CN108071467A - 用于净化废气的装置 - Google Patents

用于净化废气的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108071467A
CN108071467A CN201711145157.3A CN201711145157A CN108071467A CN 108071467 A CN108071467 A CN 108071467A CN 201711145157 A CN201711145157 A CN 201711145157A CN 108071467 A CN108071467 A CN 108071467A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
doc
scr
catalyst
lta
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CN201711145157.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
李孝京
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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Publication of CN108071467A publication Critical patent/CN108071467A/zh
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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Abstract

可提供一种净化发动机中的废气的废气净化装置，包括：从发动机排放的废气经其通过的排放管线、布置在排放管线中以净化废气的碳氢化合物(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)的柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)、将尿素水溶液喷射到排放管线中的尿素喷射器、和通过使用尿素水溶液还原经过DOC的废气的氮氧化物的选择性催化还原剂(SCR)，其中DOC包括LTA沸石催化剂。

Description

用于净化废气的装置
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2016年11月17日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2016-0153507号的优先权，其全部内容出于所有目的并入本文以作参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于净化废气的装置，并且更具体地，涉及一种配置为使用具有改善的高温性能的林德A型(LTA)沸石催化剂减少废气中的有害物质的废气净化装置。
背景技术
通常，发动机的排气系统包括废气后处理装置，其包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)、柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、选择性催化还原剂(SCR)和稀燃NOX捕集(LNT)催化剂，用以还原一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)、颗粒物、氮氧化物(NOX)等废气中包含的污染物。
DOC可以氧化废气中的总碳氢化合物和一氧化碳，并将一氧化氮氧化成二氧化氮。
DPF可以收集废气中包含的颗粒物，并通过化学转化过程净化颗粒物。
此外，在SCR中，经喷射器在废气气流方向上喷射的还原剂(尿素)通过废气的热量转化为氨(NH3)，并且因由SCR催化剂催化的废气中的氮氧化物与氨的催化反应，氮氧化物被还原成氮气(N2)和水(H2O)。
另外，最近，由于车辆的排放规定加强，需要改进用于SCR系统的氮氧化物净化性能，特别地，需要一种用于在冷启动期间减少SCR的非操作区中氮氧化物的技术。
在此发明背景技术部分中公开的信息仅是为了增强对本发明的一般背景的理解，并且不应该视为承认此信息形成已经为本领域技术人员已知的现有技术或此方面的任何形式的提示。
发明内容
本发明的各方面旨在提供一种废气净化装置，该装置通过将LTA沸石催化剂应用于柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)，而具有通过改进DOC的高温性能改善废气净化性能的优点。
本发明的各方面旨在提供一种配置为净化发动机中废气的废气净化装置，该装置包括：排放管线，自发动机排放的废气通过所述排放管线；柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)，其布置在所述排放管线中以净化废气的碳氢化合物(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)；尿素喷射器，其将尿素水溶液喷射到所述排放管线中；以及选择性催化还原剂(SCR)，其通过利用所述尿素水溶液将经过DOC的废气中的氮氧化物还原，其中DOC包含LTA沸石催化剂。
