CN108081505A - 一种废旧pet回收方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种废旧PET回收方法，利用PET与PVC在特定溶剂中溶解度不同的特性，通过在特定溶剂的作用下溶解杂质PVC，烘干滤渣即可得到纯品PET塑料。有效提高了PET塑料的纯度同时可以副产较高纯度的回收PVC塑料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料加工机械领域，特别是一种废旧PET回收方法。
背景技术
塑料是采用塑料为主要原料加工而成的生活用品、工业用品的统称。由于塑料的大量生产、消费与较短的使用周期使得塑料废弃物的数量急剧增加。塑料的大量废弃不仅造成资源的巨大浪费，也给环境带来极大危害：污染土壤和海洋、焚烧处理产生大量有物质。在能源问题日益突出、环境问题日益严峻的新形势下，加强废旧塑料回收利用的研究引起了各国政府的高度重视。废旧塑料的回收包括三个阶段：收集、分选以及循环利用，现阶段制约废旧塑料回收的瓶颈环节在于塑料的分选。
对于聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇(PET)塑料，它们通常都用于制造饮料瓶的材料，并且物理性质相近，回收过程很容易混到一起；PVC中混入少量的PET或者PET中混入极少量的PVC都会严重影响二者回收后的性能。
基于上述问题，亟需一种废旧PET回收方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够分离回收PET塑料中混入的回收PET的工艺。
本发明具体技术方案步骤如下：
(1)筛选：将PET瓶在筛选区中去除塑片、PVC瓶、标签、PE瓶盖、石子杂质，只留下白色PET瓶；
(2)湿式粉碎：将步骤(1)中筛选后的白色PET瓶投入到湿式粉碎机中，将PET瓶破碎成不同尺寸的塑料碎片，废水输送到水处理系统中；
(3)重力漂洗：从步骤(2)中出来的PET塑料碎片夹杂着瓶盖被输送到一个清洗桶中，向清洗桶中注入清水，在水的浮力作用下，瓶盖的密度比PET塑料碎片的密度小，瓶盖漂浮在水面，然后将漂浮在水面上的瓶盖打捞出去，将瓶盖与PET塑料碎片分离，产生的废水输送到水处理系统中；
(4)水冲洗：用水冲洗经过步骤(3)的PET塑料碎片；
(5)离心脱水：将经过步骤(4)的PET塑料碎片投入到离心脱水机中，在脱水机的作用下脱水，去除PET塑料碎片上的水污；
(6)漂洗：将步骤(5)中脱水后的塑料碎片输送上去，然后投入到漂洗装置中，进行漂洗，彻底除去粘在塑料碎片上黏贴标签的胶水；
(7)提纯：将步骤(6)中经过漂洗后的PET塑料碎片投入到装有四氢呋喃的搅拌釜中，加热到40-50℃，搅拌1.5h，将PET碎片中含有的PVC杂质溶解到四氢呋喃中；
(8)过滤：步骤(7)中提纯后的PET碎片经压滤机过滤后，投入到烘干机中在60-65℃条件下烘干0.5h；
(9)蒸馏：将步骤(7)中清洗过PET塑料碎片的四氢呋喃引入蒸馏釜中，在60-65℃条件下蒸馏，馏出分为四氢呋喃，在步骤(7)中重复利用，釜残物为较高纯度的PVC塑料；
(10)包装：步骤(8)中烘干后的PET塑料碎颗粒片及步骤(9)中得到的PVC塑料分别输送到包装袋中进行包装。
进一步的，在筛选步骤前还设置有上料步骤：将回收的PET瓶投入到输送带上，在上料的过程中去除打包带和废铁丝。
进一步的，步骤(7)中四氢呋喃由二甲苯替代。
进一步的，步骤(7)中四氢呋喃由二甲苯替代后，步骤(7)中加热温度为70-90℃。
