CN108086930B - Reverse circulation pipe following drilling tool for soft rock stratum and drilling process - Google Patents
Reverse circulation pipe following drilling tool for soft rock stratum and drilling process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108086930B CN108086930B CN201810082390.XA CN201810082390A CN108086930B CN 108086930 B CN108086930 B CN 108086930B CN 201810082390 A CN201810082390 A CN 201810082390A CN 108086930 B CN108086930 B CN 108086930B
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- wall
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/22—Rods or pipes with helical structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The drilling tool is of a coaxial three-channel structure and comprises a double-wall drill rod, a spiral drill rod, a drill bit, a sleeve and a pipe shoe, wherein a slag discharging channel is formed by a central hole of an inner pipe of the double-wall drill rod and a central hole of the inner pipe of the spiral drill rod, an air inlet channel is formed by an annular gap between the inner pipe of the spiral drill rod and an outer pipe of the spiral drill rod, and an outer ring channel is formed by an annular gap between the outer pipe of the spiral drill rod and the sleeve; compressed air enters the drill bit through the air inlet channel and is split, so that the compressed air is used for assisting the cutting edge in breaking the stratum and realizing reverse circulation slag discharge. And the drill cuttings suspended in the outer ring channel go upwards along the spiral blade, enter the slag discharging channel through the slag discharging window and return to the ground surface. The invention adopts the fluid medium reverse circulation slag discharging and the spiral blade auxiliary slag discharging in the drilling process, realizes the drilling with a pipe to protect the hole wall, can solve the problems of burial, difficult slag discharging, difficult hole forming and the like in the soft rock soil layer drilling process, and realizes the integrated operation of drilling, collapse prevention, dust removal and wall protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reverse circulation pipe-following drilling tool for a soft rock soil layer, in particular to a drilling tool and a drilling process for synchronous operation of reverse circulation slag discharge, spiral drilling powder discharge and concentric pipe-following drilling.
Background
When loose, cementing, easy-to-crush, easy-to-hydrate and other soft rock soil layers are drilled, the construction difficulty is high, the problems of difficult coring, difficult pore forming, collapse of pore walls and the like are often encountered, the drilling effect is not ideal, the main reason is that drilling is easy while drilling is carried out in the construction process, the slag discharge amount is high, accidents such as drill sticking, drill clamping and drill burying can also occur, and the drilling efficiency is low. Therefore, a drilling technology is needed, which not only can solve the problem of hole collapse after hole forming in the drilling process, but also can improve the drilling efficiency, and simultaneously can improve the collection rate of drill cuttings and reduce the dust pollution of an orifice.
The Chinese patent document CN201310566830.6 discloses a double-layer inner deslagging anti-blocking drilling tool for drilling a soft protruding coal seam and a use method thereof, and the double-layer inner deslagging anti-blocking drilling tool comprises a double-layer inner deslagging anti-blocking drilling rod, a central reflux drill bit, a rotary sealing water supply device and the like, wherein the rotary sealing water supply device is connected with the double-layer inner deslagging anti-blocking drilling rod on the drilling machine, the central reflux drill bit is arranged at the front end of the drilling rod, and the drilling rod consists of an outer drilling rod body, an inner connecting pipe and a porous pipe welded on the inner wall of the inner connecting pipe.
The Chinese patent document CN104514487 discloses a reverse circulation drilling device for a soft protruding coal seam and a drilling process thereof, wherein the reverse circulation drilling device comprises a drilling machine, an active double-wall drilling rod, a double-channel tap, a drill bit and an air compressor. As the drill bit continues to drill into the formation, a double-walled drill pipe is continuously connected between the active double-walled drill pipe and the drill bit. The drilling tool can effectively prevent collapse in holes, can drill in broken stratum, has poor reverse circulation effect at shallow hole sections, and is easy to collapse after lifting the drilling tool.
