or reversing canister. In practical application, one of the reversing spear and the reversing canister can be selected according to specific conditions, such as the connection mode of the reversing fishing tool and the reversing device.
And 203, using a workover rig to lower the back-off fishing tool into the well through the first drilling tool to be connected with the blocked oil pipe.
Namely, the workover rig, a big hook (or a lifting ring or an elevator), a first drilling tool, an inverted buckle fishing tool and a blocked oil pipe are sequentially connected in series.
Specifically, the step 203 may include:
the workover rig descends the back-off fishing tool to the position where the top end of the blocked oil pipe is located through the first drilling tool;
and connecting the back-off fishing tool with the top end of the blocked oil pipe.
Wherein, first drilling tool need keep first drilling tool not rotatory from the well head in the in-process of going into to the top position of the dead oil pipe of card at back-off fishing tool to threaded connection between the oil pipe is loosened. The connection process between the back-off fishing tool and the jammed oil pipe can refer to the related technology, and the embodiment of the invention does not need to be described in detail.
And 204, releasing the connection between the first drilling tool and the workover rig, connecting the first drilling tool with the bottom of the top drive, and connecting the top of the top drive with the workover rig.
Namely, a workover rig, a big hook (or a lifting ring or an elevator), a top drive, a first drilling tool, a back-off device, a back-off fishing tool and a blocked oil pipe are sequentially connected in series.
And 205, applying a lifting force to the first drilling tool through the top drive by using the workover rig, and controlling the top drive to rotate forwards.
It should be noted that, applying a lifting force to the first drilling tool can reduce the resistance to the top drive rotation, and is helpful to increase the number of the oil pipes to be fished out.
Optionally, the lifting force can be 50-100 KN.
Optionally, controlling the forward rotation of the top drive may include:
the pump pressure of the top drive is controlled to be 5.5 MPa-6.5 MPa, and the rotating speed of the top drive is controlled to be 20-40 r/min.
And step 206, driving the oil pipe to rotate reversely by the reversing device under the driving of the top drive to rotate positively.
In concrete realization, the corotation is driven on the top and first drilling tool corotation is driven, and then the upper portion corotation of drive back-off ware, and the corotation on upper portion becomes the reversal of lower part in the middle part of back-off ware, and the reversal of lower part drives back-off fishing tool reversal, and then drives the dead oil pipe reversal of card. As described above, the reverse thread is connected with the reverse fishing tool, the reverse thread is connected with the first drilling tool through the forward thread, and the forward thread is connected between the oil pipes, so that during the forward rotation of the top drive, the threaded connection between the oil pipes inside the first drilling tool and between the first drilling tool and the reverse thread is still maintained (the forward rotation is in the direction of forward thread tightening), and meanwhile, the threaded connection between the reverse thread and the reverse fishing tool is also maintained (the reverse rotation is in the direction of reverse thread tightening), but the threaded connection between the dead oil pipes is loosened (the rotation direction of the reverse rotation is just opposite to that of the forward rotation), that is, the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which is divided by the clamping point is loosened.
And step 207, when the increment of the rotating speed of the top drive in a preset time period is larger than a preset threshold value, controlling the top drive to stop rotating by using the workover rig.
It should be noted that, before the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe, which is divided by the clamping point, is loosened, along with the rotation of the top drive, under the action of the clamped oil pipe, the torque of the top drive rises, and the rotating speed of the top drive gradually slows down. If the rotating speed of the top drive is suddenly increased (the pump pressure is suddenly reduced), the fact that the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section which are divided by the oil pipe with the clamping point as the boundary is loosened is shown, and therefore the increment of the rotating speed of the top drive in a preset time period is larger than a preset threshold value and is used as the standard for stopping the rotation of the top drive.
In a specific implementation, the preset time period may be 1s or 5s, and the preset threshold may be 5r/min or 10r/min, but the present invention is not limited thereto, as long as the human eye can clearly observe that the rotation speed of the top drive is suddenly increased.