LTA沸石催化剂可以包括Pt、Pd、Rh、Fe、Cu、Ag、Mn、Co和Mg中的至少一种。
LTA沸石催化剂可以包括基于LTA沸石催化剂的总重的大约0.1wt％至大约3wt％的Pb。
该装置还可以包括柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)，其在DOC的后端部分或在SCR的前端部分处形成并还原废气的颗粒物。
当DPF中收集预定量的颗粒物时，可将DPF的前端部分的温度控制为预定温度或更高。
DOC可以将废气中的NOX存储在SCR的非活性区中并在SCR活化之后分离所存储的NOX。
SCR的非活性区中的温度可以低于SCR活化之后的温度。
DOC可以存储废气中在具有大量氧的贫油状态下产生的NOX。
本发明的各个方面旨在提供一种配置为净化发动机中的废气的废气净化装置，该装置包括：前催化剂装置，其布置在从发动机排放的废气经其通过的排放管线上并包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)；和后催化剂装置，其连接到前催化剂装置并包括选择性催化还原剂(SCR)，其中DOC包括LTA沸石催化剂。
前催化剂装置或后催化剂装置可以包括还原废气中的颗粒物的柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)。
该装置还可以包括尿素喷射器，其将尿素水溶液喷射到排放管线中；和控制装置，其配置为控制尿素水溶液的喷射并在当DPF中收集预定量的颗粒物时将废气的温度控制到预定温度或更高。
DOC可以将废气中的NOX存储在SCR的非活性区并在SCR活化之后分离存储在DOC中的NOX。
LTA沸石催化剂可以包括Pt、Pd、Rh、Fe、Cu、Ag、Mn、Co和Mg中的至少一种。
LTA沸石催化剂可以包括基于LTA沸石催化剂总重的大约0.1wt％至大约3wt％的Pb。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式，具有改进的高温性能的LTA沸石催化剂应用于柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)，因此可以提供可以改进氮氧化物的净化性能并改进燃料经济性的环境。
此外，在选择性催化还原剂(SCR)的非活性区中，氮氧化物存储在LTA沸石催化剂中，在SCR活化区中，氮氧化物分离，由此可以提供可以在冷启动期间还原SCR的非活性区中的氮氧化物的环境。
此外，可以提供一种可以防止由于柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)再生引起的温度增加而导致DOC劣化的环境。
本发明的方法和设备具有其他特征和优点，其从并入本文的附图和下面的具体实施方式将是显而易见的或在其中有更详细阐述，所述附图和具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明的某些原理。
附图说明
图1是示意性地示出根据本发明的各种示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置的结构的图。
图2是对应于排气温度的NOX净化效率的曲线图。
图3是显示根据本发明的示例性实施方式的对应于SCR操作的累积NOX量的曲线图。
图4是示意性地示出根据本发明的各种示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置的结构的图。
图5是示意性地示出根据本发明的各示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置的结构的图。
图6是示出根据本发明的各示例性实施方式的PM再生期间DOC催化剂温度的曲线图。
应当理解，所附的附图并非必然是按比例的，而只是呈现说明本发明的基本原理的各种特征的一定程度的简化表示。本文公开的本发明的具体设计特征，包括，例如，具体尺寸、方向、位置和形状将部分取决于特定的既定用途和使用环境。
在附图中，附图标记在附图的几张图中通篇指代本发明的相同或等同部件。
具体实施方式
现在将详细地参照本发明的各个实施方式，其实施例在附图中图示，并在下文加以描述。尽管将结合示例性实施方式描述本发明，但应当理解，本说明书无意于将本发明局限于这些示例性实施方式。相反，本发明不仅要涵盖这些示例性实施方式，还要涵盖由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围内的各种替代形式、修改、等效形式和其它实施方式。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置不仅可以应用于车辆，而且应用于各种燃烧化石燃料以获得能量并将在过程中产生的气体排放到环境的装置。在本说明书中，例示的是用于净化废气的装置应用于车辆，但是不应理解为用于净化废气的装置仅应用于车辆。
用于产生动力的发动机安装在车辆上。通过燃料和空气的混合物，发动机将化学能转化为机械能。发动机连接到进气歧管，以将空气接收到燃烧室中，并连接到排气歧管，以将在燃烧过程中产生的废气收集在排气歧管中并将所收集的废气排放到车辆的外部。在燃烧室或进气歧管中，安装喷射器将燃料喷射到燃烧室或进气歧管中。
在发动机中产生的废气通过排放装置排放到车辆的外部。该排放装置可以包括排气管和废气再循环(EGR)装置。