The Chinese patent document CN105781419 discloses an injection type suction drilling tool for a soft stratum drilling center slag discharge and a use method, wherein the drilling tool comprises an air inlet pipe, a slag discharge pipe, a power head and a drill rod, a slag discharge channel and an air inlet channel are arranged in the drill rod, and an injection type suction drill bit is arranged at the front end of the drill rod. Jet air sprayed out of the jet hole has stirring effect on the bottom of the drill hole and pushes drill cuttings at the bottom of the hole to enter the central slag discharging channel, so that the drilling efficiency and the drilling depth can be greatly improved. However, the annular gap between the drill bit and the drill rod is large, the reverse circulation is unstable, and the problem that the hole is easy to collapse after the drill bit is lifted still cannot be solved.
Therefore, a new solution is needed in the prior art to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a loose and soft rock-soil layer reverse circulation pipe following drilling tool and a drilling process. Jet flow formed by the drill bit injection holes forms negative pressure in the central slag discharging channel, so that reverse circulation transportation of drill cuttings is realized; the drill cuttings suspended in the annular gap between the drilling tool and the casing pipe ascend along the spiral blades along with the rotation of the drilling rod, enter the central slag discharging channel through the slag discharging window and finally return to the ground surface. In the drilling process, the drill bit drives the sleeve to rotate downwards through the pipe shoe, so that reverse circulation drilling is realized, sleeve wall protection is realized, hole accidents such as shrinkage, collapse, hole wall instability and the like of a soft rock soil layer can be effectively solved, reverse circulation slag discharge is utilized to enable dust removal to be more effective, and drilling, collapse prevention, dust removal and wall protection integrated operation is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a soft rock soil stratum reverse circulation is with pipe drilling tool which characterized in that: the double-wall drill pipe is respectively communicated with the slag discharging pipe and the air inlet pipe through the power head; the upper end of the spiral drill rod is connected with the double-wall drill rod through an upper spiral drill rod connector, the lower end of the spiral drill rod is connected with a drill bit through a lower spiral drill rod connector, the double-wall drill rod consists of an outer double-wall drill rod pipe and an inner double-wall drill rod pipe, an annular gap is formed between the outer double-wall drill rod pipe and the inner double-wall drill rod pipe, a slag discharging window is formed in the side wall of the spiral drill rod, the spiral drill rod is of a double-layer structure and comprises an inner spiral drill rod pipe and an outer spiral drill rod pipe which are coaxially arranged, the annular gap is formed between the inner spiral drill rod pipe and the outer spiral drill rod pipe, the length of the inner spiral drill rod pipe is greater than that of the outer spiral drill rod pipe, and spiral blades are welded outside the side wall of the outer spiral drill rod pipe; the sleeve and the pipe shoe form a sleeve assembly, and the sleeve assembly is sleeved outside the double-wall drill rod, the upper joint of the spiral drill rod, the lower joint of the spiral drill rod and the drill bit;
the reverse circulation pipe following drilling tool is of a coaxial three-channel structure, a slag discharging channel is formed by a central hole of the inner pipe of the double-wall drill pipe and a central hole of the inner pipe of the spiral drill pipe, an air inlet channel is formed by an annular gap between the inner pipe of the spiral drill pipe and the outer pipe of the spiral drill pipe, and an outer ring channel is formed by an annular gap between the outer pipe of the spiral drill pipe and the sleeve;
the drill bit is provided with a double-wall structure formed by an inner wall and an outer wall, an annular groove-shaped air inlet chamber is formed in an interlayer space between the inner wall and the outer wall, a spline is arranged on the drill bit, the drill bit is propped against a step surface of a pipe shoe through the spline, a cutting edge is inlaid at the working end of the drill bit, and a water gap is formed in the drill bit;
the nozzles and the injection holes are staggered on the drill bit, and the nozzles are arranged along the radial direction of the drill bit; the leading hole is inclined, and the center line of the leading hole forms an included angle of 30 degrees with the axis of the drill bit.
