CN108089186A - Raininess grade inversion method based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area - Google Patents
Raininess grade inversion method based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
- G01S13/956—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use mounted on ship or other platform
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of raininess grade inversion method based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area, first, carries out observation experiment offline, determines rainfall intensity and blocked area zero intensity percentage, the fit correlation formula of echo strength average；Then, treat inverting radar original image to be pre-processed, calculate blocked area characterisitic parameter：Zero intensity percentage, echo strength average；Afterwards, it is substituted into zero intensity percentage and rainfall intensity fit correlation formula, echo strength average and rainfall intensity fit correlation formula respectively, obtains two rainfall intensities；Finally, obtain two rainfall intensities are averaged as last rainfall intensity, so that it is determined that rainfall intensity grade.Effect is examined using measured data, for this method inverting rainfall strong grade entirety accuracy up to 85%, this method provides a kind of new convenient way for the rainfall measurement during navigation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of raininess grade inversion method based on the combination of the more characterisitic parameters in marine radar image blocked area,
Belong to marine remote sensing technology field, and in particular to be that the more characterisitic parameters combination of marine radar image blocked area is utilized to carry out rainfalls
The marine remote sensing technology field of strength grade Inversion Calculation.
Background technology
The ocean for taking up an area ball surface product 71% possesses abundant resource, since 21 century, the mankind's this special sky to ocean
Between have deeper understanding, the exploration of marine resources, the monitoring of marine environment are strengthened promoting Sustainable Development of Marine Economy
Marine ecology civilization construction promotes ocean progress to have great meaning [1], and the real-time monitoring of marine environment has been compeled in eyebrow
Eyelash, with the continuous progress of remote sensing technology, using the marine radar with high-resolution characteristic, can easily, real-time land productivity
With ocean dynamicses parameters [2] [3] [4] such as echo extraction wind, wave, streams, the acquisition of wherein Wave Information is particularly important, should
It can be with Wave Informations such as inverting ocean wave spectrum, wave height, wavelength, wave direction, wave periods with wave monitoring device.Carrying out Wave Information
In refutation process, the presence of rainfall can change the roughness of ocean surface, and the back scattering area of radar is made to change, and influence
Sea return intensity, meanwhile, rainfall can hinder electromagnetic wave propagation, increase the attenuation of electromagnetic wave, so as to reduce the survey ripple of radar
Scope [5] [6].Currently for the adverse effect that rainfall generates in wave refutation process, radar map when being by rainfall mostly
As being identified, screening, inhibit the adverse effect of its generation.For more serious rainfall, radar image large area mould
Paste generates expendable interference to signal, the extraction of Wave Information is seriously affected, so to characteristics of rainfall in radar image
Monitoring has great significance.See reference document [1-6] (such as Zhu Xinke, Jin Xianglong, Tao Chunhui marine survey technologies and equipment
Developing discussion [J] robots, 2013,35 (3):376-384. Lu Zhi are loyal, Yang Jianpo, X-band radar under topaz motion platforms
[J] the system engineerings of wind direction of ocean surface inversion algorithm and electronic technology, 2016,38 (4):879-803.J.N.Borge,
G.Rodriguez,K.Hessner,and P.Gonzalez,Inversion of marine radar images for
surface wave analysis[J],Journal of Atomospheric and Ocean Technology,2004,21
(8):1291-1300. weeks bud .X band radars sea information of flow the technique of extracting [D] Chinese Marine University master's degree
Paper .2009:32-35.D.Houk,T.Green,A note on surface wave due to rain,Journal of
Geophysical Research,1976,81(24):Decay 4482-4484. Gai Yun, Liu Wei virtue .X wave band weather radars rain belt
Correction method analysis [J] Inner Mongol meteorology .2016 (2):36-38.)
It is pointed out that rainfall is considered as interference by research before mostly, it is inhibited, but during navigation
Space state is nearly to the research in terms of rainfall intensity estimation using marine radar echo information.It is surveyed using marine radar
Data estimation rainfall, can real-time estimation sea rain fall under sail, be respectively provided in cost, maintenance and timeliness excellent
Gesture.Therefore the estimation research for carrying out rainfall intensity using marine radar image has important theory and realistic meaning.
In radar image in terms of the identification of characteristics of rainfall, current research mainly has：Hao Yanling, Tang Yanhong et al. utilization
Image statistics --- echo average, coefficient of variation (ratio of standard deviation and echo average) identify rainfall image [7]；Shen Ji
Red, Li Ying etc. based on quality control, can reflect image texture characteristic three-dimensional surface roughness assessment parameters and signal-to-noise ratio carry out
Rainfall recognition methods [8]；Quality control is combined by Zhao Hui with two-dimensional surface roughness, it is contemplated that the characteristic of image echo strength
And the situation of change of surface texture, realize the identification [9] of rainfall image；Lund et al. proposes zero intensity percentage method [10], system
Zero intensity pixel percentage identification rainfall image in image is counted, statistical regions are view picture radar image；To opening up according to the last zero
Degree percentage has carried out specific design, and carries out rainfall image identification [11] using the zero intensity percentage of blocked area.It sees reference
(Hao Yanling, Tang Yanhong, Lu Zhi loyalty .X wave band marine radars picture noise detect and filtering method research [J] states document [7-11]
Soil resource remote sensing .2008,20 (2):The knowledge for transporting Rainfall interference in the .X-band radar images such as peach is worn after red, Li Ying in 14-17. Shen
Not with inhibiting optical precision engineering .2012,20 (8):The side of noise suppressed in 1846-1853. Zhao Hui .X band radar sea clutters
Method is with realizing [D] Harbin Engineering University Master's thesis .2014:9.Lund B,Graber H C,Romeiser R.Wind
Retrieval From Shipborne Nautical X-Band Radar Data[J].IEEE Transactions on
Geoscience and Remote Sensing.2012,50(10):3800-3811P. to opening up radar wavemeter image denoisings
Technical research and Software for Design [D] Harbin Engineering University master thesis .2015:1-3,31-40.)