排气管连接到排气歧管，以将废气排放到车辆的外部。
EGR装置安装在排气管上，并且发动机中排放的废气穿过EGR装置。此外，EGR装置连接到进气歧管，以通过将废气的一部分与空气混合而控制燃烧温度。燃烧温度可以通过控制设置在EGR装置中的EGR阀的开和/或关状态加以调节。也就是说，提供给进气歧管的废气的量通过控制EGR阀的开和/或关状态调整。
该排放装置还可以包括颗粒过滤器，其安装在排气管上并配置为收集废气中包含的颗粒物。颗粒过滤器可以是一种用于净化废气中包含的颗粒物以外的有害物质的根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置。
在下文中，将参照附图详细描述根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置。
图1是示意性地示出根据本发明的各种示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置的结构的图。在该情况下，在用于净化废气的装置中，仅示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方式的说明所需的示意性配置，并且本发明不限于所述配置。
参照图1，根据本发明的各种示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置包括：从发动机100排放的废气穿过其中的排放管线105、布置在上述从发动机100排放的废气穿过其中的排放管线105上的前催化剂装置110、连接到前催化剂装置110的后催化剂装置120、将尿素水溶液喷射到排放管线105中的尿素喷射器130和控制尿素水溶液的喷射的控制装置140。
前催化剂装置110包括根据本发明的示例性实施方式的柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)112。
DOC 112布置在从发动机100排放的废气穿过其中的排放管线105，并且可以净化碳氢化合物(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)。
另外，DOC 112可以包括根据本发明的示例性实施方式的LTA沸石催化剂。LTA沸石催化剂可以包括Pt、Pd、Rh、Fe、Cu、Ag、Mn、Co和Mg中的至少一种。
在下文中，将描述根据本发明的示例性实施方式的制造LTA沸石催化剂的方法。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于制造催化剂的方法包括：制备Si:Al比高于1的LTA沸石，通过用离子置换LTA沸石中的离子来制备包含离子的LTA沸石，以及通过对包含离子的LTA沸石进行铜(Cu)离子交换来制备铜型LTA沸石，并且铜和铝之比是0.14-0.58。然而，本发明不限于此，并且活性金属和铝的比可以根据催化剂的使用环境调整。
首先，将描述LTA沸石的制备。LTA沸石可以使用晶种(seed)制备，也可不使用晶种制备。在本方法中制备的LTA沸石的Si:Al比可以高于1。Si:Al比可以是5至50。Si:Al比可以是5至30。Si:Al比可以是8或更多。
作为示例，将描述使用晶种制备LTA沸石的方法。
为制备LTA沸石，首先，可通过将LTA晶种与氢氧化铝(Al(OH)3)和原硅酸四乙酯(Si(OC2H5)4)的混合物混合，制备LTA沸石。
通过将1,2-二甲基-3-(4-甲基苄基)咪唑啉氢氧化物水溶液和氢氧化铝(Al(OH)3)混合并执行第一次搅拌，以及另外地混合四甲基氢氧化铵五水合物并执行第二次搅拌，来制备第一混合物。
此处，可以通过混合相对于第一混合物总重的20wt％至35wt％的1,2-二甲基-3-(4-甲基苄基)咪唑啉氢氧化物、1wt％至2wt％的氢氧化铝、1wt％至5wt％的四甲基氢氧化铵五水合物和残余量的水，来制备第一混合物，并且第一次搅拌和第二次搅拌可以执行0.5小时至1.5小时。
通过将原硅酸四乙酯(Si(OC2H5)4；TEOS)与所制备的第一混合物混合并执行第三次搅拌，然后混合LTA晶种并执行第四次搅拌，来制备第二混合物。
原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)可以以相对于第二混合物总重的30wt％至35wt％进行混合，并且LTA晶种可以以相对于LTA沸石中包括的所有硅成分总重的2wt％至6wt％进行混合。
此外，第三次搅拌可以执行2小时至4小时，并且第四次搅拌可以执行20小时至28小时。
在下文中，通过充分地加热第二混合物以蒸发由于原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)水解而产生的乙醇和水，来制备第三混合物。
可以在70℃至90℃的温度下执行第二混合物的加热。
在下文中，通过将氟化氢(HF)水溶液与第三混合物混合并执行加热、洗涤和干燥过程，来制备第四混合物。
此处，第三混合物的加热可以在150℃至200℃的温度下进行预定时间，洗涤可以进行若干次，并且可以在室温下进行干燥。
接下来，通过执行用于移除第四混合物的有机物质的额外热处理，来制备根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于制备沸石催化剂的LTA沸石。
额外的热处理可以在500℃至700℃下执行6小时至10小时，并且在根据示例性实施方式的LTA沸石中，Si:Al比可以是5至50。
