CN108071020B - Filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108071020B CN108071020B CN201711326304.7A CN201711326304A CN108071020B CN 108071020 B CN108071020 B CN 108071020B CN 201711326304 A CN201711326304 A CN 201711326304A CN 108071020 B CN108071020 B CN 108071020B
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- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust and a preparation method thereof, wherein the filter bag comprises 85-95 wt% of microporous composite filter material and 5-15 wt% of adsorption layer loaded on the microporous composite filter material, the adsorption layer is a mixture obtained by blending and curing magnetic nano iron oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion and dispersant emulsion, the weight percentage of the magnetic nano iron oxide in the mixture is 3-25%, the weight percentage of the polytetrafluoroethylene is 55-70%, and the balance is dispersant emulsion condensate. The filter bag prepared by the method has stronger adsorption force on metal dust, effectively shortens the forming time of the powder cake layer, and improves the recovery rate and ash removal effectiveness of nonferrous metals; the filter bag has higher filtering precision, obviously improved conductivity and excellent antistatic and explosion-proof capabilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional filter materials, and particularly relates to a filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the problem of dust pollution generated in the smelting, processing and coating processes of nonferrous metals is very serious, toxic dust generated in the smelting process can seriously harm the survival of organisms, for example, beryllium dust can cause lung granuloma; silicon-containing dust can cause pneumoconiosis; arsenic dust can induce lung cancer, and meanwhile, the dust falls on rotating parts of the machine, so that the abrasion of the parts can be accelerated, and the working precision and the service life of the machine are reduced. With the continuous enhancement of environmental awareness in the world, the atmospheric quality, the air visibility and the like are more and more widely concerned, the comprehensive treatment technology for researching industrial dust is accelerated, and the method has very important significance for improving the environmental air quality.
At present, the modes of applying more nonferrous metal dust treatment are two modes of electrostatic dust removal and bag type dust removal. Patent application No. CN201310329844.6 "preparation method of filter material for electrostatic excitation bag collector" discloses that a layer of stainless steel mesh layer with thickness of 0.01-0.1mm is covered on the surface of the filter material in a thermal compounding way to obtain the filter material with the function of resisting electric shock, and the electrostatic dust collection and bag collector technology are multiplexed, so that the filter efficiency and the filter precision of smoke dust are improved, but the electrostatic excitation adsorption is realized only by simply relying on the conduction of the stainless steel mesh layer, and the adsorption capacity needs to be further improved.
As a multifunctional material, the magnetic nano iron oxide is the most active research object in the field of new materials at present and has very important influence on future economic and social development, and is also the most active and most closely applied component in nano science and technology. The magnetic nano iron oxide material has excellent magnetism, good adsorbability of nano materials, small-size effect and the like, and the preparation process is mature, so that industrial application can be realized. Patent number ZL201410781433.5 'reticular porous heavy metal adsorption material loaded with nano iron oxide and preparation method' discloses a reticular porous adsorption material loaded with nano iron oxide, which realizes the filtration and recovery of heavy metals in wastewater by utilizing the magnetism of the nano iron oxide and the loading and elution effects of the reticular porous adsorption material. Compared with the capture of heavy metals in water, the capture process of metal dust by air is more complex, the dust capture mechanism of the traditional filter material mainly has the mechanical blocking effects of interception effect, inertia effect, diffusion deposition, gravity deposition and the like in the actual working condition, and along with the increase of the operation time, the dust cake layer accumulated on the filter bag further increases the pressure difference and resistance in the dust collector, the further absorption of the filter bag to dust is influenced, the dust cleaning treatment is required to be carried out when certain pressure difference is reached, the dust cleaning effect directly influences the reabsorption capacity of the filter bag, and the formation time of the dust cake layer and the weight of the dust cake layer are positively correlated with the dust cleaning effectiveness of the filter bag.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low filtering efficiency and low dust cleaning recovery rate of the filter bag for the conventional bag type dust collector, and provides a filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust and a preparation method thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust comprises a filter bag body, wherein the filter bag body comprises a microporous composite filter material with the weight percentage of 85-95% and an adsorption layer loaded on the microporous composite filter material with the weight percentage of 5-15%; the adsorption layer is obtained by solidifying a blend of magnetic nano iron oxide, dispersing agent emulsion and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersing emulsion, wherein the weight percentage of the magnetic nano iron oxide in the blend is 3-25%, the weight percentage of the polytetrafluoroethylene is 55-70%, and the balance is dispersing agent emulsion condensate.
