CN108092701B - Beam selection method, device and storage medium for hybrid beam forming HBF system - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method, an apparatus and a computer-readable storage medium for beam selection in an HBF system, the method comprising: respectively selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, wherein the number of all the preselected beams is greater than the number of digital channels of the HBF system; and selecting a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the achievable rate of the HBF system, wherein the first number is the number of the digital channels. The HBF system beam selection method, the HBF system beam selection device and the computer readable storage medium have the advantages of short time consumption in the calculation process and easiness in implementation, and the beams are selected from the overall angle of a multi-user transmission system, so that the system is ensured to have good overall performance.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for selecting a beam in a Hybrid Beam Forming (HBF) system, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
In order to meet the requirement of a mobile communication system of a fifth Generation (5th-Generation, abbreviated as 5G) mobile communication technology on data transmission rate, a large-scale Multiple-input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is developed. The large-scale MIMO technology can flexibly adjust the beam direction by erecting a large-scale antenna array on a base station, so that the beam direction is aligned to a target user. Furthermore, in massive MIMO systems, when the number of antennas tends to infinity, incoherent noise and fast fading also disappear. Also, massive MIMO may provide sufficient spatial freedom for diversity and multiplexing techniques.
In the early research of massive MIMO technology, the digital massive MIMO system with one antenna unit corresponding to one independent digital channel was mainly aimed at. When the antenna array is large in scale, the high cost of the large number of digital channels leads to high cost of the MIMO system, and thus becomes a bottleneck in implementing the massive MIMO technology.
To overcome this bottleneck, various solutions for reducing the cost are proposed, such as reducing the accuracy of an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and reducing the number of Digital channels, which all affect the efficiency of the MIMO system. In addition, a Hybrid Beam-Forming (HBF) system is proposed in the industry that uses a small number of digital channels to control the entire large-scale antenna array. The difference between the system and the all-Digital system is that the HBF system is provided with two Beam Forming components, one is a high-dimensional Analog Beam-Forming (ABF) module realized in a radio frequency module, and the other is a low-dimensional Digital Beam-Forming (DBF) module realized in a baseband module.
The power amplifier in the rf module has nonlinearity, so the ABF is generally achieved without using a method of adjusting the signal amplitude in the rf module. In addition, ABF is usually implemented by using a phase shifter network, a switch network, a lens antenna, a butler matrix or other Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) modules, etc., all of which modulate phase and not modulate amplitude. The constant modulus limitation brings great difficulty to the design of ABF weights. Common ABF weight design methods are mainly classified into two categories. The first method does not need to preset a codebook, and the ABF weight is usually derived from closed-form solution and then adjusted by combining the limitation of hardware. The second method needs to preset a codebook, the codebook comprises a plurality of analog beams, and the ABF weight is selected from the analog beams, so that the ABF weight design process is directly converted into a beam selection process.
The industry has conducted extensive research into different beam selection methods. For example, a multi-level resolution beam can be realized by means of progressive division and layer-by-layer search to achieve the effect of fast convergence, but the method is not suitable for the case of multi-user parallel search. The orthogonal Matching Pursuit (0rthogonal Matching Pursuit, abbreviated as OMP) algorithm takes the weight of a full digital system as a target, converts the approximation of performance into the approximation of the weight, adopts an analog codebook based on antenna array response, and enables the HBF weight to be approximately equal to the weight of the full digital system under the condition that a channel has sparsity, however, the method cannot ensure that the interference between users can be accurately eliminated under the condition of multi-user transmission.
Therefore, how to select the beam of the HBF in the multi-user transmission system becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a beam selection method, a beam selection device and a computer readable storage medium for an HBF system, so as to select an HBF beam of a multi-user transmission system and realize a better reachable rate of the HBF system with lower operation complexity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of HBF system beam selection, the method comprising: respectively selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, wherein the number of all the preselected beams is greater than the number of digital channels of the HBF system; and selecting a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the achievable rate of the HBF system, wherein the first number is the number of the digital channels.