进一步的，步骤(7)中四氢呋喃由二甲苯替代后，步骤(8)中加热时间为1.5h。
进一步的，步骤(7)中四氢呋喃由二甲苯替代后，步骤(9)中加热温度为90-130℃。
本发明的有益效果在于提供了一种可以方便高效分离回收PET塑料中的PVC塑料的设备。有效提高了回收PET塑料的纯度，降低了PVC杂质对PET性质的影响。同时副产出PVC塑料，提高了经济效益。
经实验表明，通过使用本发明，可以将回收PET塑料纯度提高到99％，而副产PVC塑料纯度也在98％。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本发明具体技术方案步骤如下：
(1)上料：将回收的PET瓶投入到输送带上，在上料的过程中去除打包带和废铁丝；
(2)筛选：将步骤(1)中输送过来的PET瓶在筛选区中去除塑片、PVC瓶、标签、PE瓶盖、石子杂质，只留下白色PET瓶；
(3)湿式粉碎：将步骤(2)中筛选后的白色PET瓶投入到湿式粉碎机中，将PET瓶破碎成不同尺寸的塑料碎片，废水输送到水处理系统中；
(4)重力漂洗：从步骤(3)中出来的PET塑料碎片夹杂着瓶盖被输送到一个清洗桶中，向清洗桶中注入清水，在水的浮力作用下，瓶盖的密度比PET塑料碎片的密度小，瓶盖漂浮在水面，然后将漂浮在水面上的瓶盖打捞出去，将瓶盖与PET塑料碎片分离，产生的废水输送到水处理系统中；
(5)水冲洗：用水冲洗经过步骤(4)的PET塑料碎片；
(6)离心脱水：将经过步骤(5)的PET塑料碎片投入到离心脱水机中，在脱水机的作用下脱水，去除PET塑料碎片上的水污；
(7)漂洗：将步骤(6)中脱水后的塑料碎片输送上去，然后投入到漂洗装置中，进行漂洗，彻底除去粘在塑料碎片上黏贴标签的胶水；
(8)提纯：将步骤(7)中经过漂洗后的PET塑料碎片投入到装有四氢呋喃的搅拌釜中，加热到40-50℃，搅拌1.5h，将PET碎片中含有的PVC杂质溶解到四氢呋喃中；
(9)过滤：步骤(8)中提纯后的PET碎片经压滤机过滤后，投入到烘干机中在60-65℃条件下烘干0.5h；
(10)蒸馏：将步骤(8)中清洗过PET塑料碎片的四氢呋喃引入蒸馏釜中，在60-65℃条件下蒸馏，馏出分为四氢呋喃，在步骤(8)中重复利用，釜残物为较高纯度的PVC塑料；
(11)包装：步骤(10)中烘干后的PET塑料碎颗粒片及步骤(10)中得到的PVC塑料分别输送到包装袋中进行包装。
实施例2
本发明具体技术方案步骤如下：
(1)上料：将回收的PET瓶投入到输送带上，在上料的过程中去除打包带和废铁丝；
(2)筛选：将步骤(1)中输送过来的PET瓶在筛选区中去除塑片、PVC瓶、标签、PE瓶盖、石子杂质，只留下白色PET瓶；
(3)湿式粉碎：将步骤(2)中筛选后的白色PET瓶投入到湿式粉碎机中，将PET瓶破碎成不同尺寸的塑料碎片，废水输送到水处理系统中；
(4)重力漂洗：从步骤(3)中出来的PET塑料碎片夹杂着瓶盖被输送到一个清洗桶中，向清洗桶中注入清水，在水的浮力作用下，瓶盖的密度比PET塑料碎片的密度小，瓶盖漂浮在水面，然后将漂浮在水面上的瓶盖打捞出去，将瓶盖与PET塑料碎片分离，产生的废水输送到水处理系统中；
(5)水冲洗：用水冲洗经过步骤(4)的PET塑料碎片；
(6)离心脱水：将经过步骤(5)的PET塑料碎片投入到离心脱水机中，在脱水机的作用下脱水，去除PET塑料碎片上的水污；
(7)漂洗：将步骤(6)中脱水后的塑料碎片输送上去，然后投入到漂洗装置中，进行漂洗，彻底除去粘在塑料碎片上黏贴标签的胶水；