Furthermore, the microporous composite filter material has three layers, namely a surface layer, a base fabric layer and a bottom layer which are mutually solidified from top to bottom, wherein the surface layer and the bottom layer are both superfine polyphenylene sulfide fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber blended layers, and the base fabric layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode.
Further, the weight ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers to the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers in the surface layer and the bottom layer is 1: 0.1 to 1.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the magnetic nano iron oxide to the dispersant emulsion is (0.5-5): (13-101).
Furthermore, the particle size of the magnetic nano iron oxide is 30-150 nm.
Further, the dispersant emulsion is a mixed solution of a titanate coupling agent or a silane coupling agent, a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and water, and the weight ratio of the titanate coupling agent to the silane coupling agent to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1: (2-50): (10-50).
Further, the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1-50%.
Further, the solid content of the polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion is 60%.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the filter bag for filtering and recovering the nonferrous metal dust, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a microporous composite filter material: the surface layer and the bottom layer are both blended by adopting superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the mass ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers to the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers is 1: 0.1-1, wherein the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode, fibers are subjected to opening, mixing, carding and lapping to obtain a uniform fiber net, then the base cloth layer is placed between the two fiber nets, the base cloth layer and the two fiber nets are consolidated together through a needling machine to form a needled felt, the needled felt with a uniform surface is obtained through calendaring and singeing treatment, the average aperture of the formed needled felt is 8-15 mu m through setting of technological parameters, and the aperture distribution is uniform;
step two, mixing the magnetic nano iron oxide and the dispersant emulsion according to the weight ratio of (0.5-5) to (13-101), stirring for 1-10min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 5-15min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
step three, mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion and water according to the weight ratio of (1-5): 1, (1) mixing, namely stirring and mixing for 20-40min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 25-35min to obtain mixed emulsion;
step four, loading the mixed emulsion on the microporous composite filter material by spraying or dipping;
and step five, drying and shaping the filter material obtained in the step four, wherein the shaping temperature is 190-260 ℃, the shaping speed is 9-12 m/min, and the obtained filter material is made into filter bags with different specifications.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a microporous composite filter material: the surface layer and the bottom layer are both blended by adopting superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the mass ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers to the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers is 1:0.6, the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode, fibers are subjected to opening, mixing, carding and lapping to obtain a uniform fiber net, then the base cloth layer is placed between the two fiber nets, the base cloth layer and the two fiber nets are consolidated together through a needling machine to form a needled felt, the needled felt with a uniform surface is obtained through calendaring and singeing treatment, the average aperture of the formed needled felt is 8-15 mu m through setting of technological parameters, and the aperture distribution is uniform;
step two, mixing the magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 90nm and a dispersant emulsion according to the weight ratio of 5: 33, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
step three, mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion and water according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 5, mixing, stirring and mixing for 30min by using a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a mixed emulsion;
step four, loading the mixed emulsion on the microporous composite filter material by spraying or dipping;
and step five, drying and shaping the filter material obtained in the step four at the shaping temperature of 240 ℃ and the shaping speed of 10.5m/min, and manufacturing the obtained filter material into filter bags with different specifications.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following functions and related mechanisms:
1. and (3) filtering: the mass ratio of the magnetic nano iron oxide to the filter material is controlled, so that the filter material obtains a proper magnetic adsorption force for metal dust, and a stable and compact metal powder cake layer is formed on the surface of the filter material, so that more dust can be intercepted, the filtering efficiency is effectively improved, and the emission concentration is reduced;
2. accelerating the formation of a puff cake layer: the filtering mechanism of the filter material is mainly that the powder cake layer filters the surface layer of dust, and the absorption layer has an absorption effect on metal dust, so that the time for forming the powder cake layer is shortened by 8-15 days compared with the traditional filter material;