Optionally, the oil pipe unfreezing method may further include:
after the top drive is respectively connected with the first drilling tool and the workover rig, acquiring a first weight of a workover rig suspended object;
after the top drive stops rotating, trying to lift and clamp the dead oil pipe to obtain a second weight of the object hung on the workover rig;
and when the second weight is larger than the first weight, determining that the oil pipe is successfully unfreezed.
It is easy to know that if the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe, which is divided by the clamping point as the boundary, is loosened, the object hung on the workover rig will increase the upper section of the clamped oil pipe, and the second weight should be equal to the first weight plus the weight of the upper section of the clamped oil pipe; the second weight should be equal to the first weight if the threaded connection between the upper and lower sections of the tubing bounded by the stuck point is not loosened. Therefore, whether the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which is divided by the clamping point is loosened can be further confirmed through judging the first weight and the second weight.
In a specific implementation, a weight indicator used for displaying the weight of a suspended object of the workover rig is arranged on the workover rig, and the first weight and the second weight can be directly read from the weight indicator.
And 208, lifting the upper section of the stuck oil pipe by using the workover rig, and fishing out the upper section of the stuck oil pipe.
It is easy to know that the workover rig is used for lifting the upper section of the blocked oil pipe, the workover rig exerts lifting force, the top drive is improved, and the first drilling tool, the back-off device, the back-off fishing tool and the upper section of the blocked oil pipe are sequentially pulled out of the well.
And step 209, pressing the lower section to a position below the stuck point to finish the unfreezing of the oil pipe.
Specifically, the step 209 may be the same as the step 104, and is not described in detail herein.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of another oil pipe unfreezing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a specific implementation of cutting unfreezing in the oil pipe unfreezing method shown in fig. 2, and referring to fig. 4, the oil pipe unfreezing method includes:
and 301, determining the type of oil pipe jamming.
Alternatively, step 301 may be the same as step 101 and will not be described in detail here.
And 302, when the determined type is a wax card or a casing deformation card, connecting the mechanical inner cutter with one end of a second drilling tool, connecting the other end of the second drilling tool with the bottom of a top drive, and connecting the top of the top drive with a workover rig.
Namely, the workover rig, the top drive, the second drilling tool and the mechanical inner cutter are connected in series in sequence.
In this embodiment, the second drilling tool may comprise a plurality of oil pipes connected in series, and the number of the oil pipes is determined according to the depth of the stuck point, so as to lower the mechanical inner cutter to the position in the oil pipe with the same depth as the stuck point.
In the specific implementation, the depth of the tool sleeved with the stuck oil pipe before the oil pipe is lifted is known, the total length of the oil pipe lifted before the oil pipe is stuck is also known, and the difference between the depth of the tool and the total length of the oil pipe is the depth of a stuck point, so that the number of the oil pipes connected in series in the second drilling tool is determined.
Alternatively, the diameter of the second drilling tool may be smaller than the diameter of the tubing to lower the mechanical inner cutter into the tubing to cut the tubing.
And step 303, lowering the mechanical inner cutter into the position with the same depth as the clamping point in the oil pipe through a second drilling tool by using a workover rig.
And 304, controlling the top drive to rotate positively at a first rotating speed by using the workover rig, and anchoring the mechanical inner cutter in the oil pipe.
In this embodiment, the mechanical internal cutter is a special tool for cutting the oil pipe from the inside of the underground oil pipe, and may include a mandrel, a retractable fishing spear disposed on the upper portion of the mandrel (a portion close to the wellhead), an anchoring mechanism disposed on the lower portion of the mandrel (a portion far from the wellhead), and a cutting mechanism disposed in the middle of the mandrel.
Specifically, the retractable fishing spear may be configured as the fishing spear of the patent application No. 200720116800.5, for example. When the formula of can moving back fishing spear got into in the oil pipe, the slips was compressed, produced certain expanding force, made the slips paste tight oil pipe inner wall, under the effect of lifting force, under the back taper of dabber and the interact of the interior conical surface of slips, the slips opened and pins oil pipe.