此外，在无晶种制备LTA沸石的情况下，可以由以下方法制备LTA沸石。以0.1摩尔至1.0摩尔的1,2-二甲基-3-(4-甲基苄基)咪唑啉氢氧化物(在下文中，12DM3(4MB)IOH)作为有机结构引发分子，添加0.0摩尔至0.2摩尔的氢氧化铝和0.0摩尔至0.2摩尔的四甲基氢氧化铵(在下文中，TMAOH)，并在塑料烧杯中充分搅拌。接着，添加原硅酸四乙酯(在下文中，TEOS)至相对于反应物之比为1摩尔并再次充分地搅拌。
接着，将溶液在60℃至100℃下充分地加热，直到水变成0摩尔至10摩尔同时完全去除因添加到溶液的TEOS水解产生的乙醇。最后，添加0.1摩尔至1.0摩尔的氟化氢(HF)并充分地混合，以获得具有期望组成的反应混合物。
将反应混合物转移到Teflon反应器并再放在由不锈钢制成的容器中，在100℃至200℃下加热0.1天至14天，以制备LTA沸石。而且在由该方法制备的LTA沸石中，Si:Al比可以是5至50。然而，该制备方法是示例性的并且不受前述方法所限制。
接着，将详细描述使用所制备的LTA沸石制备包含离子的LTA沸石的过程。
首先，将LTA沸石放入铵盐，进行回流，洗涤，并干燥，以制备包括NH4+离子的NH4型LTA沸石。
在其中，铵盐可以是硝酸铵(NH4NO3)。
回流过程可以在60℃至100℃的温度下执行5小时至7小时。
在示例性实施方式中，离子例示的是铵离子，但是不限于此。也就是说，其他离子或离子盐的使用也包括在本发明的范围内。
接着，将描述通过在包含离子的LTA沸石中进行铜(Cu)离子交换来制备铜型LTA沸石的过程。在该过程中制备的铜型LTA沸石中，铜和铝的比可以是0.14至0.58。该比例优选是0.32至0.48。
然而，本发明不限于该比例，并且铜和铝的比可以是0.1至0.7。铜和铝之比可以根据使用催化剂的环境条件适当调整。
此外，当铜的含量由wt％表示时，铜的含量可以是0.5wt％至5wt％。此外，铜的含量可以是2.0wt％至3.0wt％。
在上述过程中，包含Cu离子的铜型LTA沸石可以通过对制备后的包含干燥NH4+离子的NH4型LTA沸石的铜(Cu)离子交换来制备。
铜离子交换在包括醋酸铜一水合物、氮化铜、硝酸铜和硫酸铜的铜前体溶液中并执行搅拌，然后执行洗涤和干燥过程，以制备铜型LTA沸石。
接着，可以在逐渐地升高炉中温度之后对铜型LTA沸石进行热处理，以制备根据本发明的示例性实施方式的催化剂。
此处，可以在以每分钟1℃至30℃将温度升高至400℃至750℃之后，执行铜型LTA沸石的热处理1小时至24小时。
在该方法中制备的铜型LTA沸石中，铜和铝之比可以是0.14至0.58。铜和铝之比可以是0.32比0.48。
上述铜铝之比是具有热稳定性和优异的NOX净化性能的比值。
在上文中，描述了包含铜离子的Cu/LTA催化剂，但是本发明不限于此。
例如，根据本发明的示例性实施方式应用于DOC 112的LTA沸石催化剂可以包括Pd/LTA催化剂。另外，当Pd的含量相对于Pd/LTA催化剂的总重由wt％表示时，Pd的含量可以是相对于Pd/LTA催化剂的总重的0.1wt％至3wt％。
因此，在根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置中，将具有改进的高温性能的Pd/LTA催化剂应用于DOC，防止因DPF再生致使温度升高而引起的DOC劣化。
另外，根据本发明的示例性实施方式，后催化剂装置120包括柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)122和选择性催化还原剂(SCR)124。
DPF 122在SCR 124的前端部分处形成，并还原废气的颗粒物(PM)。此处，DPF 122可以是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的在DPF上涂布有SCR催化剂的SDPF(在DPF上有SCR)。
SCR 124可以使用尿素水溶液将通过DOC 112和DPF 122的废气的氮氧化物(NOX)还原。
控制装置140控制尿素喷射器130以喷射尿素水溶液。另外，控制装置140接收在温度检测器150和160中测量的温度，并在当DPF 122中收集预定量的颗粒物时将DPF 122的前端部分的温度控制到预定温度或更高。例如，控制装置140可以控制发动机100，使得从发动机排放的排气温度变成640℃或更高。
出于本目的，控制装置140可以通过由预定程序操作的一个或多个处理器实施，并且预定程序可以编程为根据本发明的示例性实施方式执行用于净化废气的方法的各个步骤。
另外，DOC 112将废气中的NOX存储在SCR 124的非活性区中并在SCR 124活化之后分离所存储的NOX。另外，SCR 124可以净化DOC112中所分离的NOX。此处，根据本发明的示例性实施方式，SCR 124的非活性区中的温度低于在SCR 124活化之后的温度。
此外，DOC 112存储废气中在具有大量氧的贫油状态下产生的NOX，并且可以在SCR124活化之后分离所存储的NOX。在该情况下，根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置不需要像常规稀燃NOX捕集器(LNT)那样控制发动机迫使其处于富油状态下。
图2是对应于排气温度的NOX净化效率的曲线图，图3是显示根据本发明的示例性实施方式的对应于SCR操作的累积NOX量的曲线图。