3. and (3) antistatic action: dust in flue gas and dust, dust and the inner wall of a dust collector and the like are easy to generate contact electrification in the friction process, and in the working condition of high dust, static electricity can cause dust explosion, so that the anti-static performance of the filter bag is particularly important, the stable metal powder cake layer has good conductivity, and the magnetic nano iron oxide also has certain conductivity, so that the filter material integrally obtains good conductivity, and the filter bag is in direct contact with the pattern plate to achieve good anti-static effect;
4. recovery of metal dust: under the action of magnetic adsorption, the capture capacity of the filter material to fine metal dust can be remarkably improved, the escape of the fine metal dust is reduced, the metal dust can be separated from the filter bag along with air flow and fall into an ash hopper to be recovered during spraying, and the ash removal effectiveness is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention endows the micropore composite filter material with corresponding functionality by utilizing the characteristics of magnetism, nanometer size effect and the like of the magnetic nanometer ferric oxide, improves the adsorption force of the filter bag on metal dust under the action of the magnetic and nanometer surface adsorption effects, effectively shortens the forming time of the powder cake layer, and the formed powder cake layer is a very stable metal powder cake layer, thereby realizing the high-efficiency recovery of nonferrous metals;
the invention can also realize the capture of fine metal dust by controlling the amount of the magnetic nano iron oxide, and simultaneously avoid the rise of the resistance of the filter bag caused by the fact that the dust cannot be smoothly cleaned due to too strong attraction force, thereby realizing the controllability of the dust cleaning process;
in addition, because the adsorption capacity of the filter bag to the fine metal dust is enhanced, on one hand, the filtering precision of the filter bag is improved, on the other hand, the conductive capacity of the filter bag is obviously improved, and excellent antistatic and explosion-proof capacities are obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a filter bag according to the present invention; in the figure: 1. a bottom layer; 2. a base cloth layer; 3. a surface layer; 4. and an adsorption layer.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the magnetic nano-iron oxide adsorption layer according to the present invention; in the figure: 5. flue gas; 6. a filter bag body; 7. a metal powder cake layer.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the mechanism of metal dust recovery according to the present invention; in the figure: 8. a blowing device; 6. a filter bag body; 9. blowing air flow; 10. dust; 11. a flue gas stream; 12. an ash bucket.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the filter bag of the present invention is divided into a bottom layer 1, a base fabric layer 2, a face layer 3 and an adsorption layer 4 loaded on the face layer. The adsorption layer 4 forms a magnetic layer, the surface layer 3 is a dust facing surface, the base cloth layer 2 is an intermediate layer, and the bottom layer 1 is a clean air surface fiber layer and is used for further purifying air passing through the base cloth layer.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the magnetic nano-iron oxide adsorption layer of the present invention. The flue gas 5 that contains the metal dust enters into filter bag body 6, because the magnetism and the adsorptivity of adsorbed layer have accelerateed the formation of metal powder cake layer 7 in filtration earlier stage, other non-metal dust are because unable and magnetism nanometer iron oxide produce the magnetic adsorption effect in flue gas 5, are changeed and fall into the ash bucket under the jetting. After the metal powder cake layer 7 is formed, the overall antistatic performance of the filter bag can be obviously improved by utilizing the conductivity of the metal powder cake layer 7 and the adsorption layer, so that the probability of accidents such as dust explosion and the like caused by static electricity is reduced.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the mechanism of metal dust recovery according to the present invention. In the use stage, metal dust 10 can intercept most dust 10 under the dual function of muffin layer and adsorbed layer along with flue gas air current 11 reachs the surface course of filter bag body 6, and simultaneously, the adsorbed layer has strengthened filter bag body 6 and has reduced the escape of fine metal dust under the seizure effect of metal dust 10, and under the effect of jetting device 8, more metal dust 10 fall into ash bucket 12 along with the jetting air current, and the metal rate of recovery can promote more than 1 permillage.
Example 1
A filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust comprises a filter bag body, wherein the filter bag body comprises 85 wt% of microporous composite filter material and 15 wt% of an adsorption layer formed by solidifying a blend of magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 30nm, dispersant emulsion and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion with the solid content of 60%; the microporous composite filter material comprises a surface layer, a base cloth layer and a needled felt of a bottom layer, wherein the needled felt is consolidated by a needling machine from top to bottom, the bottom layer and the surface layer are both obtained by blending superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode; the dispersing agent emulsion is a mixed emulsion of a titanate coupling agent, 30% polyvinyl alcohol solution and deionized water.