Optionally, the number of the at least one preselected beam is not less than a first value, where the first value is a value obtained by rounding down a ratio of the number of digital channels to the number of users.
Optionally, the selecting a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the achievable rate of the HBF system includes: deleting the first beam from all the current preselected beams when the number of all the current preselected beams is larger than the first number; the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
Optionally, before the selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, the method further includes: respectively calculating the projection energy of the direct-view path of each user on each beam; the selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam comprises the following steps: sequencing beams corresponding to each user from small to large in sequence according to the projection energy corresponding to each user to obtain a sequencing result; and selecting at least one beam with the maximum projection energy according to the sorting result.
Optionally, when at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy is selected for each user respectively according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, the number of the preselected beams selected for each user is the same.
Optionally, after selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, the method further includes: after the preselected wave beams are respectively selected for each user, the preselected wave beams of each user are sequentially arranged to form an initial DFT matrix according to the sequence of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user.
Optionally, before the selecting the first number of target beams from the all preselected beams according to the HBF system reachable rate, the method further comprises: and calculating the reachable speed of the system according to the direct-viewing path information, the Rice factor and the channel factor of the user.
Optionally, after selecting the first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the HBF system reachable rate, the method further includes: and obtaining ABF weights according to the target DFT matrix formed by the target beam, wherein each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially distributed to the first to the last digital channels.
An HBF system beam selection apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a first selection unit, a second selection unit and a third selection unit, wherein the first selection unit is used for respectively selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, and the number of all the preselected beams is larger than the number of digital channels of the HBF system; and a second selecting unit, configured to select a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to an HBF system reachable rate, where the first number is the number of the digital channels.
Optionally, the number of the at least one preselected beam is not less than a first value, where the first value is a value obtained by rounding down a ratio of the number of digital channels to the number of users.
Optionally, the second selecting unit is specifically configured to: deleting the first beam from the current total preselected beams when the number of the current total preselected beams is greater than the first number; the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
Optionally, the apparatus further includes a calculating unit, configured to calculate projection energy of the direct view of each user on each beam respectively; the first selecting unit comprises: the sequencing subunit is used for sequencing the beams corresponding to each user from small to large according to the projection energy corresponding to each user to obtain a sequencing result; and the selecting subunit is used for selecting at least one beam with the maximum projection energy according to the sorting result.
Optionally, when the first selecting unit selects at least one preselected beam with the largest projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, the number of the preselected beams selected for each user is the same.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises an arranging unit for: after the preselected wave beams are respectively selected for each user, the preselected wave beams of each user are sequentially arranged to form an initial DFT matrix according to the sequence of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user.
Optionally, the computing unit is further configured to: and calculating the reachable speed of the system according to the direct-viewing path information, the Rice factor and the channel factor of the user.
Optionally, the obtaining unit is further configured to: and obtaining ABF weights according to the target DFT matrix formed by the target beam, wherein each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially distributed to the first to the last digital channels.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of the preceding claims.
An HBF system beam selection apparatus comprising a processor and a memory for storing a computer program operable on the processor, wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps of the method of the preceding claims when executing the computer program.
By adopting the HBF system beam selection method, the HBF system beam selection device and the computer-readable storage medium provided by the invention, at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy is respectively selected for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, and the first number of target beams are selected from all the preselected beams according to the reachable rate of the HBF system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an implementation of an HBF beam selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of a method for beam selection in an HBF system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam selection apparatus of an HBF according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In a massive MIMO HBF system, a base station needs to configure appropriate ABF weights for multiuser transmission. In the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that the number of base station antennas is M and the number of digital channels is NsServing N in a space division multiplex manneruA single antenna user. The ABF weight adopts DFT codebook, and the codebook U has the following format:
wherein, one row is a DFT beam, M beams are total, and the corresponding row number is the beam subscript. The ABF weight matrix is F ═ Ψ U, wherein
Is NsX M-dimensional beam selection matrix, ejSelecting a vector for a 1 xM-dimensional beam on the jth digital channel, with only one element being 1 and the remaining elementsAre all 0. The present embodiment will perform beam selection for the DFT-based HBF multi-user transmission system, which is equivalent to designing the beam selection matrix Ψ.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
As shown in fig. 1, a waveform selection method for an HBF system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
step S110, at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy is respectively selected for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, wherein the number of all the preselected beams is larger than the number of digital channels of the HBF system.