The upper end of the screw drill rod upper joint is in threaded connection with the double-wall drill rod outer pipe, and the lower end of the screw drill rod upper joint is in threaded connection with the screw drill rod outer pipe; the upper end of the inner pipe of the spiral drill rod is connected with the inner pipe of the double-wall drill rod in a plugging manner, and the lower end of the inner pipe of the spiral drill rod is connected with the drill bit in a plugging manner; the upper end of the screw drill rod lower joint is in threaded connection with the screw drill rod outer pipe, and the lower end of the screw drill rod lower joint is in threaded connection with the drill bit; the sleeve is connected with the pipe shoe through threads and is connected with the drill bit through a spline in an inserting mode.
The number of the nozzles is three, and the three nozzles are uniformly distributed on the drill bit; the number of the injection holes is three, the three injection holes are uniformly distributed on the drill bit, and the injection holes and the nozzles are staggered.
The length of the auger is less than or equal to 3m.
The reverse circulation drilling process for the soft rock soil layer is characterized by adopting the reverse circulation heel tube drilling tool for the soft rock soil layer, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
a. installing a reverse circulation pipe-following drilling tool which is of a coaxial three-channel structure, wherein a slag discharging channel is formed by a central hole of an inner pipe of a double-wall drill pipe and a central hole of an inner pipe of a spiral drill pipe, an air inlet channel is formed by an annular gap between the inner pipe of the spiral drill pipe and an outer pipe of the spiral drill pipe, and an outer ring channel is formed by an annular gap between the outer pipe of the spiral drill pipe and a sleeve;
b. compressed air is sent into an annular gap of a double-wall drill rod through an air inlet pipe through a power head, flows down to a ring-shaped air inlet chamber of a drill bit along an air inlet channel of the spiral drill rod and is split, one part of air is sprayed outwards through a nozzle to form air jet flow to wash a Fang Songruan rock soil layer under a cutting pipe shoe, an auxiliary cutting blade rotates to break rock, the other part of air is sprayed upwards obliquely through an injection hole, a negative pressure area is formed in the slag discharge channel to suck drill cuttings at the bottom of the drill hole, the drill cuttings at the bottom of the drill hole enter the slag discharge channel and return upwards, and meanwhile, the drill cuttings suspended in an outer ring channel flow upwards along a spiral blade of the spiral drill rod and enter the slag discharge channel through a slag discharge window, and the two parts of drill cuttings return upwards together and enter a ground surface collecting device through the slag discharge pipe;
c. in the soft rock soil layer drilling process, after the power head is connected with the double-wall drill rod, the power head drives the double-wall drill rod, the spiral drill rod and the drill bit to synchronously rotate, and meanwhile, the drill bit applies rotation torque and axial pressure to the pipe shoe through the spline and the step, so that concentric casing drilling is realized.
Through the design scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the cutting edge rotation and air jet auxiliary cutting mode is utilized to implement broken rock drilling on a soft rock soil layer, and meanwhile, the drill bit is utilized to apply compressive stress to the sleeve, so that the problems of wall protection during drilling and hole wall collapse are effectively prevented;
2. compressed air is sprayed upwards in the slag discharging channel obliquely through the injection hole to form a negative pressure area, so that suction effect is generated on drilling cuttings at the bottom of a drill hole, reverse circulation slag discharging is formed, and further, the drilling cuttings migration efficiency is improved;
3. the drill cuttings suspended in the annular gap between the drill rod and the sleeve pipe ascend along the spiral blade along with the rotation of the drill rod, enter a central slag discharging channel through a slag discharging window and return to the ground surface in a reverse circulation mode;
4. the drilling tool adopts a coaxial connection mode, so that the connection strength is high, the screwing and the unscrewing are convenient and quick, and the tightness is good;
5. the reverse circulation following pipe drilling is realized on the soft rock soil layer, so that the accidents in the holes such as diameter shrinkage, collapse, wall instability and the like of the soft rock soil layer can be effectively solved, the reverse circulation slag discharge is utilized to enable dust removal to be more effective, and the drilling, collapse prevention, dust removal and wall protection integrated operation is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a undue limitation of the invention, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the reverse circulation heel tube drilling tool for soft rock soil layers of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a section A-A of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional block diagram of a drill bit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional view of the auger stem of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the reverse circulation drilling process of the soft rock soil layer of the invention.