The preparation method of the filter bag comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a microporous composite filter material: respectively blending superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6 to prepare a surface layer and a bottom layer, then interweaving warp and weft of polytetrafluoroethylene yarns to form a net structure, carrying out opening mixing, carding and lapping on the fibers to obtain a uniform fiber net to obtain a base cloth layer, finally placing the base cloth layer between the surface layer and the bottom layer, carrying out needling mechanical consolidation to form a needled felt, carrying out calendaring and singeing treatment to obtain a needled felt microporous composite filter material with a uniform surface, wherein the average pore diameter is 8-15 mu m;
(2) magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 30nm, a titanate coupling agent, a 30% polyvinyl alcohol solution and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1: 12: 20, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) and mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion with solid content of 60% and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 2: 1: 5, preparing, namely stirring and mixing for 30min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain mixed emulsion;
(4) loading the mixed emulsion obtained in the step (3) on the microporous composite filter material by spraying according to the weight ratio;
(5) rolling the composite filter material obtained in the step (4) to remove redundant water, so as to obtain a better loading effect;
(6) further drying and setting by a six-section hot air tentering setting machine at the setting temperature of 240 ℃ and the setting speed of 10.5m/min, and preparing the obtained filter material into a filter bag.
The filter bag prepared in the embodiment is used for performance test by adopting a German TOPAS-AFC-133VDI dynamic filtration efficiency test platform, and the test adopts the following dust: 30% of standard dust (alumina) and 70% of metal dust (the particle size is 0.3-20 μm).
And (3) testing results: formation time of cake layer: 15 days; the filtration efficiency is as follows: 99.9164 percent; and (3) metal recovery rate: 99.9213 percent.
Example 2
A filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust comprises a filter bag body, wherein the filter bag body comprises a microporous composite filter material with the weight percentage of 90 percent and an adsorption layer which is formed by solidifying a blend of magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 90nm, dispersant emulsion and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion with the solid content of 60 percent, wherein the weight percentage of the microporous composite filter material is 10 percent; the microporous composite filter material comprises a surface layer, a base cloth layer and a needled felt of a bottom layer, wherein the needled felt is consolidated by a needling machine from top to bottom, the bottom layer and the surface layer are both obtained by blending superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode; the dispersing agent emulsion is a mixed emulsion of a titanate coupling agent, 30% polyvinyl alcohol solution and deionized water.
The preparation method of the filter bag comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a microporous composite filter material: respectively blending superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6 to prepare a surface layer and a bottom layer, then interweaving warp and weft of polytetrafluoroethylene yarns to form a net structure, carrying out opening mixing, carding and lapping on the fibers to obtain a uniform fiber net to obtain a base cloth layer, finally placing the base cloth layer between the surface layer and the bottom layer, carrying out needling mechanical consolidation to form a needled felt, carrying out calendaring and singeing treatment to obtain a needled felt microporous composite filter material with a uniform surface, wherein the average pore diameter is 8-15 mu m;
(2) magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 90nm, a titanate coupling agent, 30% polyvinyl alcohol solution and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5: 1: 12: 20, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) and mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion with solid content of 60% and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 2: 1: 5, preparing, namely stirring and mixing for 30min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain mixed emulsion;
(4) loading the mixed emulsion obtained in the step (3) on the microporous composite filter material by spraying according to the weight ratio;
(5) rolling the composite filter material obtained in the step (4) to remove redundant water, so as to obtain a better loading effect;
(6) further drying and setting by a six-section hot air tentering setting machine at the setting temperature of 240 ℃ and the setting speed of 10.5m/min, and preparing the obtained filter material into a filter bag.
The filter bag prepared in the embodiment is used for performance test by adopting a German TOPAS-AFC-133VDI dynamic filtration efficiency test platform, and the test adopts the following dust: 30% of standard dust (alumina) and 70% of metal dust (the particle size is 0.3-20 μm).
And (3) testing results: formation time of cake layer: 6 days; the filtration efficiency is as follows: 99.9983 percent; and (3) metal recovery rate: 99.9999 percent.
Example 3
A filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust comprises a filter bag body, wherein the filter bag body comprises 95 wt% of microporous composite filter material and 5 wt% of an adsorption layer formed by solidifying a blend of magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 150nm, dispersing agent emulsion and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion with the solid content of 60%; the microporous composite filter material comprises a surface layer, a base cloth layer and a needled felt of a bottom layer, wherein the needled felt is consolidated by a needling machine from top to bottom, the bottom layer and the surface layer are both obtained by blending superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode; the dispersing agent emulsion is a mixed emulsion of a titanate coupling agent, 30% polyvinyl alcohol solution and deionized water.