Step S120, selecting a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the HBF system reachable rate, where the first number is the number of digital channels.
In step S110, the base station selects one or more beams with the largest direct-of-sight (LOS) projection energy for each user, and ensures that the sum of the selected beams of all users is greater than Ns. After selecting the preselected wave beam for each user, arranging the preselected wave beams of each user in turn to form an initial DFT matrix according to the sequence of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user, wherein the initial DFT matrix is an initial wave beam selection matrix psi0。
The number of the preselected beams selected by the base station for each user is not less than a first value, wherein the first value is a value obtained by rounding down the ratio of the number of the digital channels to the number of the users. The ratio of the number of digital channels to the number of users is rounded down, i.e. the largest integer not greater than the ratio is taken.
Specifically, the process of selecting the beams with the maximum LOS projection energy for each user is performed as follows:
step 111: the projection energy of the direct-view path of each user on each beam is calculated respectively.
Specifically, for the k-th user, the base station compares each row of the codebook U with its M × 1 dimension LOS vector
Multiplying and squaring the modulus to obtain
Step 112: sequencing beams corresponding to each user from small to large in sequence according to the projection energy corresponding to each user to obtain a sequencing result; and selecting at least one beam with the maximum projection energy according to the sorting result.
Specifically, the base station will
Sequentially arranging according to the sequence from big to small, finding out the beam subscript k corresponding to the first C + n values1，...，kC+nWherein
The expression is rounded down, N is a positive integer and is an adjustable margin parameter, and N is required to be satisfiedu(C+n)＞Ns；
Alternatively, the same number of preselected beams may be selected for each user, for example, C +1 preselected beams may be selected for each user.
After the preselected beam with the maximum projection energy is selected for each user, the step 111 and the step 112 are repeated, after the beam subscript of each user is obtained, the subscripts are arranged in sequence to obtain Nu(C + n) x 1-dimensional subscript vector
a0＝[11，...，1C+n，21，...，2C+n...，Nu，1，...，Nu，c+n]Thereby obtaining Nu(C + n) × M dimensional initial beam selection matrix Ψ0Wherein, only the a-th row0(i) The number element is 1, and the remaining elements are 0.
In step 113, the subscript vector a0＝[11，...，1C+n，21，...，2C+n，...，Nu，1，...，Nu，C+n]The outer layers of (a) are arranged in user order, and the inner layers are arranged in the order of projection energy according to the beam of each user.
After the initial beam selection matrix is obtained, when the number of all the current preselected beams is greater than the first number in step S120, deleting the first beam from all the current preselected beams;
the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
The ordering of the other beams remains the same both when calculating the system achievable rate when excluding each beam individually, and when deleting the first beam.
Specifically, the base station will derive Ψ according to an approximate expression of the achievable rate0Performing deletion line by line, deleting Nu(C+n)-NsAfter the rows, the beam selection matrix Ψ remains.
Will Ψ0Prune line by line, total prune Nu(C+n)-NsThe process of the method comprises the following steps:
step 121: the initial state of the beam selection matrix to be pruned is Ψ ═ Ψ0At this time, if the number of rows N of Ψ is greater than NsThen constructing a matrix
Wherein
For the matrix Ψ after the i-th row is deleted, will
Respectively substituting the approximate expressions of the achievable rates to obtain approximate values of the achievable rates
Step 122: will be provided with
And (5) arranging according to the sequence from large to small, finding out the number j corresponding to the maximum value, and deleting the jth line of psi.