参照图2和图3，在现有技术中，在其中SCR在冷启动期间不活化的低温区域中，NOX净化效率低。
然而，根据本发明的示例性实施方式，包含Pd/LTA催化剂的DOC将废气中的NOX存储在其中SCR非活化的区域中，并在SCR活化之后分离存储在DOC中的NOX。另外，活化的SCR净化从DOC分离的NOX。因此，根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置可以有效地还原冷启动期间在SCR非活性区中产生的氮氧化物。
图4是示意性地示出根据本发明的各种示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置的结构的图。在该情况下，在用于净化废气的装置中，仅示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方式说明所需的示意性配置，并且本发明不限于所述配置。
参照图4，根据本发明的各种示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置包括：从发动机200排放的废气经其通过的排放管线205、设置在从发动机200排放的废气经其通过的排放管线205上的前催化剂装置210、连接到前催化剂装置210的后催化剂装置220、和将尿素水溶液喷射到排放管线205中的尿素喷射器230。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式，前催化剂装置210包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)212和柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)214。此处，DOC 212可以包括图1中描述的Pd/LTA催化剂，并且将省略与图1的共同部分的详细描述。
另外，根据本发明的示例性实施方式，后催化剂装置220包括选择性催化还原剂(SCR)222。
尿素喷射器230设置在前催化剂装置210和后催化剂装置220之间，以将尿素水溶液喷射到排放管线205中。
图5是示意性地示出根据本发明的各示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置的结构的图。在该情况下，在用于净化废气的装置中，仅示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方式说明所需的示意性配置，并且本发明不限于所述配置。
参照图5，根据本发明的各种示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置包括：从发动机300排放的废气经其通过的排放管线305、设置在从发动机300排放的废气经其通过的排放管线305上的前催化剂装置310和连接到前催化剂装置310的后催化剂装置320。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式，前催化剂装置310包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)312、柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)314和喷射尿素水溶液的尿素喷射器316。此处，DOC 312可以包括在图1中描述的Pd/LTA催化剂，并且将省略与图1的共同部分的详细描述。
另外，根据本发明的示例性实施方式，DPF 314可以是在DPF上涂布有SCR催化剂的SDPF(DPF上有SCR)。
此外，尿素喷射器316可以设置在DOC 312和DPF 314之间。
另外，根据本发明的示例性实施方式，后催化剂装置320包括选择性催化还原剂(SCR)322。
图6是示出根据本发明的每个示例性实施方式的PM再生期间DOC催化剂温度的曲线图。
参照图6，当在DPF中收集预定量的PM时，从发动机排放的废气温度被控制为640℃或者更多，以移除所收集的PM。另外，在DPF的再生期间DOC催化剂的温度升高至700℃至900℃。因此，在现有技术中，在再生DPF以移除DPF中收集的PM的情况下，废气温度升高，引起DOC催化剂的劣化。
然而，在本发明的用于净化废气的装置中，将具有改进的高温性能的LTA沸石催化剂应用于DOC，以防止DPF再生使温度升高而导致的DOC劣化。
DOC由具有优异耐热性的Pd/LTA催化剂形成，并且DPF的前端部分的温度控制为高温区中的多阶段(例如，640℃→670℃)，从而更有效地移除PM。
因此，在根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置中，将具有改进的高温性能的LTA沸石催化剂应用于DOC，因此可以提供可以改进氮氧化物的净化性能并改进燃料经济性的环境。
此外，在根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置中，在选择性催化还原剂(SCR)的非活性区中氮氧化物被存储在LTA沸石催化剂中，在SCR作用区中氮氧化物被分离，由此提供可以在冷启动期间还原SCR非活性区的氮氧化物的环境。
此外，在根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于净化废气的装置中，提供可以防止因DPF再生使温度升高而引起DOC劣化的环境。