The figures are marked as follows: 1-slag discharging pipe, 2-power head, 3-air inlet pipe, 4-double-wall drill pipe, 5-double-wall drill pipe outer pipe, 6-double-wall drill pipe inner pipe, 7-sleeve pipe, 8-screw drill pipe upper joint, 9-screw drill pipe inner pipe, 10-slag discharging window, 11-screw drill pipe outer pipe, 12-screw drill pipe, 13-screw drill pipe lower joint, 14-drill bit, 15-pipe shoe, 16-nozzle, 17-cutting edge, 18-injection hole, 19-air inlet chamber, 20-slag discharging channel, 21-air inlet channel and 22-outer ring channel.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that. The following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the reverse circulation casing drilling tool for the soft rock and soil stratum is of a coaxial three-channel structure and comprises a double-wall drilling rod 4, a spiral drilling rod 12, a drill bit 14, a sleeve 7 and a pipe shoe 15, wherein the double-wall drilling rod 4 consists of a double-wall drilling rod outer pipe 5 and a double-wall drilling rod inner pipe 6, an annular gap is formed between the double-wall drilling rod outer pipe 5 and the double-wall drilling rod inner pipe 6, the spiral drilling rod 12 is of a double-layer structure, the spiral drilling rod 12 comprises a spiral drilling rod inner pipe 9 and a spiral drilling rod outer pipe 11 which are coaxially arranged, the spiral drilling rod inner pipe 9 and the spiral drilling rod outer pipe 11 form an annular gap, the length of the spiral drilling rod inner pipe 9 is larger than that of the spiral drilling rod outer pipe 11, and spiral blades are welded outside the side wall of the spiral drilling rod outer pipe 11; the central hole of the double-wall drill pipe inner pipe 6 and the central hole of the spiral drill pipe inner pipe 9 form a slag discharging channel 20, an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe inner pipe 9 and the spiral drill pipe outer pipe 11 forms an air inlet channel 21, and an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe outer pipe 11 and the sleeve 7 forms an outer ring channel 22; the casing 7 and the pipe shoe 15 form a casing assembly, the casing 7 and the pipe shoe 15 play a role in supporting and protecting the hole wall, and the casing assembly is sleeved outside the double-wall drill rod 4, the upper spiral drill rod joint 8, the spiral drill rod 12, the lower spiral drill rod joint 13 and the drill bit 14;
the upper part of the double-wall drill rod 4 is provided with a power head 2, and the double-wall drill rod 4 is respectively communicated with the slag discharging pipe 1 and the air inlet pipe 3 through the power head 2; the upper end of the spiral drill rod 12 is connected with the double-wall drill rod 4 through an upper spiral drill rod connector 8, the lower end of the spiral drill rod 12 is in threaded connection with a drill bit 14 through a lower spiral drill rod connector 13, the upper end of the upper spiral drill rod connector 8 is in threaded connection with the outer double-wall drill rod pipe 5, and the lower end of the upper spiral drill rod connector 8 is in threaded connection with the outer spiral drill rod pipe 11; the upper end of the inner pipe 9 of the spiral drill rod is connected with the inner pipe 6 of the double-wall drill rod in a plugging manner, the lower end of the inner pipe 9 of the spiral drill rod is connected with the drill bit 14 in a plugging manner, the connection strength is high, the sealing effect is good, and the screwing and the unscrewing are convenient; the upper end of the screw rod lower joint 13 is in threaded connection with the screw rod outer pipe 11, and the lower end of the screw rod lower joint 13 is in threaded connection with the drill bit 14; the sleeve 7 is connected with the pipe shoe 15 by adopting threads and is spliced with the drill bit 14 by a spline;
as shown in fig. 2, during drilling, the drill bit 14 applies rotation torque and axial pressure to the pipe shoe 15 through the spline and the step, and the casing 7 is used for protecting the hole wall, so that concentric casing drilling is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the drill bit 14 is of a reverse circulation structure, and has a double-wall structure formed by an inner wall and an outer wall, an annular air inlet chamber 19 is formed in an interlayer space between the inner wall and the outer wall, splines are processed on the drill bit 14, the drill bit 14 is connected with the outer pipe 11 of the spiral drill rod through the lower joint 13 of the spiral drill rod, and is connected with the inner pipe 9 of the spiral drill rod in a plugging manner, the drill bit 14 is designed with three uniformly distributed injection holes 18 with an angle of 30 degrees in an inclined direction, namely, the center line of the injection holes 18 forms an angle of 30 degrees with the axis of the drill bit 14, and three uniformly distributed radial nozzles 16 are required to be staggered; a cutting edge 17 is inlaid at the working end of the drill bit 14, and a water gap is reserved. In the drilling process, the cutting edge 17 is utilized to rotationally cut the soft rock soil layer, and air jet formed by the nozzle 16 assists in cutting the soft rock soil layer below the pipe shoe 15 and drives the sleeve 7 to move downwards together. The compressed air forms a high-speed jet through the injection hole 18, and forms a stable negative pressure area in the slag discharge channel 20 to suck the drill cuttings at the bottom of the drill hole, so that the drill cuttings at the bottom of the drill hole enter the slag discharge channel 20 and return upwards to the ground surface.