In terms of the estimation of rainfall, there are mainly two types of mode, traditional rain gauge or udometric measurement and remote sensings.
Rainfall gauge can accurately measure precipitation [12] on single-point, and Chinese and western all has rain gauge long research to go through
History, as scientists are constantly studied, the rainfall gauge with automatic recording function also gradually grows up, siphon pipe rainfall gauge
It is exactly a representative, by holding the cooperation of floating drum and clock cylinder in rain pipe, records water surface fluctuation situation, automatic drafting rainfall is bent
Line.At present, rainfall gauge technology is ripe, and modern udometric structure is more and more exquisite, operating process is simple, also gradually realizes
The functions such as wireless transmission, digital technology analysis record.Rainfall is the function of room and time, is fixed point measured by rainfall gauge
Rainfall, have apparent limitation.In order to measure rainfall in larger scope in space, remote sensing gradually develops
Come.According to the position where sensor, remote sensing rainfall experienced by Ground-based remote sensing to aerial remote sensing again to space remote sensing
Development course.Sensor used in remote sensing rainfall is weather radar, so according to the type of sensor, remote sensing is undergone again
Analog signal radar, conventional numerical weather radar, Doppler radar and the several developing stage of phased array weather radar [13].
Weather radar develops into space large-range quantitative estimation rainfall intensity, realizes that precipitation predicting provides advantageous methods.With gas
As the development of Radar Technology, in order in real time, specification, systematically monitor and forecast weather condition, various countries progressively establish
The weather radar network of oneself.By 2010, the weather radar network in China was all built up by 158 weather radars.At present, I
In continuous upgrading development, very big contribution also is made that for the prediction of rainfall for the weather radar network of state.See reference document
[12-13] (assessment of Cao Junwu, Hu Zhiqun .X wave band rain detection radar intensity data and improved method [J] radar sciences and technology
.2016.6,14(3):Liu 237-243. Liping, Ge Run life China Meterological Science Research Institutes Radar meteorology studies 50 years [J] should
.2006,17 (6) is reported with meteorology:682-689.)
In order to improve the precision of rainfall estimation, both at home and abroad using multi-platform precipitation information integration technology, the most commonly used is profits
The characteristics of calibrating weather radar with rainfall gauge, carrying out rainfall estimation, radar continuous monitoring spatial distribution of precipitation can be played and
Single-point precipitation precision can be improved using rainfall gauge.In the 1970s, Sasaki Ninomiya etc. have just carried out grinding in this respect
Study carefully, China has also begun to the research in this direction from the eighties in last century.Nineteen ninety, Dai Tiepi, Fu Desheng etc. utilize weather radar
With rainfall gauge combined detection precipitation, it was demonstrated that the method is to the precision that precipitation is estimated better than radar or rainfall gauge is used alone
[14]；2004, Zheng Yuanyuan etc. to combining udometric Doppler radar quantitative estimation precipitation method largely grind
Study carefully [15]；2005, Kalman filtering was respectively adopted in Yin Zhonghai, Zhang Peiyuan, Zhao Kun et al. and adaptive Kalman filter is realized
Calibration [16] of the rainfall gauge to radar rainfall；2007, Zhang Liping was to radar joint rainfall gauge estimation area precipitation
Precision is studied [17]；2008, Tian Fuyou proposed the local averaging calibration method using rainfall meter calibrating radar estimation rain
[18], the intelligent grade of horse merges rainfall gauge using the calculus of variations and Doppler radar carries out survey rain [19]；2009, Li Jiantong etc. was combined
Two kinds of calibration methods of Kalman and best interpolation propose the calibrated realization radar of substep and rainfall gauge joint estimation rainfall [20]；2012
Year, old Yao is gloomy to be also reviewed [21] the udometric correction of radar data joint；2014, Xiao Chen introduced neutral net
Radar and rainfall gauge are to the combined measurement [22] of rainfall；2015, Wang Hongyan was using the precipitation of radar estimation to automatic rain gauge
Real-time quality control [23] is carried out, Li Jiantong etc. analyzes 10 kinds of radars and rainfall gauge joint calibration method further through multi-group data
Precision and superiority-inferiority [24], both at home and abroad to rainfall intensity estimation research still continuing.The document [14-24] that sees reference (wears iron