(8)提纯：将步骤(7)中经过漂洗后的PET塑料碎片投入到装有二甲苯的搅拌釜中，加热到70-90℃，搅拌1.5h，将PET碎片中含有的PVC杂质溶解到二甲苯中；
(9)过滤：步骤(8)中提纯后的PET碎片经压滤机过滤后，投入到烘干机中在60-65℃条件下烘干1.5h；
(10)蒸馏：将步骤(8)中清洗过PET塑料碎片的二甲苯引入蒸馏釜中，在90-130℃条件下蒸馏，馏出分为二甲苯，在步骤(8)中重复利用，釜残物为较高纯度的PVC塑料；
(11)包装：步骤(9)中烘干后的PET塑料碎颗粒片及步骤(10)中得到的PVC塑料分别输送到包装袋中进行包装。
以上所述仅是本发明的优先实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种废旧PET回收方法，其特征在于，本发明具体技术方案步骤如下：
(1)筛选：将PET瓶在筛选区中去除塑片、PVC瓶、标签、PE瓶盖、石子杂质，只留下白色PET瓶；
(2)湿式粉碎：将步骤(1)中筛选后的白色PET瓶投入到湿式粉碎机中，将PET瓶破碎成不同尺寸的塑料碎片，废水输送到水处理系统中；
(3)重力漂洗：从步骤(2)中出来的PET塑料碎片夹杂着瓶盖被输送到一个清洗桶中，向清洗桶中注入清水，在水的浮力作用下，瓶盖的密度比PET塑料碎片的密度小，瓶盖漂浮在水面，然后将漂浮在水面上的瓶盖打捞出去，将瓶盖与PET塑料碎片分离，产生的废水输送到水处理系统中；
(4)水冲洗：用水冲洗经过步骤(3)的PET塑料碎片；
(5)离心脱水：将经过步骤(4)的PET塑料碎片投入到离心脱水机中，在脱水机的作用下脱水，去除PET塑料碎片上的水污；
(6)漂洗：将步骤(5)中脱水后的塑料碎片输送上去，然后投入到漂洗装置中，进行漂洗，彻底除去粘在塑料碎片上黏贴标签的胶水；
(7)提纯：将步骤(6)中经过漂洗后的PET塑料碎片投入到装有四氢呋喃的搅拌釜中，加热到40-50℃，搅拌1.5h，将PET碎片中含有的PVC杂质溶解到四氢呋喃中；
(8)过滤：步骤(7)中提纯后的PET碎片经压滤机过滤后，投入到烘干机中在60-65℃条件下烘干0.5h；
(9)蒸馏：将步骤(7)中清洗过PET塑料碎片的四氢呋喃引入蒸馏釜中，在60-65℃条件下蒸馏，馏出分为四氢呋喃，在步骤(7)中重复利用，釜残物为较高纯度的PVC塑料；
(10)包装：步骤(8)中烘干后的PET塑料碎颗粒片及步骤(9)中得到的PVC塑料分别输送到包装袋中进行包装。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种废旧PET回收方法，其特征在于，在筛选步骤前还设置有上料步骤：将回收的PET瓶投入到输送带上，在上料的过程中去除打包带和废铁丝。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种废旧PET回收方法，其特征在于，步骤(7)中四氢呋喃由二甲苯替代。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种废旧PET回收方法，其特征在于，步骤(7)中加热温度为70-90℃。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种废旧PET回收方法，其特征在于，步骤(8)中加热时间为1.5h。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种废旧PET回收方法，其特征在于，步骤(9)中加热温度为90-130℃。
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