CN108072488A - The device and test method of a kind of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode - Google Patents
The device and test method of a kind of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN108072488A CN108072488A CN201611023818.0A CN201611023818A CN108072488A CN 108072488 A CN108072488 A CN 108072488A CN 201611023818 A CN201611023818 A CN 201611023818A CN 108072488 A CN108072488 A CN 108072488A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/10—Determining the moment of inertia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The device and test method of a kind of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode, are related to rigidity and mould measurement field.The device of the indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode, quality disk is also bonded in the free end of axis to be measured, opposite both sides are also bonded with additional square respectively on the side arm of axis to be measured, acceleration transducer is installed on additional square, the device is easily achieved, simple operation, and measuring accuracy is high, has filled up shafting torsion stiffness and the blank in mould measurement field.This method can not only apply torsional moment excitation using additional square can also test response of the axis on torsional direction；Change the mass property of axis using quality disk, calculate the torsion stiffness and rotary inertia of axis to be measured, torsion stiffness and mode that this method measures intuitively reflect the torsional vibration characteristic of rotary axis, have the advantages that with high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rigidity and mould measurement field, more particularly to a kind of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode
Device and test method.
Background technology
Twisting vibration (abbreviation torsional oscillation) be shafting in rotary course due to dynamic excitation torque and itself elasticity of torsion power
Uneven and generation circumferential alternate motion.In automobile, ship etc. in the machinery equipment of shafting transmission, torsional oscillation is to cause to make an uproar
The main contributor of acoustic vibration problems.Torsional oscillation has greatly destructiveness, such as increases the fatigue damage of shafting, reduces the service life,
Serious torsional oscillation can cause shafting to damage or be broken.Therefore when designing rotary part, it is necessary to consider that shafting is relevant with torsional oscillation
Design parameter.
Shafting mainly includes torsion stiffness, torsion mode and rotary inertia with the relevant parameter of torsional oscillation, these parameters are all
It is determined by the self-characteristic (such as material, structure, diameter etc.) of shafting.Frequency is generally used to the measuring method of these parameters at present
Rate response method, i.e., apply controllable excitation moment in shafting, and the torsional deflection of measurement shafting in a circumferential direction finally calculates
Go out the parameters such as torsion stiffness and the torsion mode of shafting.The enforcement difficulty of frequency response method is larger, and reason includes：1st, it is difficult to measure
The size of excitation moment；2nd, measurement torsional deflection is needed using foil gauge, laser displacement sensor or angular acceleration transducer etc.
Precision instrument.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and moulds
The device and test method of state, it is simple in structure, easy to operate, and testing precision is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：The device of a kind of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode, including adding
Velocity sensor, analog/digital conversion plate, gain amplifier and computer, are characterized in that：Further include fixed rack, axis to be measured,
Additional square and power hammer, the fixed rack is made of rack base, rack support arm and scroll chuck, in rack base
Rack support arm is welded with, the top of rack support arm is welded with triangle chuck, and one end of triangle chuck is plugged with test axis,
The free end of axis to be measured is also bonded with quality disk, and opposite both sides are also bonded with additional party respectively on the side wall of axis to be measured
Block installs acceleration transducer on additional square.
One data input pin of the output terminal connection analog/digital conversion plate of acceleration transducer, the output terminal connection of power hammer
Another data input pin of analog/digital conversion plate, the output terminal of analog/digital conversion plate are sequentially connected gain amplifier and calculating again
Machine.
A kind of method of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode utilizes indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode
Device is realized, is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Power hammer output signal and acceleration signal are gathered, calculates the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured；
Step 2：Quality disk is bonded on axis to be measured, continues to calculate the Torsion mode frequency of test axis；
Step 3：The Torsion mode frequency difference measured twice according to step 1 and step 2 obtains torsion stiffness torsion mode.
The Torsion mode frequency of calculating axis to be measured in step 1 and step 2, detailed process are：
Power hammer taps additional square, obtains and reflects axis to be measured, the bending vibration of additional square and the torsion of axis to be measured simultaneously
The vibration response signal that multiple amounts of vibration are superimposed；
Fourier transformation, then firmly hammer signal difference divided by two acceleration signals are carried out to above-mentioned signal, obtain two
Frequency response function；
Two frequency response functions are added, obtain the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured.