It is big, precision [J] the Nanjing Institute of Meteorology journal of Fu Desheng weather radars --- rainfall gauge net combined detection areal precipitation
.1990,13(4):592-597. Zheng Yuan beautiful woman, three kinds of method ratios of the Doppler radar quantitative estimation precipitation such as Xie Yifeng, Wu Linlin
.2004,20 (2) is reported compared with experiment [J] tropical meteorologies:192-19. Yin Zhong seas, Zhang Peiyuan utilize Kalman Filter calibration method
Estimation area precipitation [J] applicating atmosphere journal .2005,6 (2):The such as 213-219. Zhang Lipings, Li Lu radars combine rainfall gauge
Estimation area precipitation accuracy comparison [J] Wuhan University Journals .2007,40 (1):1-5. Tian Fuyou calibrate rainfall gauge density pair
Radar estimates the influence of basin precipitation and hydrological simulation and research [D] the China Meterological Science Research Institute masters of calibration method learn
Degree thesis whole-length .2008:The such as 1-10. Ma Hui, Wan Qilin, Chen Zitong are based on Z-I relations and become correction method improvement radar pinch-reflex ion diode
[J] tropical meteorologies report .2008,24 (5):Lee 546-549. builds region drops of the such as logical, Gao Shouting, Guo Lin based on step calibration
Water estimating and measuring method research [J] atmospheric science .2009.5,33 (3):The old Yao of 501-512. is gloomy, Ren Qiwei, Xu Hui armies Doppler
Weather radar pinch-reflex ion diode and rain flood application study progress [J] Water Conservancy Informations .2012.8 (4):10-17. Xiao Chen are manually refreshing
Research and realization [D] Nanjing School of Information Technology master thesis .2014 through network in radar quantitative measurement of rainfall:
The covering power analysis of 1-4. Wang Hongyan China New Generation Weather Radar networking Rainfall Estimations and technique study [D] Nanjing information engineering
University Ph.D. Dissertation .2015:Lee 1-16. builds logical, Li Bai, Yang Hong equality Radar-raingauges joint estimation areal precipitation
Method is examined and assessment [J] meteorologies .2015,41 (2):200-211.)
Existing rainfall estimation technology is applied in navigation, and real-time is bad, comparatively laborious, if directly utilizing boat under sail
The marine rain fall of extra large radar image estimation, then can simplify equipment, economize on resources to a certain extent, cost, maintenance and
Advantage is respectively provided in timeliness.Therefore important theory and reality anticipate the estimation research of rainfall data in marine radar image
Justice.Estimation the invention enables rainfall intensity during sail is more direct, and with higher accuracy rate.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of raininess grade inversion method based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area,
Purpose is during navigation directly to estimate marine rainfall intensity using radar image, simplifies equipment to a certain extent, drop
Low cost, convenient for safeguarding, enhance timeliness.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：Step is as follows：
Step 1, carry out observation experiment offline, determine blocked area zero intensity percentage-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula and
Echo strength average-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula：
It is offline to carry out observation experiment and carry out data statistic analysis, radar image is located in advance with selected filtering mode
Reason, the zero intensity percentage of the observation experiment radar image blocked area in statistics N group seclected times, under different rainfall intensities is with returning
Intensity of wave average, rainfall data and selected optimal modeling method using the correspondence moment of synchronous recording, respectively to blocked area
The relational expression of zero intensity percentage, echo strength average and rainfall intensity carries out linear or sectional linear fitting, obtains fitting and closes
It is formula and its coefficient；
Step 2, loading is treated inverting radar original image and is pre-processed, and extracts its blocked area zero intensity percentage and echo
Strength mean value：
Digitized radar original image has been completed in loading, it is pre-processed with selected filtering mode；Choose thunder
Up to the suitable occlusion area of image, its zero intensity percentage when echo strength average is extracted；
Step 3, rainfall intensity inverting：
By zero intensity percentage that step 2 obtains, when echo strength average substitutes into zero intensity percentage-rainfall intensity respectively
Fit correlation formula, echo strength average-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula, then obtain two rainfall intensities are averaged, really
It is set to rainfall intensity；
Step 4, rainfall intensity grade determines：
By the rainfall intensity that step 3 obtains according to given rainfall intensity grading standard, rainfall intensity grade is determined.