The cutting mechanism may be, for example, the structure of the cutter and the cutter switch of the patent application No. 201520098430.1. After the mechanical inner cutter is anchored, the central shaft (namely the mandrel) is lowered, the cutting tool is opened by the inclined surface of the push tool holder, and the cutting tool can be cut by rotating the cutting tool.
The anchoring mechanism may, for example, be in the form of the anchoring device of the patent application No. 201520098430.1. After the mechanical inner cutter is lowered to a preset depth, a central shaft (namely a mandrel) is rotated, the friction centralizing block is tightly attached to the inner wall of the oil pipe to generate a certain friction force, the sliding tooth plate and the sliding tooth sleeve are forced to rotate relatively, the slip is pushed to move upwards and expand along the dovetail slope to be in contact with the inner wall of the oil pipe, and anchoring is achieved. After cutting, the mandrel is lifted upwards, the sliding tooth plate and the sliding tooth sleeve are reset, the slips are disengaged, and anchoring is released.
Alternatively, the first rotational speed may be 20 r/min.
The second drilling tool is pressed downward to extend the blades of the mechanical inner cutter, thereby cutting the oil pipe.
Alternatively, the down force may be 3-5 KN.
In this embodiment, the second rotational speed is greater than the first rotational speed.
Alternatively, the second rotational speed may be 40 r/min.
Optionally, controlling the top drive to rotate at the second rotational speed may include:
the pump pressure of the top drive is controlled to be 3.5 MPa-4.5 MPa.
Step 306: and when the increment of the rotating speed of the top drive in a preset time period is larger than a preset threshold value, controlling the top drive to stop rotating by using the workover rig.
It should be noted that after the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe, which are divided by using the stuck point as a boundary, are cut, the torque of the top drive is instantaneously reduced, the rotating speed of the top drive is suddenly increased, and the pump pressure of the top drive is suddenly reduced.
In a specific implementation, the preset time period may be 1s or 5s, and the preset threshold may be 5r/min or 10r/min, but the present invention is not limited thereto, as long as the human eye can clearly observe that the rotation speed of the top drive is suddenly increased.
Optionally, the oil pipe unfreezing method may further include:
when the torque value of the top drive is not increased, the oil pipe unfreezing is determined to be successful.
It is easy to know that the torque value of the top drive is not increased, which indicates that the oil pipe is cut off by the mechanical internal cutting knife.
And 307, lifting the mechanical inner cutting knife by using the workover rig, retreating the mechanical inner cutting knife to the upper section of the blocked oil pipe, and locking the upper section of the blocked oil pipe.
As mentioned above, the upper part of the mechanical inner cutter is provided with the retractable fishing spear which can cut and lift the oil pipe above the stuck point at one time.
And 308, lifting the upper section of the stuck oil pipe by using a workover rig, and fishing out the upper section of the stuck oil pipe.
And 309, pressing the lower section to a position below the stuck point to finish the unfreezing of the oil pipe.
Specifically, step 309 may be the same as step 104, and will not be described in detail here.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The oil pipe unfreezing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the type of oil pipe jamming, wherein the type comprises a sand clamp, a wax clamp and a sleeve deformation clamp;
when the determined type is sand blocking, a top drive is utilized to drive an inverse buckle device connected with the oil pipe to rotate, the inverse buckle device converts the positive rotation of the top drive into the negative rotation of the oil pipe, and the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which is divided by taking a blocking point as a boundary is loosened;
when the determined type is a wax card or a sleeve deformation card, a cutting tool which is driven to be lowered into the oil pipe is driven to rotate by a top drive, and the cutting tool cuts an upper section and a lower section of the oil pipe which are divided by taking a clamping point as a boundary;
and after the upper section and the lower section are separated, fishing out the upper section, and pressing the lower section to a position below the stuck point to finish the unfreezing of the oil pipe.