The preparation method of the filter bag comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a microporous composite filter material: respectively blending superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6 to prepare a surface layer and a bottom layer, then interweaving warp and weft of polytetrafluoroethylene yarns to form a net structure, carrying out opening mixing, carding and lapping on the fibers to obtain a uniform fiber net to obtain a base cloth layer, finally placing the base cloth layer between the surface layer and the bottom layer, carrying out needling mechanical consolidation to form a needled felt, carrying out calendaring and singeing treatment to obtain a needled felt microporous composite filter material with a uniform surface, wherein the average pore diameter is 8-15 mu m;
(2) magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 150nm, a titanate coupling agent, 30% polyvinyl alcohol solution and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 12: 20, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) and (3) mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion with the solid content of 60%, deionized water or distilled water according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 5, preparing, namely stirring and mixing for 30min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain mixed emulsion;
(4) loading the mixed emulsion obtained in the step (3) on the microporous composite filter material by spraying according to the weight ratio;
(5) rolling the composite filter material obtained in the step (4) to remove redundant water, so as to obtain a better loading effect;
(6) further drying and setting by a six-section hot air tentering setting machine at the setting temperature of 240 ℃ and the setting speed of 10.5m/min, and preparing the obtained filter material into a filter bag.
The filter bag prepared in the embodiment is used for performance test by adopting a German TOPAS-AFC-133VDI dynamic filtration efficiency test platform, and the test adopts the following dust: 30% of standard dust (alumina) and 70% of metal dust (the particle size is 0.3-20 μm).
And (3) testing results: formation time of cake layer: 9 days; the filtration efficiency is as follows: 99.9918 percent; and (3) metal recovery rate: 99.9991 percent.
Comparative example
A method for manufacturing a conventional filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) the surface layer and the bottom layer are both blended by adopting superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the mass ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers to the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers is 1:0.6, the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode, fibers are subjected to opening, mixing, carding and lapping to obtain a uniform fiber net, then the base cloth layer is placed between the two fiber nets, the base cloth layer and the two fiber nets are consolidated together through a needling machine to form a needled felt, the needled felt with a uniform surface is obtained through calendaring and singeing treatment, the average pore diameter of the formed needled felt can be controlled to be 8-15 mu m through setting of technological parameters, and the pore diameter distribution is uniform;
(2) further carrying out a one-dipping one-rolling process on the needled felt prepared in the step (1), wherein the dipping solution is polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion with the solid content of 60% and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, preparing;
(3) and further drying and setting the needled felt by a six-section hot air tentering setting machine at the setting temperature of 240 ℃ and the setting speed of 10.5m/min to obtain the filter material, thus obtaining the filter bag.
A German TOPAS-AFC-133VDI dynamic filtration efficiency testing platform is adopted to carry out performance testing on the filter bag prepared by the comparative example, and the dust adopted by the testing is as follows: 30% of standard dust (alumina) and 70% of metal dust (the particle size is 0.3-20 μm).
And (3) testing results: formation time of cake layer: 21 days; the filtration efficiency is as follows: 99.9074 percent; and (3) metal recovery rate: 99.8671 percent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust comprises a filter bag body and is characterized in that the filter bag body comprises a microporous composite filter material with the weight percentage of 85-95% and an adsorption layer with the weight percentage of 5-15% loaded on the microporous composite filter material; the adsorption layer is a mixture obtained by blending and curing magnetic nano iron oxide, dispersant emulsion and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion, wherein the weight percentage of the magnetic nano iron oxide in the mixture is 3-25%, the weight percentage of the polytetrafluoroethylene in the mixture is 55-70%, and the balance is dispersant emulsion condensate;
the microporous composite filter material comprises three layers which are sequentially a surface layer, a base cloth layer and a bottom layer from top to bottom, wherein the surface layer, the base cloth layer and the bottom layer are mutually consolidated, the surface layer and the bottom layer are uniformly a superfine polyphenylene sulfide fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber blended layer, and the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a microporous composite filter material: the surface layer and the bottom layer are both blended by adopting superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the mass ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers to the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers is 1: 0.1-1, wherein the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode, fibers are subjected to opening, mixing, carding and lapping to obtain a uniform fiber net, then the base cloth layer is placed between the two fiber nets, the base cloth layer and the two fiber nets are consolidated together through a needling machine to form a needled felt, the needled felt with a uniform surface is obtained through calendaring and singeing treatment, the average aperture of the formed needled felt is 8-15 mu m through setting of technological parameters, and the aperture distribution is uniform;
step two, mixing the magnetic nano iron oxide and the dispersant emulsion according to the weight ratio of (0.5-5) to (13-101), stirring for 1-10min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 5-15min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
step three, mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion and water according to the weight ratio of (1-5): 1, (1) mixing, namely stirring and mixing for 20-40min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 25-35min to obtain mixed emulsion;
step four, loading the mixed emulsion on the microporous composite filter material by spraying or dipping;
and step five, drying and shaping the filter material obtained in the step four, wherein the shaping temperature is 190-260 ℃, the shaping speed is 9-12 m/min, and the obtained filter material is made into filter bags with different specifications.