Present invention additionally comprises some such structure features：
1. step 1 specifically includes：
Step 1.1, carry out observation calibration experiment under the conditions of different rainfall intensities offline, read different rainfall intensity situations
Under amount to N group radar original images, identical every group of continuous observation time is t, including K width images, with the filtering side selected
Formula is pre-processed, the true rainfall that the rainfall gauge that synchronous recording corresponds in the time measures；
Step 1.2, the radar map for statistics is determined according to the angle of radar image occlusion area and radial distance scope
As fan-shaped occlusion area, radar image blocked area zero intensity percentage, the echo strength counted respectively under respective rainfall intensity is equal
Value, specific method are：
1.2.1 it is one group, to select the t times, and every group has K width radar images, the blocked area zero intensity percentage P meters of each width
Calculation method is：
In formula：f0For zero intensity pixel point number；F is pixel point total number；
Zero intensity pixel point is zero intensity signal in statistical regions, i.e. echo strength voltage value is less than zero intensity echo voltage
The pixel point of the signal of value；
And average to K required value, the value as the zero intensity percentage of blocked area in this group of time series；
1.2.2 it is one group, to select the t times, and every group has K width radar images, the blocked area echo strength average ave of each width
Computational methods are：
In formula：Ave (i) is the echo strength of each point, and m is total points of piece image blocked area；
And average to K required value, the echo strength average as blocked area in this group of time series；
1.2.3 two step methods of 1.2.1 and 1.2.2, are repeated and obtain the corresponding zero intensity hundred in N group radar images blocked area
Divide ratio, echo strength average；
Step 1.3, statistics and the common N groups rainfall at the corresponding moment of radar image in step 1.2.1,1.2.2, every group
Time is t, and rainfall intensity is the ratio of corresponding rainfall and time t；
Step 1.4, using rainfall intensity as transverse axis, zero intensity percentage is the longitudinal axis, makees rainfall intensity and zero intensity percentage
Scatter diagram, reject exceptional value present in it, using selected optimal modeling method to blocked area zero intensity percentage with drop
The relational expression of raininess degree carries out linear or sectional linear fitting, obtains fit correlation formula and each term coefficient；
Step 1.5, it is similar with step 1.4, obtain the echo strength average of occlusion area and the fit correlation of rainfall intensity
Formula and each term coefficient.
2. the step 2 specifically includes：
Step 2.1, the radar image of inverting is treated using radar image processing software loading, utilizes selected filtering method pair
It carries out co-channel interference inhibition；
Step 2.2, the radar image for statistics is determined according to radar image occlusion area angle and radial distance scope
Fan-shaped occlusion area, according to the zero intensity percentage and echo that every width radar image blocked area is calculated in step 1.2.1,1.2.2
The zero intensity percentage of radar image blocked area of inverting and echo strength average are treated in the method calculating of strength mean value.
3. the step 3 specifically includes：
Step 3.1, statistical regions zero intensity percentage is substituted into zero intensity percentage and rainfall intensity fit correlation formula, obtained
To rainfall intensity I1；
Step 3.2, it will treat that inverting radar image statistical regions echo strength average substitutes into echo strength average and rainfall is strong
Fit correlation formula is spent, obtains rainfall intensity I2；
Step 3.3, it will treat that two rainfall intensities that inverting radar image obtains are averaged, obtain final rainfall intensity I：
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：(1) present invention is more using blocked area in marine radar image
The combination of characterisitic parameter carries out determining for rainfall intensity grade, can effectively avoid influence of the sea situation to radar return, so as to more
Adequately determine raininess.(2) present invention utilizes two characterisitic parameters of blocked area in marine radar image：Zero intensity percentage
Than with echo strength average, more accurately, comprehensively the characteristics of rainfall in radar image is analyzed and counted, so as to extract drop
Rain strength information.(3) different from traditional survey rain mode, the present invention utilizes the more characterisitic parameters in blocked area in marine radar image
Combination in real time carry out rainfall intensity grade determine, can during navigation more directly, obtain rainfall data in real time.(4)
Present invention proposition carries out determining for rainfall intensity grade using the combination of blocked area in marine radar image, and fit correlation formula is
By counting a large amount of actual measurement pathfinder data, obtained with reference to the rainfall product data that rainfall gauge is surveyed, enhance the present invention's
It is credible.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the radar original image occlusion area under condition of raining；
Fig. 2 is the scatter diagram of zero intensity percentage in blocked area under different rainfall intensities；
Fig. 3 is the box traction substation of zero intensity percentage in blocked area under different rainfall intensities；
Fig. 4 is blocked area zero intensity percentage and rainfall intensity relation method of subsection simulation curve；
Fig. 5 is the scatter diagram of echo strength average in blocked area under different rainfall intensities；
Fig. 6 is the box traction substation of echo strength average in blocked area under different rainfall intensities；
Fig. 7 is blocked area echo strength average and rainfall intensity relation matched curve；
Fig. 8 is rainfall intensity error and actual measurement rainfall intensity scatter diagram；
Fig. 9 is embodiment of the present invention flow chart.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
With reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, step of the present invention is as follows：
Step 1, carry out observation experiment offline, determine blocked area zero intensity percentage-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula and return
Intensity of wave average-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula.It is offline to carry out observation experiment and carry out data statistic analysis, with selected filter
Ripple mode pre-processes radar image, counts the radar image blocked area under the different rainfall intensities in multigroup seclected time
Zero intensity percentage P and echo strength average ave, utilize the rainfall data at the correspondence moment of synchronous recording and selected optimal
Approximating method carries out linear or sectional linear fitting to the relational expression of blocked area P, ave and rainfall intensity, obtains fit correlation formula
With each term coefficient.
Step 2, loading is treated inverting radar original image and is pre-processed, and extracts its characteristic parameter, i.e. blocked area zero intensity
Percentage and echo strength average.Digitized space marine site clutter sequential chart has been completed using radar image processing software loading
Picture pre-processes it with selected filtering mode.The suitable occlusion area of radar image is chosen, extracts its characterisitic parameter：Zero
Intensity percent and echo strength average.