As shown in FIG. 4, the spiral drill rod 12 is of a coaxial double-channel structure, spiral blades are designed on the outer pipe 11 of the spiral drill rod, the length of the spiral drill rod 12 is not more than 3m, and the spiral drill rod is connected between the double-wall drill rod 4 and the drill bit 14. The auger stem 14 is provided with a slag discharge window 10, and cuttings suspended in the outer annular channel 22 travel up the auger stem 12 helical blades and pass through the slag discharge window 10 into the central slag discharge channel 20 and up to the surface. In addition, the helical blades on the auger stem 12 can form a multi-channel ring groove seal, which is beneficial to the fluid seal of the outer ring channel 22 and ensures the stability of reverse circulation slag discharge.
The drilling tool structure integrates three advanced processes of reverse circulation deslagging, spiral drill rod deslagging and concentric pipe drilling, can effectively solve the problems of shrinkage, collapse, wall instability and other hole accidents of a soft rock soil layer, and realizes drilling, collapse prevention, dust removal and wall protection integrated operation.
The reverse circulation drilling process of the soft rock soil layer is shown in fig. 1 and 5:
a. installing a reverse circulation pipe-following drilling tool which is of a coaxial three-channel structure, wherein a slag discharging channel 20 is formed by a central hole of the double-wall drill pipe inner pipe 6 and a central hole of the spiral drill pipe inner pipe 9, an air inlet channel 21 is formed by an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe inner pipe 9 and the spiral drill pipe outer pipe 11, and an outer ring channel 22 is formed by an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe outer pipe 11 and the sleeve 7;
b. compressed air is sent into an annular gap of the double-wall drill rod 4 through the air inlet pipe 3 by the power head 2, flows downwards to the annular air inlet chamber 19 of the drill bit 14 along the air inlet channel 21 of the spiral drill rod 12 and is split, one part of air is sprayed outwards through the nozzle 16 to form air jet flow to flush a rock layer under the cutting pipe shoe 15 and Fang Songruan, the auxiliary cutting edge 17 rotates to crush rock, the other part of air is sprayed obliquely upwards through the injection hole 18 to form a negative pressure area in the slag discharge channel 20 to suck drill cuttings at the bottom of the drill hole, so that the drill cuttings at the bottom of the drill hole enter the slag discharge channel 20 and return upwards, and meanwhile, the drill cuttings suspended in the outer ring channel 22 flow upwards along the spiral blades of the spiral drill rod 12 and enter the slag discharge channel 20 through the slag discharge window 10, and the two parts return upwards together and enter the ground surface collecting device through the slag discharge pipe 1;
c. in the soft rock soil layer drilling process, after the power head 2 is connected with the double-wall drill rod 4, the power head 2 drives the double-wall drill rod 4, the spiral drill rod 12 and the drill bit 14 to synchronously rotate, meanwhile, the drill bit 14 applies rotation torque and axial pressure to the pipe shoe 15 through the spline and the step, the hole wall is protected by the sleeve 7, and concentric casing drilling is further achieved.