2. The filter bag for filtering and recycling nonferrous metal dust according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber to the polytetrafluoroethylene fiber in the surface layer and the bottom layer is 1: 0.1 to 1.
3. The filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the magnetic nano iron oxide to the dispersant emulsion is (0.5-5): (13-101).
4. The filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the magnetic nano iron oxide has a particle size of 30 to 150 nm.
5. The filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dust according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the dispersant emulsion is a mixed solution of a titanate coupling agent or a silane coupling agent, a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and water, and the weight ratio of the titanate coupling agent to the silane coupling agent to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1: (2-50): (10-50).
6. The filter bag for filtering and recovering non-ferrous metal dust according to claim 5, wherein the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1 to 50%.
7. The filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dusts according to claim 1, wherein the solid content of the dispersion emulsion of polytetrafluoroethylene is 60%.
8. The manufacturing method of the filter bag for filtering and recovering nonferrous metal dusts according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing a microporous composite filter material: the surface layer and the bottom layer are both blended by adopting superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the mass ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers to the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers is 1: 0.1-1, wherein the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode, fibers are subjected to opening, mixing, carding and lapping to obtain a uniform fiber net, then the base cloth layer is placed between the two fiber nets, the base cloth layer and the two fiber nets are consolidated together through a needling machine to form a needled felt, the needled felt with a uniform surface is obtained through calendaring and singeing treatment, the average aperture of the formed needled felt is 8-15 mu m through setting of technological parameters, and the aperture distribution is uniform;
step two, mixing the magnetic nano iron oxide and the dispersant emulsion according to the weight ratio of (0.5-5) to (13-101), stirring for 1-10min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 5-15min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
step three, mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion and water according to the weight ratio of (1-5): 1, (1) mixing, namely stirring and mixing for 20-40min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 25-35min to obtain mixed emulsion;
step four, loading the mixed emulsion on the microporous composite filter material by spraying or dipping;
and step five, drying and shaping the filter material obtained in the step four, wherein the shaping temperature is 190-260 ℃, the shaping speed is 9-12 m/min, and the obtained filter material is made into filter bags with different specifications.
9. The manufacturing method of the filter bag for filtering and recovering non-ferrous metal dust as claimed in claim 8, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing a microporous composite filter material: the surface layer and the bottom layer are both blended by adopting superfine polyphenylene sulfide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the mass ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers to the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers is 1:0.6, the base cloth layer is a net structure formed by interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene yarns in a warp-weft mode, fibers are subjected to opening, mixing, carding and lapping to obtain a uniform fiber net, then the base cloth layer is placed between the two fiber nets, the base cloth layer and the two fiber nets are consolidated together through a needling machine to form a needled felt, the needled felt with a uniform surface is obtained through calendaring and singeing treatment, the average aperture of the formed needled felt is 8-15 mu m through setting of technological parameters, and the aperture distribution is uniform;
step two, mixing the magnetic nano iron oxide with the average particle size of 90nm and a dispersant emulsion according to the weight ratio of 5: 33, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min to prepare a magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid;
step three, mixing the obtained magnetic nano iron oxide dispersion liquid, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion emulsion and water according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 5, mixing, stirring and mixing for 30min by using a magnetic stirrer, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a mixed emulsion;
and step five, drying and shaping the filter material obtained in the step four at the shaping temperature of 240 ℃ and the shaping speed of 10.5m/min, and manufacturing the obtained filter material into filter bags with different specifications.
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| CN110013726B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2021-09-21 | 东华大学 | Magnetic composite non-woven filter bag for removing magnetic fine particles and preparation method |
| CN112080943B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-05-14 | 厦门美润医疗科技有限公司 | Functional environment-friendly non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof |
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