Step 3, rainfall intensity inverting.The blocked area characterisitic parameter that step 2 is extracted：Zero intensity percentage when echo strength
Average substitutes into zero intensity percentage-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula, echo strength average-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula respectively,
Obtain two rainfall intensities are averaged again, are determined as rainfall intensity.
Step 4, rainfall intensity grade determines.By gained rainfall intensity according to given rainfall intensity grading standard,
Determine rainfall intensity grade.
The step 1 comprises the following steps：
Step 1.1, carry out observation calibration experiment under the conditions of different rainfall intensities offline, read different rainfall intensity situations
Under amount to N group radar original images, identical every group of continuous observation time is t, including K width images, with the filtering side selected
Formula is pre-processed, the true rainfall that the rainfall gauge that synchronous recording corresponds in the time measures.
Step 1.2, the radar image for statistics is determined according to radar image occlusion area angle and radial distance scope
Fan-shaped occlusion area counts radar image blocked area zero intensity percentage P under respective rainfall intensity, echo strength average respectively
ave.Specific method is：
1.2.1 it is one group, to select the t times, and every group has K width radar images, the blocked area zero intensity percentage P meters of each width
Calculation method is：
In formula：f0For zero intensity pixel point number；F is pixel point total number；
Zero intensity pixel point is zero intensity signal in statistical regions, i.e. echo strength voltage value is less than zero intensity echo voltage
The pixel point of the signal of value.
And average to K required value, the value as the zero intensity percentage of blocked area in this group of time series；
1.2.2 it is one group, to select the t times, and every group has K width radar images, the blocked area echo strength average ave of each width
Computational methods are：
In formula：Ave (i) is the echo strength of each point, and m is total points of piece image blocked area；
And average to K required value, the echo strength average as blocked area in this group of time series；
1.2.3 two step methods of 1.2.1 and 1.2.2, are repeated and obtain the corresponding P and ave in N group radar images blocked area；
Step 1.3, statistics and the common N groups rainfall at the corresponding moment of radar image in step 1.2.1,1.2.2, every group
Time is t, and rainfall intensity is the ratio of corresponding rainfall and time t.
Step 1.4, using rainfall intensity as transverse axis, zero intensity percentage is the longitudinal axis, makees rainfall intensity and zero intensity percentage
Scatter diagram, reject exceptional value present in it, using selected optimal modeling method to blocked area zero intensity percentage with drop
The relational expression of raininess degree carries out linear or sectional linear fitting, obtains fit correlation formula and each term coefficient.
Step 1.5, the echo strength average of occlusion area and the plan of rainfall intensity are obtained with the method similar with step 1.4
Close relational expression and each term coefficient.
The step 2 comprises the following steps：
Step 2.1, the radar image of inverting is treated using radar image processing software loading, utilizes selected filtering method pair
It carries out co-channel interference inhibition；
Step 2.2, the radar image for statistics is determined according to radar image occlusion area angle and radial distance scope
Fan-shaped occlusion area, according to the zero intensity percentage that every width radar image blocked area is calculated in above-mentioned steps 1.2.1,1.2.2 and
The zero intensity percentage P of radar image blocked area of inverting and echo strength average ave is treated in the method calculating of echo strength average.
The step 3 comprises the following steps：
Step 3.1, it will treat that inverting radar image statistical regions zero intensity percentage substitutes into zero intensity percentage and rainfall is strong
Fit correlation formula is spent, obtains rainfall intensity I1；
Step 3.2, it will treat that inverting radar image statistical regions echo strength average substitutes into echo strength average and rainfall is strong
Fit correlation formula is spent, obtains rainfall intensity I2；
Step 3.3, obtain two rainfall intensities are averaged, obtain final rainfall intensity I：
Below in conjunction with attached drawing to the rain proposed by the present invention based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area
Strong grade inversion method is described in further detail.Embodiment flow chart is shown in Fig. 9, can specifically be divided into the following steps, the
One step is to determine that blocked area zero intensity percentage is fitted with rainfall intensity fit correlation formula and echo strength average with rainfall intensity
Relational expression；Second step is treated inverting radar original image and is pre-processed for loading, extracts its blocked area zero intensity percentage and when returns
Intensity of wave average characteristics parameter；3rd step is rainfall intensity inverting；4th step determines for rainfall intensity grade.
Present invention experiment marine radar used is X-band pathfinder, works in burst mode, pulse recurrence frequency
It for 1300Hz, is stored after echo data digitlization with polar form by line, the time interval between two adjacent storage lines is less than
1ms, the time about 2.5s of radar antenna run-down, 32 width radar image of continuous acquisition need 80s, have about 1.5min afterwards
Dead time.Therefore, about 96 width radar images are had when the time, t was chosen for 10min.One width radar image of radar it is total
Line number is about 3300, has 600 pixel points on every line, azimuth resolution is about 0.1 °, and radial resolving power is about
7.5m。
Rainfall gauge used in experiment is mounted on radar near zone, is recorded in units of accumulation rainfall per minute, rain
Flowmeter measurement precision is 0.1mm, and rainfall is accumulated in 1 minute and is not up to 0.1mm and is recorded as 0.