The Torsion mode frequency for continuing to calculate axis to be measured described in step 2, specifically includes following steps：
Variation according to modal frequency is tested twice calculates torsion stiffness, wherein, the Torsion mode frequency meter of axis to be measured
Calculating formula is：
In formula, f1For Torsion mode frequency, k is the torsion stiffness of axis, I1For the rotary inertia of axis, glued when by quality disk
After being connected on axis, the rotary inertia variation of axis to be measured is I1+I0, I0For the rotary inertia of known quality disk, the torsion of axis to be measured
It is f to turn modal frequency variation2；
The torsion stiffness calculation formula of axis to be measured is：
The rotary inertia of axis to be measured is calculated according to the Torsion mode frequency obtained, formula is as follows：
In formula, I be axis to be measured rotary inertia, I0For the rotary inertia of known quality disk, f1For torsion mode frequency
Rate, the Torsion mode frequency variation of axis to be measured is f2。
Temperature, humidity, the atmospheric pressure level of test environment should keep stable, around should without electromagnetic interference and ambient noise
Less than 36 decibels.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The device of the indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode, in the freedom of axis to be measured
End is also bonded with quality disk, and opposite both sides are also bonded with additional square respectively on the side arm of axis to be measured, in additional square
Upper installation acceleration transducer, which is easily achieved, simple operation, and measuring accuracy is high, filled up shafting torsion stiffness and
The blank in mould measurement field.This method, which using additional square can not only apply torsional moment excitation and can also test axis, to be turned round
Turn the response on direction；Change the mass property of axis using quality disk, calculate the torsion stiffness and rotary inertia of axis to be measured,
Torsion stiffness and mode that this method measures intuitively reflect the torsional vibration characteristic of rotary axis, have the advantages that with high accuracy.
Description of the drawings
It in order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings
Other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the general construction schematic diagram of the device of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of fixed rack in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the top view of fixed rack in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode testing method in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is torsion mode Computing Principle schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein, (a) is the frequency of an additional square
Rate receptance function, (b) are the frequency respective function of another additional square, and (c) is the torsion mode after (a) and (b) superposition
Frequency；
Number explanation is as follows in figure：1 computer, 2 gain amplifiers, 3 analog/digital conversion plates, 4 power hammer, 5 additional squares, 6 are treated
Survey axis, 7 acceleration transducers, 8 fixed racks, 801 rack bases, 802 rack support arms, 803 triangle chucks, 9 mass disks.
Specific embodiment
Enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious understandable, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1~Fig. 5 and tool
The present invention is described in further detail for body embodiment.
The indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and the device of mode that the present embodiment uses, as shown in Figure 1, being passed including acceleration
Sensor 7, analog/digital conversion plate 3, gain amplifier 2 and computer 1, fixed rack 8, axis to be measured 6, additional square 5 and power hammer 4.Its
In, acceleration transducer 7 is used to gather the acceleration signal that square 5 is added on axis 6 to be measured and is converted into voltage signal；Power
Hammer 4, should be according to axis to be measured for axis 6 to be measured to be encouraged to generate modal vibration and generates corresponding voltage signal according to exciting force size
The different power hammer tup of material, the different selection hardness of weight, including aluminum, plastics and rubber tup, the foundation of selection is power
It hammers attenuation of the auto-power spectrum of signal at highest frequency into shape and is no more than 10 decibels；Analog/digital conversion plate 3 is used for power hammer 4 and adds
The voltage analog signal that velocity sensor 7 generates is converted to 1 identifiable digital signal of computer；Gain amplifier 2 be used for pair
Digital signal is amplified and noise filtering；Computer 1 is used as controller, and computing is carried out to above-mentioned processed signal.This reality
The quality disk in example, quality and rotary inertia are applied it is known that structure and mass property for changing axis to be measured.