为便于解释和随附权利要求的准确定义，术语“上部”、“下部”、“内部”、“外部”、“上”、“下”、“向上”、“向下”、“前”、“后”、“后面”、“在里面”、“在外面”、“向内地”、“向外地”、“内部的”、“外部的”、“向前”和“向后”用于参照如图中所显示特征的位置描述示例性实施方式的这些特征。
出于说明和描述的目的呈现本发明的具体示例性实施方式的前述说明。它们并不意在穷举或者将本发明限制于所公开的准确形式，显然，根据上述启示，许多修改和变化都是可能的。选择并描述示例性实施方式，以解释本发明的某些原理及其实际应用，以使本领域技术人员能够作出并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方式，以及它们的各种替代形式和修改。本发明的范围意在由随附的权利要求及其等同形式限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于净化发动机中的废气的装置，所述装置包括：
排放管线，自所述发动机排放的废气通过所述排放管线；
柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)，其布置在所述排放管线中，以净化所述废气的碳氢化合物(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)；
尿素喷射器，其将尿素水溶液喷射到所述排放管线中；以及
选择性催化还原剂(SCR)，其通过利用所述尿素水溶液将通过所述DOC的废气的氮氧化物还原，
其中所述DOC包括林德A型(LTA)沸石催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，
所述LTA沸石催化剂包括Pt、Pd、Rh、Fe、Cu、Ag、Mn、Co和Mg中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，
基于所述LTA沸石催化剂的总重，所述LTA沸石催化剂包括0.1wt％至3wt％的Pb。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，所述装置还包括：
柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)，其在所述DOC的后端部分或所述SCR的前端部分处形成并还原所述废气的颗粒物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其中，
当在所述DPF中收集预定量的颗粒物时，所述DPF的前端部分的温度被控制为预定温度或更高。
6.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中，
所述DOC将所述废气中的NOX存储在所述SCR的非活性区中，并在所述SCR活化之后分离所存储的NOX。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，
所述SCR的所述非活性区中的温度低于在所述SCR活化之后的温度。
8.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中，
所述DOC存储废气中在具有预定量氧的贫油状态下产生的NOX。
9.一种用于净化发动机中的废气的装置，所述装置包括：
前催化剂装置，其布置在从所述发动机排放的废气经其通过的排放管线上且包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)；和
后催化剂装置，其连接到所述前催化剂装置且包括选择性催化还原剂(SCR)，
其中所述DOC包括林德A型(LTA)沸石催化剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，
所述前催化剂装置或所述后催化剂装置包括：
还原所述废气的颗粒物的柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，所述装置还包括：
尿素喷射器，其将尿素水溶液喷射到所述排放管线中；和
控制器，其配置为控制所述尿素水溶液的喷射并配置为当在所述DPF中收集预定量的颗粒物时将所述废气的温度控制到预定温度或更高。
12.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，
所述DOC将所述废气中的NOX存储在所述SCR的非活性区中并在所述SCR活化之后分离存储在所述DOC中的NOX。
13.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中所述LTA沸石催化剂包括Pt、Pd、Rh、Fe、Cu、Ag、Mn、Co和Mg中的至少一种。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置，其中，
基于所述LTA沸石催化剂的总重，所述LTA沸石催化剂包括0.1wt％至3wt％的Pb。
CN201711145157.3A 2016-11-17 2017-11-17 用于净化废气的装置 Pending CN108071467A (zh)

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