With reference to attached drawing 1~9, the technology specifically comprises the steps of：
The first step carries out observation experiment offline, determine blocked area zero intensity percentage and rainfall intensity fit correlation formula and
Echo strength average and rainfall intensity fit correlation formula.Specifically include following steps：
Step 1.1, carry out observation experiment offline, the completion under different rain falls is loaded with radar image processing software
Digitized space marine site clutter consecutive image totally 510 groups, sets every group of time t as 10min, then shares 96 width images for every group.
Selected filtering mode is medium filtering, makees co-channel interference inhibition processing in a manner of medium filtering.Synchronous recording was corresponded in the time
The true rainfall that rainfall gauge measures.
Step 1.2, the radar map for statistics is determined according to the angle of radar image occlusion area and radial distance scope
As fan-shaped occlusion area, different lower 510 groups of rainfall intensities, every group of 10min, the radar image blocked area zero intensity hundred of 96 width are counted
Divide than P, echo strength average ave.Such as attached drawing 1, radar image blocked area is 50 ° to 90 ° of orientation, radially 80 to 600 points
Sector region, Fig. 1 are the radar image blocked area in the case of rainfall intensity is larger.Rainfall is more serious, and radar echo intensity is higher,
The brightness presented in figure is higher.
Count the radar image blocked area zero intensity percentage and echo in the lower 510 groups of 10min of above-mentioned different rainfall intensities
Strength mean value, specific method are：
1.2.1 the zero intensity percentage of one group of totally 96 width radar image blocked area, the zero intensity percentage of each width, are calculated
P computational methods are：
In formula：f0For zero intensity pixel point number；F is pixel point total number；
Zero intensity pixel point is the pixel point that echo signal intensity is zero intensity signal in statistical regions, i.e. its echo strength
Voltage value is less than zero intensity echo voltage value, and zero intensity echo voltage value is chosen to be 0.3V in this example.
It averages to 96 required values, the zero intensity percentage as this group of time series (10min) interior blocked area
Value；
1.2.2 the echo strength average of one group of totally 96 width radar image blocked area, the echo strength average of each width, are calculated
Ave computational methods are：
In formula：Ave (i) is the echo strength of each point, and m is total points of piece image blocked area；
Always points about 192400, computational methods are 50 ° to 90 ° about 370 for radar image blocked area used in the present invention
Line, the pixel number on every line are 520 (80 to 600 points).
And average to 96 required values, the echo strength average as this group of time series (10min) interior blocked area；
1.2.3 P and ave that two step methods of 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 obtain 510 groups of radar image blocked area, are repeated；
Step 1.3, the rainfall in above-mentioned 510 groups of radar images corresponding 10min times is counted.
Step 1.4, using rainfall intensity as transverse axis, zero intensity percentage is the longitudinal axis, makees rainfall intensity and zero intensity percentage
Relational graph is as shown in Figure 2.As seen from the figure, with the increase of rainfall intensity, the zero intensity percentage of radar image blocked area subtracts
Small, after rainfall intensity reaches certain value, zero intensity percentage tends to saturation, and variation is slow.
Rejecting abnormalities value.The blocked area zero intensity percentage of 510 groups of radar images is grouped by rainfall intensity size,
Due to real data, data volume differs under different rainfall intensities, is the statistical law of data under each rainfall intensity of directviewing description,
The box traction substation of each group of data under different rainfall intensities is drawn, as shown in Figure 3.Zero intensity percent profile under different rainfall intensities
There is no specific rule, it can be seen that with the increase of rainfall intensity, the intermediate value of zero intensity percentage is gradually reduced, the last zero
Degree percentage totally also has the trend being gradually reduced.In addition, point scattered in figure is exceptional value existing for data, exceptional value is deposited
Harmful effect can be being caused to experimental result, therefore rejected, delete 10 groups of exceptional values altogether.
The blocked area zero intensity percentage of rejecting abnormalities value with corresponding rainfall intensity is counted, totally 500 groups of data, tied
Close the box traction substation of zero intensity percentage under the different rainfall intensities of attached drawing 3, it is known that, zero intensity percent data is wherein in each ladder
Value is nearby relatively concentrated, and in order to reduce error, the reduction lap that data are brought in itself, is chosen under each rainfall intensity, the last zero
Degree percentage compare concentration data value choose box traction substation median up and down each 1/4 totally 1/2 data count again.
Selected fit approach is least square fitting.Using least square method to blocked area zero intensity percentage and rainfall
The relation of intensity carries out linear or sectional linear fitting, obtains fit correlation formula and each term coefficient.Obtain fitting result such as attached drawing 4
It is shown.Piecewise fitting relational expression is
In formula：X is zero intensity percentage, and y is rainfall intensity.
The error of piecewise fitting method is slightly less than the error of overall linear approximating method, and actual measurement rainfall intensity is surveyed with theoretical
Related coefficient between rainfall intensity is 0.9713.
Attached drawing 5,6,7 is the echo strength average statistical result of the occlusion area obtained with same procedure.Linear closes
It is that formula is y=5.806x-1.366.
In formula：X is echo strength average, and y is rainfall intensity.