The connection of each component is as follows in the present embodiment：
Fixed rack 8 is made of rack base 801, rack support arm 802 and scroll chuck 803, in rack base 801
Rack support arm 802 is welded with, the top of rack support arm 802 is welded with triangle chuck 803, and one end of triangle chuck 803 is inserted
Axis 6 to be measured is connected to, quality disk 9 is also bonded in the free end of axis 6 to be measured, opposite both sides are also on the side arm of axis 6 to be measured
Additional square 5 is bonded with respectively, acceleration transducer 7 is installed on additional square 5, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
One data input pin of the output terminal connection analog/digital conversion plate 3 of acceleration transducer 7, the output terminal of power hammer 4 connect
Another data input pin of analog/digital conversion plate 3 is connect, the output terminal of analog/digital conversion plate 3 is sequentially connected 2 He of gain amplifier again
Computer 1.
Using in the present embodiment before using indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode testing method, it is necessary to pair set
It is standby to be handled as follows：
One end of axis to be measured is fixed on rack；2 additional squares are bonded on axis to be measured using structure glue, by 2
A acceleration transducer is bonded in the both sides up and down of 2 additional squares respectively.
To ensure the precision and uniformity of test result, temperature, humidity, the atmospheric pressure level of test environment should keep steady
It is fixed, around 36 decibels are should be less than without electromagnetic interference and ambient noise.
Indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode testing method in the present embodiment, flow is as shown in figure 4, specific bag
Include following steps：
Step 101：The acceleration signal of power hammer output signal and additional square is gathered, calculates the torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured
Rate；
An additional square on axis to be measured is tapped using power hammer, axis to be measured can generate bending vibration and twisting vibration, this
Two kinds of vibrations directly act on two additional squares on axis, therefore the vibratory response that the acceleration transducer on additional square measures is believed
Number reflect axis to be measured, the bending vibration of additional square and the twisting vibration of axis to be measured simultaneously, be the superposition of multiple components.
Since the arranged direction of two acceleration transducers is on the contrary, from lever principle, measure reflect in signal it is to be measured
Axis is opposite with the component phase of the bending vibration of additional square, frequency is identical；And reflect the component phase of axis twisting vibration to be measured
It is all identical with frequency.The simulation that analog/digital conversion plate and gain amplifier is recycled to generate two acceleration transducers and power hammer
After electric signal is converted into digital signal and amplifies, time-domain signal is converted into frequency-region signal with Fourier transformation.It exerts oneself afterwards
It hammers signal difference divided by two acceleration transducer signals into shape, obtains two frequency response functions.As shown in figure 5, (a) in Fig. 5,
(b) two width figures are respectively the frequency response function amplitude at two additional squares, from resonance principle, the response in every width figure
All the flexural vibration mode of axis to be measured is corresponded to respectively, adds the bending mode of square there are 3 peak values on function amplitude curve
The torsion modes of state and axis to be measured.Since the opposite in phase of bending vibration component, frequency are identical, by two frequency response letters
After number is added, the corresponding peak value of flexural vibration mode can disappear；And since the phase of twisting vibration component, frequency are all identical, phase
Add the corresponding peak value of retrotorsion mode that can increase, so as to can obtain the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured, as shown in (c) of Fig. 5.
Step 102：Quality disk is bonded on axis to be measured, continues to calculate the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured, fall into a trap
It is identical with step 1 to calculate the process of Torsion mode frequency on axis to be measured, repeats no more again.
Step 103：The Torsion mode frequency difference measured twice according to step 1 and step 2 obtains torsion stiffness.
According to Theory of Vibration, the calculation formula of the Torsion mode frequency of axis is：
In formula, f1For Torsion mode frequency, k is the torsion stiffness of axis, I1For the rotary inertia of axis.It is glued when by quality disk
After being connected on axis to be measured, the rotary inertia variation of axis to be measured is I1+I0, I0For the rotary inertia of known quality disk, axis to be measured
Torsion mode frequency variation for f2.After front and rear 2 modal frequency computings, the torsion stiffness calculation formula of axis to be measured is drawn
For：
Further according to the modal frequency variation relation of quality disk addition antero posterior axis, the rotary inertia that can calculate axis to be measured is
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art in the art should manage
Solution, these are merely examples, and many changes and modifications may be made, without departing from the principle of the present invention
And essence.The scope of the present invention is only limited by the claims that follow.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of device of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode, including acceleration transducer, analog/digital conversion plate, gain
Amplifier And Computer, it is characterised in that：Further include fixed rack, test axis, additional square and power hammer, the fixed rack
It is made of rack base, rack support arm and scroll chuck, rack support arm is welded in rack base, rack support arm
Top is welded with triangle chuck, and one end of triangle chuck is plugged with axis to be measured, and quality circle is also bonded in the free end of axis to be measured
Disk, opposite both sides are also bonded with additional square respectively on the side wall of axis to be measured, and acceleration sensing is installed on additional square
Device.