Step 123: steps 121 and 122 are repeated in sequence until the number of rows of Ψ equals NsTo obtain the final Ψ.
In step 121, when calculating the system reachable rate when each beam is excluded separately, the system reachable rate is calculated by using Channel State Information (CSI), where CSl includes LOS information, a rice factor, and a path factor for each user.
Because the LOS information, the Rice factor and the path factor used by the beam selection are long-time information of the channel, the beam selection result is effective in the coherence time of the channel, and the beam does not need to be switched or reselected in the period, thereby reducing the implementation frequency of the beam selection and saving the expense.
The achievable rate approximation expression in step 121 includes the following:
expression 1: when the uplink employs a Zero Forcing (ZF) receiver, the achievable rate for the uplink is approximately expressed as
Wherein P isavgFor the average transmit power, β, of each user (normalized by noise)kThe channel factor for the kth user, being a positive real number,
in the form of a function of digamma,
is the ascending order eigenvalue of the matrix sigma,
Kkfor the rice factor of the k-th user,
is Nu×NuThe unit of dimension is a diagonal matrix,
is the mx 1 dimensional LOS vector for the kth user,
is a matrix sigmakIn ascending order of the characteristic values, ∑kThe resulting matrix after the kth row and the kth column is deleted for the matrix sigma.
Expression 2: when the uplink employs a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) receiver, the achievable rate of the uplink is approximately expressed as
Wherein,
expression 3: when the downlink adopts ZF precoder and long-term normalization, the achievable rate of the downlink is approximately expressed as
Where P is the total transmit power of the base station (normalized by noise) [. cndot]m，nIs the m-th row and n-th column element of the matrix.
Expression 4: when the downlink adopts ZF precoder and adopts short-time normalization, the achievable rate of the downlink is approximately expressed as
Expression 5: when the downlink uses the Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) precoder and long-term normalization, the achievable rate of the downlink is approximately expressed as
Expression 6: when the downlink adopts MRT precoder and adopts short-time normalization, the achievable rate of the downlink is approximately expressed as
After step S120, the target ABF weights are acquired according to the target beam. The ABF weight is obtained according to a target DFT matrix formed by a target beam, and each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially distributed to the first to the last digital channels.
Specifically, the base station constructs an ABF weight matrix F ═ Ψ U using the beam selection matrix Ψ, and applies the ABF weight matrix to perform multi-user data transmission within the coherence time of the channel.
As shown in fig. 2, a specific implementation flow of the HBF system beam selection method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 210, the base station selects a plurality of beams with the same quantity and the largest energy for each user respectively based on the LOS projection energy, wherein the sum of the quantities of the beams selected by all the users is larger than the actual number of the digital channels of the base station.
And step 220, sequentially arranging the beams of all the users according to the sequence of the outer layer users and the inner layer projection energy to form an initial ABF value.
In step 230, it is determined whether the total number of beams is greater than the actual number of digital channels. If the determination result in this step is yes, go to step 240; if the determination result is negative, step 250 is executed.
The beam that maximizes the achievable rate of the system after being excluded individually is found and removed from the selected beams, step 240.
After completing step 240, return to step 230. In step 240, specifically, the base station calculates the system reachable rates when the beams are individually excluded, respectively, assuming that the number of digital channels is the total number of the selected beams minus 1, finds out the beam that maximizes the system reachable rate after being individually excluded, and deletes it from the selected beams, with the remaining beams being in the same order.
And step 250, sequentially arranging the wave beams to form a final ABF weight, switching to a data transmission process, and applying the wave beams to an ABF module by the base station.
In the step, the beam selection process is finished, the data transmission process is switched to, the formed ABF weight is applied, and the beam does not need to be switched or reselected within the coherence time of the channel.
By adopting the method for selecting the wave beam of the HBF system provided by the invention, at least one preselected wave beam with the maximum projection energy is respectively selected for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the wave beam, and a first number of target wave beams are selected from all the preselected wave beams according to the reachable rate of the HBF system.