Center deslagging process principle: under the drive of the rotary power head 2, the double-wall drilling tool system drives the drill bit 14 to realize drilling operation on a soft rock soil layer, compressed air enters the power head 2 through the air inlet pipe 3 and sequentially enters the outer ring gaps of the double-wall drill rod 4 and the spiral drill rod 12 to enter the air inlet channel 21, and the air is split after reaching the air inlet chamber 19 of the drill bit 14, and part of the air passes through the nozzle 16 on the drill bit 14 to form radial high-speed jet flow to assist in cutting the rock soil body below the pipe shoe 15; another part of the air is sprayed obliquely upwards through the leading hole 18 on the drill bit 14, and forms a negative pressure area in the slag discharging channel 20, and the drill cuttings at the bottom of the drilled hole are sucked and enter the slag discharging channel 20 to return. Cuttings suspended in the outer ring channel 22 then travel up the auger blades as the auger stem 12 rotates and enter the slag discharge channel 20 through the slag discharge window 10. The helical blades also form a multi-ring groove seal in the outer ring channel 22, ensuring stability of the reverse circulation of the fluid. The drill cuttings finally pass up through the slag discharge channel 20, flow through the auger inner pipe 9, the double-wall inner pipe 6, enter the power head 2, and finally pass up through the slag discharge pipe 1 to the surface and are received by the surface collection device. During drilling, the drill bit 14 applies rotation torque and axial pressure to the pipe shoe 15 through the spline and the step, and the casing 7 is used for protecting the hole wall, so that concentric casing drilling is realized.
The drilling process integrates three advanced processes of reverse circulation deslagging, spiral drill rod deslagging and concentric pipe drilling, can effectively solve the problems of shrinkage, collapse, wall instability and other hole accidents of a soft rock soil layer, and realizes drilling, collapse prevention, dust removal and wall protection integrated operation.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a soft rock soil stratum reverse circulation is with pipe drilling tool which characterized in that: the automatic slag discharging device comprises a slag discharging pipe (1), a power head (2), an air inlet pipe (3), a double-wall drill pipe (4), a sleeve (7), a spiral drill pipe (12), a drill bit (14), a pipe shoe (15), a nozzle (16), a cutting edge (17) and an injection hole (18), wherein the power head (2) is arranged on the upper portion of the double-wall drill pipe (4), and the double-wall drill pipe (4) is respectively communicated with the slag discharging pipe (1) and the air inlet pipe (3) through the power head (2); the upper end of the spiral drill rod (12) is connected with the double-wall drill rod (4) through an upper spiral drill rod connector (8), the lower end of the spiral drill rod (12) is in threaded connection with a drill bit (14) through a lower spiral drill rod connector (13), the double-wall drill rod (4) consists of a double-wall drill rod outer pipe (5) and a double-wall drill rod inner pipe (6), an annular gap is formed between the double-wall drill rod outer pipe (5) and the double-wall drill rod inner pipe (6), a slag discharging window (10) is formed in the side wall of the spiral drill rod (12), the spiral drill rod (12) is of a double-layer structure, the spiral drill rod (12) comprises a spiral drill rod inner pipe (9) and a spiral drill rod outer pipe (11) which are coaxially arranged, the annular gap is formed by the spiral drill rod inner pipe (9) and the spiral drill rod outer pipe (11), the length of the spiral drill rod inner pipe (9) is larger than that of the spiral drill rod outer pipe (11), and spiral blades are welded outside the side wall of the spiral drill rod outer pipe (11). The casing (7) and the pipe shoe (15) form a casing assembly, and the casing assembly is sleeved outside the double-wall drill rod (4), the upper spiral drill rod joint (8), the spiral drill rod (12), the lower spiral drill rod joint (13) and the drill bit (14);
the reverse circulation pipe following drilling tool is of a coaxial three-channel structure, a slag discharging channel (20) is formed by a central hole of a double-wall drill pipe inner pipe (6) and a central hole of a spiral drill pipe inner pipe (9), an air inlet channel (21) is formed by an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe inner pipe (9) and a spiral drill pipe outer pipe (11), and an outer ring channel (22) is formed by an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe outer pipe (11) and a sleeve (7);