2. the device of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness as described in claim 1 and mode, which is characterized in that acceleration sensing
One data input pin of the output terminal connection analog/digital conversion plate of device, the output terminal that power is hammered into shape connect another of analog/digital conversion plate
Data input pin, the output terminal of analog/digital conversion plate are sequentially connected gain amplifier and computer again.
3. a kind of method of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode, using indirectly testing shafting as described in claim 1
The device of torsion stiffness and mode is realized, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Power hammer output signal and acceleration signal are gathered, calculates the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured；
Step 2：Quality disk is bonded on axis to be measured, continues to calculate the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured；
Step 3：The Torsion mode frequency difference measured twice according to step 1 and step 2 obtains torsion stiffness.
4. the method for indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness according to claim 3 and mode, which is characterized in that step 1 and
The Torsion mode frequency of calculating axis to be measured in step 2, detailed process are：
Power hammer taps additional square, obtains the bending vibration for reflecting axis to be measured simultaneously, the bending vibration of additional square and axis to be measured
Twisting vibration the vibration response signal that is superimposed of multiple amounts；
Fourier transformation, then firmly hammer signal difference divided by two acceleration signals are carried out to above-mentioned signal, obtain two frequencies
Receptance function；
Two frequency response functions are added, obtain the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured.
5. the method for indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness as claimed in claim 4 and mode, which is characterized in that described in step 3
Acquisition torsion stiffness, specifically include following steps：
Variation according to modal frequency is tested twice calculates torsion stiffness, wherein, the Torsion mode frequency of axis to be measured calculates public affairs
Formula is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mfrac>
<mi>k</mi>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
In formula, f1For Torsion mode frequency, k is the torsion stiffness of axis, I1For the rotary inertia of axis, it is bonded in when by quality disk
After on axis, the rotary inertia variation for testing axis is I1+I0, I0For the rotary inertia of known quality disk, the torsion mould of axis to be measured
The variation of state frequency is f2；
The torsion stiffness calculation formula of axis to be measured is：
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<msup>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
6. the method for indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness as claimed in claim 5 and mode, which is characterized in that according to what is obtained
Torsion mode frequency calculates the rotary inertia of axis to be measured, and formula is as follows：
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
In formula, I be axis to be measured rotary inertia, I0For the rotary inertia of known quality disk, f1For Torsion mode frequency, survey
The Torsion mode frequency variation for trying axis is f2。
7. the method for the indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode as described in claim 1-6 any claims, feature
It is, temperature, humidity, the atmospheric pressure level of test environment should keep stable, around should be small without electromagnetic interference and ambient noise
In 36 decibels.
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| CN201611023818.0A CN108072488A (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2016-11-17 | The device and test method of a kind of indirectly testing shafting torsion stiffness and mode |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109238689A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-18 | 北京化工大学 | Torsion and vibration of rotor vibration excitor |
| CN109323831A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-02-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of elongate rotation shaft modal test device discharging advocate approach suddenly based on preload |
| CN110231123A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-13 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method for measuring rotary inertia and system based on active vibration insulator |
| CN110568081A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-12-13 | 北京建筑大学 | Ancient building damage testing device and method |
| CN111982516A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Pipeline modal testing method for aircraft engine |
| CN112623143A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Ship dynamic shafting torsional vibration fatigue parameter fitting method based on dynamics |
| CN112729818A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-30 | 北京理工大学 | Testing device and method for torsional vibration modal test of gear box |
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