2. The oil pipe stuck freeing method of claim 1, wherein said determining the type of oil pipe stuck comprises:
when sand is carried in the crude oil in the casing, determining the type as sand blocking;
when the crude oil in the casing carries solid wax, determining the type as wax card;
when no sand is carried in the crude oil in the casing and no solid wax is carried, the type is determined to be a casing deformation card.
3. The method for releasing the oil pipe from the stuck state according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the top drive is used for driving an inverse device connected with the oil pipe to rotate, the inverse device converts the positive rotation of the top drive into the negative rotation of the oil pipe, and the threaded connection between the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which is divided by the stuck point is released, and the method comprises the following steps:
connecting the lower part of the back-off device with a back-off fishing tool, wherein the upper part of the back-off device is connected with one end of a first drilling tool, and the other end of the first drilling tool is connected with a workover rig;
running the back-off fishing tool into the well with the tubing using the workover rig through the first drilling tool;
disconnecting the first drilling tool from the workover rig, connecting the first drilling tool to the bottom of the top drive, and connecting the top of the top drive to the workover rig;
applying a lifting force to the first drilling tool through the top drive by using the workover rig, and controlling the top drive to rotate forwards;
the reversing device is driven by the top drive to rotate forwards, so that the oil pipe is driven to rotate reversely;
and when the increment of the rotating speed of the top drive in a preset time period is larger than a preset threshold value, controlling the top drive to stop rotating by using the workover rig.
4. The tubing stuck freeing method of claim 3, wherein said fishing out said upper section after separating said upper section and said lower section comprises:
and lifting the upper section by using the workover rig, and fishing out the upper section.
5. The oil pipe unfreezing method according to claim 3, further comprising:
obtaining a first weight of the workover rig suspended object after connecting the top drive with the first drilling tool and the workover rig, respectively;
after the top drive stops rotating, trying to lift the oil pipe to obtain a second weight of the workover rig suspended object;
and when the second weight is larger than the first weight, determining that the oil pipe is successfully unfreezed.
6. The oil pipe unfreezing method according to claim 3, wherein the lifting force is 50-100 KN, the pump pressure of the top drive is 5.5-6.5 MPa, and the rotating speed of the top drive is 20-40 r/min.
7. The method for releasing the oil pipe from the stuck state according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting tool driven into the oil pipe by the top drive rotates, and the cutting tool cuts open the upper section and the lower section of the oil pipe which are divided by the stuck point, and comprises:
connecting a mechanical inner cutter with one end of a second drilling tool, wherein the other end of the second drilling tool is connected with the bottom of the top drive, and the top of the top drive is connected with a workover rig;
lowering the mechanical inner cutter into the position with the same depth as the clamping point in the oil pipe through the second drilling tool by using the workover rig;
controlling the top drive to rotate positively at a first rotating speed by using the workover rig, and anchoring the mechanical inner cutter in the oil pipe;
controlling the top drive to apply downward pressure to the second drilling tool by using the workover rig, and controlling the top drive to rotate at a second rotating speed, wherein the second rotating speed is greater than the first rotating speed;
and when the increment of the rotating speed of the top drive in a preset time period is larger than a preset threshold value, controlling the top drive to stop rotating by using the workover rig.
8. The tubing stuck freeing method of claim 7, wherein said fishing out said upper section after separating said upper section and said lower section comprises:
lifting the mechanical inner cutter by using the workover rig, and retreating the mechanical inner cutter to the upper section and locking the upper section;
and lifting the upper section by using the workover rig, and fishing out the upper section.
9. The oil pipe unfreezing method according to claim 7, further comprising:
and when the torque value of the top drive is not increased, determining that the oil pipe is successfully unfreezed.
10. The oil pipe unfreezing method according to claim 7, wherein the downward pressure is 3-5 KN, the first rotating speed is 20r/min, the second rotating speed is 40r/min, and the pump pressure of the top drive is 3.5-4.5 MPa.
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