The rainfall intensity I that will be obtained using blocked area zero intensity percentage1With being worth to using blocked area echo strength
Rainfall intensity I2The average value of the two is as final rainfall intensity I：
Attached drawing 8 is inverting rainfall intensity error and actual measurement rainfall intensity scatter diagram, and error amount is in -0.2~+0.2mm/
Between 10min, meet the requirements.
Second step is treated inverting radar original image and is pre-processed for loading, extracts its blocked area zero intensity percentage and when returns
Intensity of wave average characteristics parameter.It concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 2.1, the radar image of inverting will be treated using radar image processing software loading, utilizes selected medium filtering
Mode carries out it co-channel interference inhibition processing；
Step 2.2, take 50 ° to 90 ° of its orientation, radially the fan-shaped occlusion area of 80 to 600 points, according to step 1.2.1,
1.2.2 calculate the zero intensity percentage of every width radar image blocked area and the radar of inverting is treated in the method calculating of echo strength average
The zero intensity percentage P of image blocked area and echo strength average ave.
3rd step is rainfall intensity inverting.It concretely comprises the following steps：
Step 3.1, it will treat that inverting radar image statistical regions zero intensity percentage substitutes into zero intensity percentage and rainfall is strong
Fit correlation formula is spent, obtains rainfall intensity I1；
Step 3.2, it will treat that inverting radar image statistical regions echo strength average substitutes into echo strength average and rainfall is strong
Fit correlation formula is spent, obtains rainfall intensity I2；
Step 3.3, obtain two rainfall intensities are averaged according to formula 6, obtain final rainfall intensity I.
4th step determines for rainfall intensity grade.By gained rainfall intensity according to selected rainfall intensity grading standard
Determine rainfall intensity grade.According in document to the standard of rainfall grade classification, the rainfall intensity grading standard in 10min
It is chosen to be as shown in Table 1：
One rainfall intensity grading standard of table
By gained rainfall intensity according to this standard divided rank.
Using the raininess grade inverting side proposed by the present invention based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area
Method to choose Nanping Prefecture acquisition 2010 to 2013 during a large amount of measured datas carry out experimental analysis, monitor spots in
On neighbouring Hai Tan islands, around with the presence of mountain peak, therefore the occlusion area in radar image is formed.It is attached that rainfall gauge is mounted on radar
Closely, precision 0.1mm.
To prove that the application present invention carries out the feasibility of rainfall intensity grade, by taking an example as an example, an original radar
Image, corresponding rainfall intensity are 0.5mm/10min, and rainfall intensity grade is moderate rain, and it is 50 ° of orientation to set experiment statistics region
To 90 °, the sector region of 80 points to 600 points of radial direction.Radar image blocked area zero intensity percentage and echo strength average are calculated,
As shown in Table 2.
Two precipitation radar image identification parameter of table
According to relational expression, blocked area zero intensity percentage is substituted into linear relation y=-1.04x+1.051, blocked area is returned
Intensity of wave average substitutes into relational expression y=5.806x-1.366, acquires rainfall intensity I1=0.4881, I2=0.5471, the two it is equal
Value I=0.5176, then the rainfall intensity value at this moment is 0.52mm/10min, and rainfall intensity grade is moderate rain.With surveying rainfall
For intensity value 0.5mm/10min there are the error of 0.02mm/10min, rainfall intensity grade is consistent.
Further to verify feasibility, several original radar images different from statistics used are chosen, according to above-mentioned
Step carries out experimental verification.Precipitation radar image under 580 width difference rainfall intensities, result such as three institute of table of rainfall intensity inverting
Show：
Three rainfall intensity grade definitive result of table
Raininess grade inversion method based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area proposed by the invention
It directly can estimate marine rain fall using radar image under sail, equipment can be simplified to a certain extent, in cost, dimension
Advantage is respectively provided in shield and timeliness, inverting rainfall strong grade entirety accuracy more fully make use of navigation up to 85%
Rainfall data in journey, the measurement for marine rainfall provide a kind of new approach.
To sum up, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of drops based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area
Rain strength grade inversion method.First, carry out observation experiment offline, determine rainfall intensity and zero intensity percentage, echo strength
The fit correlation formula of average；Then, treat inverting radar original image to be pre-processed, calculate blocked area characterisitic parameter：The last zero
Spend percentage, echo strength average；Afterwards, it is substituted into zero intensity percentage and rainfall intensity fit correlation formula, echo respectively
Strength mean value and rainfall intensity fit correlation formula, obtain two rainfall intensities；Finally, obtain two rainfall intensities are averaging
Value is as last rainfall intensity, so that it is determined that rainfall intensity grade.Effect, this method inverting drop are examined using measured data
For raininess grade entirety accuracy up to 85%, this method provides a kind of new convenient way for the rainfall measurement during navigation.