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an HBF system beam selection apparatus, which includes a first selecting unit 310 and a second selecting unit 320. In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
a first selecting unit 310, configured to select, for each user, at least one preselected beam with the largest projection energy according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, where the number of all preselected beams is greater than the number of digital channels of the HBF system.
A second selecting unit 320 is configured to select a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the HBF system achievable rate, where the first number is the number of digital channels.
The first selection unit 310 selects one or more beams with the largest direct-view LOS projection energy for each user, and ensures that the sum of the selected beams of all users is greater than Ns. After the first selection unit 310 selects the preselected beams for each user, the preselected beams of each user are sequentially arranged to form an initial DFT matrix according to the order of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user, where the initial DFT matrix is the initial beam selection matrix Ψ0。
The number of the preselected beams selected by the first selecting unit 310 for each user is not less than a first value, wherein the first value is obtained by rounding down the ratio of the number of the digital channels to the number of the users. The ratio of the number of digital channels to the number of users is rounded down, i.e. the largest integer not greater than the ratio is taken.
The beam selection device of the HBF system provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a calculation unit, and before the first selection unit 310 selects the multiple beams with the largest LOS projection energy for each user, the calculation unit calculates the projection energy of the direct view path of each user on each beam.
The first selecting unit 310 includes a sorting subunit and a selecting subunit. The sorting subunit is configured to sort the beams corresponding to each user in sequence from small to large according to the projection energy corresponding to each user, so as to obtain a sorting result; the selecting subunit is configured to select at least one beam with the largest projection energy according to the sorting result.
Alternatively, the first selecting subunit 310 may select the same number of preselected beams for each user.
The HBF system beam selection apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes an arrangement unit, and after the first selection unit 310 selects the preselected beams for each user, the arrangement unit sequentially arranges the preselected beams of each user to form an initial DFT matrix according to the order of the outer-layer user and the inner-layer projection energy after the preselected beams are respectively selected for each user.
Before, the second selecting unit 320 deletes the first beam from all the current preselected beams when the number of all the current preselected beams is greater than the first number;
the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
The ordering of the other beams remains the same both when calculating the system achievable rate when excluding each beam individually, and when deleting the first beam.
Specifically, the second selection unit 320 selects Ψ according to the achievable rate approximation expression0The puncturing is performed row by row and the final rest is the beam selection matrix Ψ.
When the system reachable rate when each beam is excluded individually is calculated, the calculation unit calculates the system reachable rate using Channel State Information (CSI), where CSl includes LOS information, a rice factor, and a path factor for each user.
Because the LOS information, the Rice factor and the path factor used by the beam selection are long-time information of the channel, the beam selection result is effective in the coherence time of the channel, and the beam does not need to be switched or reselected in the period, thereby reducing the implementation frequency of the beam selection and saving the expense.
The HBF system beam selection apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a target ABF weight according to the target beam.
Specifically, the acquisition unit acquires the ABF weights according to a target DFT matrix formed by a target beam, wherein each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially allocated to first to last digital channels.
Specifically, the base station constructs an ABF weight matrix F ═ Ψ U using the beam selection matrix Ψ, and applies the ABF weight matrix to perform multi-user data transmission within the coherence time of the channel.
By adopting the HBF system beam selection device provided by the invention, at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy is respectively selected for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, and a first number of target beams are selected from all the preselected beams according to the reachable rate of the HBF system.
In practical applications, the first selecting Unit 310, the second selecting Unit 320, the calculating Unit, the arranging Unit, and the obtaining Unit may be implemented by a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor Unit (MPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like on the base station.