the drill bit (14) is of a double-wall structure formed by an inner wall and an outer wall, an annular groove-shaped air inlet chamber (19) is formed in an interlayer space between the inner wall and the outer wall, a spline is arranged on the drill bit (14), the drill bit (14) is abutted against a step surface of the pipe shoe (15) through the spline, a cutting edge (17) is inlaid at the working end of the drill bit (14), and a water gap is formed;
the nozzles (16) and the injection holes (18) are staggered on the drill bit (14), and the nozzles (16) are radially arranged along the drill bit (14); the leading hole (18) is obliquely arranged, and the center line of the leading hole (18) forms an included angle of 30 degrees with the axis of the drill bit (14);
the length of the spiral drill rod (12) is less than or equal to 3m;
the upper end of the spiral drill rod upper joint (8) is in threaded connection with the double-wall drill rod outer tube (5), and the lower end of the spiral drill rod upper joint (8) is in threaded connection with the spiral drill rod outer tube (11); the upper end of the spiral drill rod inner pipe (9) is connected with the double-wall drill rod inner pipe (6) in an inserting mode, and the lower end of the spiral drill rod inner pipe (9) is connected with the drill bit (14) in an inserting mode; the upper end of the spiral drill rod lower joint (13) is in threaded connection with the spiral drill rod outer pipe (11), and the lower end of the spiral drill rod lower joint (13) is in threaded connection with the drill bit (14); the sleeve (7) is connected with the pipe shoe (15) through threads and is inserted into the drill bit (14) through a spline.
2. The soft rock formation reverse circulation heel tube drilling tool of claim 1, wherein: the number of the nozzles (16) is three, and the three nozzles (16) are uniformly distributed on the drill bit (14); the number of the injection holes (18) is three, the three injection holes (18) are uniformly distributed on the drill bit (14), and the injection holes (18) and the nozzles (16) are arranged in a staggered mode.
3. The reverse circulation drilling process for the soft rock stratum is characterized by adopting the reverse circulation heel tube drilling tool for the soft rock stratum according to the claim 1 or 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. installing a reverse circulation pipe-following drilling tool which is of a coaxial three-channel structure, wherein a slag discharging channel (20) is formed by a central hole of a double-wall drill pipe inner pipe (6) and a central hole of a spiral drill pipe inner pipe (9), an air inlet channel (21) is formed by an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe inner pipe (9) and a spiral drill pipe outer pipe (11), and an outer ring channel (22) is formed by an annular gap between the spiral drill pipe outer pipe (11) and a sleeve (7);
b. compressed air is sent into an annular gap of a double-wall drill rod (4) through an air inlet pipe (3) and flows down to a ring groove-shaped air inlet chamber (19) of a drill bit (14) along an air inlet channel (21) of a spiral drill rod (12), then part of the air is sprayed outwards through a nozzle (16) to form air jet flow to flush soft rock and soil stratum below a cutting pipe boot (15), an auxiliary cutting edge (17) rotates crushed rock, the other part of the air is sprayed upwards obliquely through an injection hole (18), a negative pressure area is formed in a slag discharge channel (20) to suck drill cuttings at the bottom of a drill hole, so that the drill cuttings at the bottom of the drill hole enter the slag discharge channel (20) and return upwards, and the drill cuttings suspended in an outer ring channel (22) simultaneously flow upwards along a spiral blade of the spiral drill rod (12), enter the slag discharge channel (20) through a slag discharge window (10), and the two parts of the drill cuttings flow upwards and enter a surface collecting device through the slag discharge pipe (1);
c. in the soft rock stratum drilling process, after the power head (2) is connected with the double-wall drill rod (4), the power head (2) drives the double-wall drill rod (4), the spiral drill rod (12) and the drill bit (14) to synchronously rotate, and meanwhile, the drill bit (14) applies rotation torque and axial pressure to the pipe shoe (15) through the spline and the step, so that concentric casing drilling is realized.
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