Claims (4)
1. the raininess grade inversion method based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area, it is characterised in that：Step
It is as follows：
Step 1, carry out observation experiment offline, determine the zero intensity percentage-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula and echo of blocked area
Strength mean value-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula：
It is offline to carry out observation experiment and carry out data statistic analysis, radar image is pre-processed with selected filtering mode,
Count the zero intensity percentage and echo of the observation experiment radar image blocked area in N group seclected times, under different rainfall intensities
Strength mean value, rainfall data and selected optimal modeling method using the correspondence moment of synchronous recording, respectively to blocked area zero
The relational expression of intensity percent, echo strength average and rainfall intensity carries out linear or sectional linear fitting, obtains fit correlation
Formula and its coefficient；
Step 2, loading is treated inverting radar original image and is pre-processed, and extracts its blocked area zero intensity percentage and echo strength
Average：
Digitized radar original image has been completed in loading, it is pre-processed with selected filtering mode；Choose radar map
As suitable occlusion area, its zero intensity percentage when echo strength average is extracted；
Step 3, rainfall intensity inverting：
By zero intensity percentage that step 2 obtains, when echo strength average substitutes into zero intensity percentage-rainfall intensity fitting respectively
Relational expression, echo strength average-rainfall intensity fit correlation formula, then obtain two rainfall intensities are averaged, it is determined as
Rainfall intensity；
Step 4, rainfall intensity grade determines：
By the rainfall intensity that step 3 obtains according to given rainfall intensity grading standard, rainfall intensity grade is determined.
2. the raininess grade inverting side according to claim 1 based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area
Method, it is characterised in that：Step 1 specifically includes：
Step 1.1, observation calibration experiment is carried out under the conditions of different rainfall intensities offline, in the case of reading different rainfall intensities
N groups radar original image altogether, identical every group of continuous observation time is t, including K width images, with selected filtering mode into
Row pretreatment, the true rainfall that the rainfall gauge that synchronous recording corresponds in the time measures；
Step 1.2, the radar image fan for statistics is determined according to the angle of radar image occlusion area and radial distance scope
Shape occlusion area counts radar image blocked area zero intensity percentage under respective rainfall intensity, echo strength average, tool respectively
Body method is：
1.2.1 it is one group, to select the t times, and every group has K width radar images, the blocked area zero intensity percentage P calculating sides of each width
Method is：
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>f</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mi>f</mi>
</mfrac>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mn>100</mn>
<mi>%</mi>
</mrow>
In formula：f0For zero intensity pixel point number；F is pixel point total number；
Zero intensity pixel point is zero intensity signal in statistical regions, i.e. echo strength voltage value is less than zero intensity echo voltage value
The pixel point of signal；
And average to K required value, the value as the zero intensity percentage of blocked area in this group of time series；
1.2.2 it is one group, to select the t times, and every group has K width radar images, and the blocked area echo strength average ave of each width is calculated
Method is：
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<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
</munderover>
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<mo>(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
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In formula：Ave (i) is the echo strength of each point, and m is total points of piece image blocked area；
And average to K required value, the echo strength average as blocked area in this group of time series；
1.2.3 two step methods of 1.2.1 and 1.2.2, are repeated and obtain the corresponding zero intensity percentage in N group radar images blocked area
Than, echo strength average；
Step 1.3, statistics and the common N groups rainfall at the corresponding moment of radar image in step 1.2.1,1.2.2, every group of time
For t, rainfall intensity is the ratio of corresponding rainfall and time t；
Step 1.4, using rainfall intensity as transverse axis, zero intensity percentage is the longitudinal axis, makees dissipating for rainfall intensity and zero intensity percentage
Point diagram rejects exceptional value present in it, strong to blocked area zero intensity percentage and rainfall using selected optimal modeling method
The relational expression of degree carries out linear or sectional linear fitting, obtains fit correlation formula and each term coefficient；
Step 1.5, with reference to step 1.4, the echo strength average of occlusion area and the fit correlation formula of rainfall intensity and respectively are obtained
Term coefficient.
3. the raininess grade inverting side according to claim 2 based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area
Method, it is characterised in that：The step 2 specifically includes：
Step 2.1, treat the radar image of inverting using radar image processing software loading, using selected filtering method to its into
Row co-channel interference inhibits；
Step 2.2, determined according to radar image occlusion area angle and radial distance scope fan-shaped for the radar image of statistics
Occlusion area, according to the zero intensity percentage and echo strength that every width radar image blocked area is calculated in step 1.2.1,1.2.2
The zero intensity percentage of radar image blocked area of inverting and echo strength average are treated in the method calculating of average.
4. the raininess grade inverting side according to claim 3 based on the more characterisitic parameter combinations in marine radar image blocked area
Method, it is characterised in that：The step 3 specifically includes：
Step 3.1, it will treat that inverting radar image statistical regions zero intensity percentage substitutes into zero intensity percentage and intends with rainfall intensity
Relational expression is closed, obtains rainfall intensity I1；
Step 3.2, it will treat that inverting radar image statistical regions echo strength average substitutes into echo strength average and intends with rainfall intensity
Relational expression is closed, obtains rainfall intensity I2；
Step 3.3, obtain two rainfall intensities are averaged, obtain final rainfall intensity I：
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
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| CN111722195A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | 上海蛮酷科技有限公司 | Radar occlusion detection method and computer storage medium |
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| CN110208807A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-06 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of raininess grade inversion method based on marine radar image detection region otherness parameter |
| CN111722195A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | 上海蛮酷科技有限公司 | Radar occlusion detection method and computer storage medium |
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