It should be noted that: the HBF system beam selection apparatus provided in the above embodiment is only illustrated by dividing each program module when performing HBF system beam selection, and in practical applications, the processing allocation may be completed by different program modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus may be divided into different program modules to complete all or part of the processing described above. In addition, the HBF system beam selection apparatus provided in the above embodiments and the HBF system beam selection method embodiment belong to the same concept, and specific implementation processes thereof are detailed in the method embodiment and are not described herein again.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an HBF system beam selection apparatus, where the HBF system beam selection apparatus includes: a processor and a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor,
wherein the processor is configured to execute, when running the computer program: respectively selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, wherein the number of all the preselected beams is greater than the number of digital channels of the HBF system; and selecting a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the achievable rate of the HBF system, wherein the first number is the number of the digital channels.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: deleting the first beam from all the current preselected beams when the number of all the current preselected beams is larger than the first number; the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: the projection energy of the direct-view path of each user on each beam is calculated respectively.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: sequencing beams corresponding to each user from small to large in sequence according to the projection energy corresponding to each user to obtain a sequencing result; and selecting at least one beam with the maximum projection energy according to the sorting result.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: the number of preselected beams selected for each user is the same.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: after the preselected wave beams are respectively selected for each user, the preselected wave beams of each user are sequentially arranged to form an initial DFT matrix according to the sequence of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: and calculating the reachable speed of the system according to the direct-viewing path information, the Rice factor and the channel factor of the user.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: and acquiring a target ABF weight according to the target beam.
The processor is further configured to, when executing the computer program, perform: and obtaining ABF weights according to the target DFT matrix formed by the target beam, wherein each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially distributed to the first to the last digital channels.
In an exemplary embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, performs: respectively selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, wherein the number of all the preselected beams is greater than the number of digital channels of the HBF system; and selecting a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to the achievable rate of the HBF system, wherein the first number is the number of the digital channels.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: deleting the first beam from all the current preselected beams when the number of all the current preselected beams is larger than the first number; the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: the projection energy of the direct-view path of each user on each beam is calculated respectively.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: sequencing beams corresponding to each user from small to large in sequence according to the projection energy corresponding to each user to obtain a sequencing result; and selecting at least one beam with the maximum projection energy according to the sorting result.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: the number of preselected beams selected for each user is the same.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: after the preselected wave beams are respectively selected for each user, the preselected wave beams of each user are sequentially arranged to form an initial DFT matrix according to the sequence of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: and calculating the reachable speed of the system according to the direct-viewing path information, the Rice factor and the channel factor of the user.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: and acquiring a target ABF weight according to the target beam.
The computer program, when executed by the processor, further performs: and obtaining ABF weights according to the target DFT matrix formed by the target beam, wherein each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially distributed to the first to the last digital channels.
The computer readable storage medium can be FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, magnetic surface Memory, optical disk, or CD-ROM; or may be a variety of devices including one or any combination of the above memories, such as a mobile phone, computer, tablet device, personal digital assistant, etc.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the present invention has been described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus, and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A method for beam selection in a hybrid beamforming HBF system, the method comprising:
selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, wherein the number of all the preselected beams is larger than the number of digital channels of the hybrid beam forming HBF system;
the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam is carried out according to the following steps, and the number of the base station antennas is assumed to beMThe number of digital channels isN s Serving in a space division multiplex mannerN u For a single antenna user, the analog beamforming ABF weight adopts a DFT codebook, and a codebook U has the following format:
wherein one row is a DFT beam, in total
Each beam, the corresponding line number is the beam index,
represents the first
A number channel;
to the first
The base station transmits the codebook to the user
Each row of (a) and (b) respectively
Direct dimensional vector
Multiplying and squaring the modulus to obtain
；
And selecting a first number of target beams from all the pre-selected beams according to the achievable rate of the hybrid beamforming HBF system, wherein the first number is the number of the digital channels.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of said at least one preselected beam is not less than a first value, wherein said first value is a value obtained by rounding down a ratio of the number of said digital channels to the number of said users.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said selecting a first number of target beams among said all pre-selected beams according to the hybrid beamforming HBF system achievable rate comprises:
deleting the first beam from all the current preselected beams when the number of all the current preselected beams is larger than the first number;
the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein before selecting at least one preselected beam having a maximum projection energy for each user based on the projection energy of the user's direct path onto the beam, the method further comprises:
respectively calculating the projection energy of the direct-view path of each user on each beam;
the selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam comprises the following steps:
sequencing beams corresponding to each user from small to large in sequence according to the projection energy corresponding to each user to obtain a sequencing result;
and selecting at least one beam with the maximum projection energy according to the sorting result.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the same number of preselected beams is selected for each user when selecting at least one preselected beam having the largest projection energy for each user based on the projection energy of the user's direct view onto the beams.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein after selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the user's direct view on the beam, the method further comprises: after the preselected wave beams are respectively selected for each user, the preselected wave beams of each user are sequentially arranged to form an initial DFT matrix according to the sequence of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein before selecting the first number of target beams among the total of preselected beams according to the hybrid beamforming HBF system achievable rate, the method further comprises calculating the system achievable rate from the user's direct path information, the Rice factor, and the channel factor.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein after selecting a first number of target beams among the total pre-selected beams according to the achievable rate of the hybrid beamforming HBF system, the method further comprises obtaining ABF weights according to a target DFT matrix formed by the target beams, wherein each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially allocated to the first to the last digital channel.
9. A hybrid beamforming HBF system beam selection apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a first selection unit, a second selection unit and a third selection unit, wherein the first selection unit is used for respectively selecting at least one preselected beam with the maximum projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam, and the number of all the preselected beams is larger than the number of digital channels of the hybrid beam forming HBF system;
the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam is carried out according to the following steps, and the number of the base station antennas is assumed to beMThe number of digital channels isN s Serving in a space division multiplex mannerN u For a single antenna user, the analog beamforming ABF weight adopts a DFT codebook, and a codebook U has the following format:
wherein one row is a DFT beam, in total
Each beam, the corresponding line number is the beam index,
represents the first
A number channel;
to the first
The base station transmits the codebook to the user
Each row of (a) and (b) respectively
Direct dimensional vector
Multiplying and squaring the modulus to obtain
；
A second selecting unit, configured to select a first number of target beams from all the preselected beams according to a hybrid beamforming HBF system achievable rate, where the first number is the number of the digital channels.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the number of said at least one preselected beam is not less than a first value, wherein said first value is a value rounded down to the ratio of the number of digital channels to the number of users.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the second selecting unit is specifically configured to:
deleting the first beam from the current total preselected beams when the number of the current total preselected beams is greater than the first number;
the first beam is the beam corresponding to the maximum system reachable rate obtained by separately excluding each beam in all the current preselected beams and calculating the system reachable rate after excluding a single beam.
12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising a calculating unit for calculating the projected energy of the direct-view path of each user on each beam separately;
the first selecting unit comprises:
the sequencing subunit is used for sequencing the beams corresponding to each user from small to large according to the projection energy corresponding to each user to obtain a sequencing result;
and the selecting subunit is used for selecting at least one beam with the maximum projection energy according to the sorting result.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first selecting unit selects the same number of preselected beams for each user when selecting at least one preselected beam with the largest projection energy for each user according to the projection energy of the direct-view path of the user on the beam.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an alignment unit configured to: after the preselected wave beams are respectively selected for each user, the preselected wave beams of each user are sequentially arranged to form an initial DFT matrix according to the sequence of the projected energy of the outer layer user and the inner layer user.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the computing unit is further configured to compute the system achievable rate based on the user's direct path information, the Rice factor, and the channel factor.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising an obtaining unit configured to obtain ABF weights according to a target DFT matrix of the target beamforming, wherein each beam in the target DFT matrix is sequentially allocated to first to last digital channels.
17. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
18. A hybrid beamforming HBF system beam selection apparatus comprising a processor and a memory storing a computer program operable on the processor,
wherein the processor is adapted to perform the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 when running the computer program.
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