CN108064845A - 柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂 - Google Patents

柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂 Download PDF

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CN108064845A
CN108064845A CN201711251304.5A CN201711251304A CN108064845A CN 108064845 A CN108064845 A CN 108064845A CN 201711251304 A CN201711251304 A CN 201711251304A CN 108064845 A CN108064845 A CN 108064845A
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stick
diaphorina citri
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陈伏
杨瑞巍
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Zijin Mountain County De Fu Farm Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于虫害防治技术领域,具体公开了一种柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,该诱粘剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:诱虫药剂8‑12份、粘虫胶50‑80份,其中,诱虫药剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:植物源信息素2‑4份、昆虫性信息素2‑3份、乙醇10‑15份、壳聚糖1‑2份、蜂胶0.8‑2份、植物叶片提取物8‑15份、魔芋胶2‑5份。本发明的柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂利用了木虱对光以及对萜烯类化合物的敏感性,进行原料的合理搭配,制成的诱粘剂对木虱具有较强的杀灭能力,而且原料中加入的魔芋胶和壳聚糖可令诱粘剂具有较长的时效性并具有一定的缓释功效。

Description

柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂
【技术领域】
本发明属于虫害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂。
【背景技术】
柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)属于半翅目(Hemiptera)木虱科(Psyllidae),因其可传播植物韧皮部中的细菌Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,进而引发柑橘灾难性的病害——柑橘黄龙病(Huanglongbing,HLB)。柑橘木虱已成为柑橘生产中危害最为严重的害虫,是柑橘类新梢期主要害虫,成虫多在寄主嫩梢产卵,孵化出若虫后吸取嫩梢汁液,直至成虫羽化。受害的寄主嫩梢可出现凋萎、新梢畸变等。木虱还会分泌的白色蜜露并粘附于枝叶上引起煤烟病的发生。而且,木虱在柑橘黄龙病病株上取食、产卵繁殖,可产生大量的带菌成虫,从而使得成虫转移新植株时传播黄龙病。柑橘木虱分布地区广泛,国内目前主要分布在广东、福建、海南、广西、江西、贵州等柑橘产区。
采用昆虫色板进行虫害灭杀是一种绿色、安全、可行的方法,通过利用昆虫板的颜色和诱粘剂的气味吸引昆虫靠近后粘住杀害。但目前鲜见有针对柑橘木虱的诱粘剂,普通的诱粘剂由于原料搭配不合理,对木虱杀灭能力不强。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,以解决现有柑橘木虱防治过程中使用化学农药过多造成果实、环境的污染且防治效果不佳的问题,最终实现柑橘木虱的绿色防治。
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,该柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:诱虫药剂8-12份、粘虫胶50-80份;
其中,诱虫药剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:植物源信息素2-4份、昆虫性信息素2-3份、乙醇10-15份、壳聚糖1-2份、蜂胶0.8-2份、植物叶片提取物8-15份、魔芋胶2-5份。
所述植物源信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:萜烯类化合物6-15份、柑橘提取物5-8份、橙花醇2-3份、丁酸顺式-3-己烯酯1-2份、乙烯利0.2-0.5份。
所述萜烯类化合物为单萜烯、单萜酯、倍半萜烯的一种或多种。
所述柑橘提取物以重量份计,包括以下原料:柑橘树叶6-10份、柑橘树皮1-3份、柑橘果皮0.3-0.5份。
所述柑橘提取物制备方法为柑橘树叶、柑橘树皮、柑橘果皮在0-10℃温度下进行液氮排氧打浆制得柑橘浆,然后加入柑橘浆重量1-3倍的乙醇溶液在45-70kHz、400-800W的超声波中提取20-40min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.1-0.4倍得柑橘提取物。
所述昆虫性信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯1-2份、芳樟醇0.3-0.8份,香叶醇0.3-0.8份、丁基羟基茴香醚0.5-0.8份、苯乙醛1-2份、愈创木酚0.5-1份、2-乙酰基吡咯0.2-0.5份。
所述粘虫胶以重量份计,包括以下原料:聚乙烯醇20-30份、环烷油15-20份、改性松香树脂8-12份、植物油5-8份。
所述植物油为芝麻油、核桃油、蓖麻油的至少一种。
所述植物叶片提取物由新鲜的柠檬嫩叶、柚子嫩叶等加水打浆,然后超声波处理3-8min,过滤,滤液浓缩制得。
本发明还提供了一种柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂的制备方法:植物源信息素、昆虫性信息素加入乙醇中搅拌均匀,再加入壳聚糖、蜂胶搅拌均匀,然后加入魔芋胶搅拌均匀,最后加入植物叶片提取物、粘虫胶搅拌均匀制得。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂利用了木虱对黄光以及对萜烯类化合物的敏感性,进行原料的的合理搭配,制成的诱粘剂对木虱具有较强的杀灭能力,而且原料中加入的魔芋胶和壳聚糖可令诱粘剂具有较长的时效性并具有一定的缓释功效。
【具体实施方式】
为便于更好地理解本发明,通过以下实例加以说明,这些实例属于本发明的保护范围,但不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,该柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:诱虫药剂8份、粘虫胶50份;
其中,诱虫药剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:植物源信息素2份、昆虫性信息素2份、乙醇10份、壳聚糖1份、蜂胶0.8份、植物叶片提取物8份、魔芋胶2份。
植物源信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:萜烯类化合物6份、柑橘提取物5份、橙花醇2份、丁酸顺式-3-己烯酯1份、乙烯利0.2份。
萜烯类化合物为单萜烯、单萜酯、倍半萜烯的混合物。
柑橘提取物以重量份计,包括以下原料:柑橘树叶6份、柑橘树皮1份、柑橘果皮0.3份。
柑橘提取物制备方法为柑橘树叶、柑橘树皮、柑橘果皮在0℃温度下进行液氮排氧打浆制得柑橘浆,然后加入柑橘浆重量1倍的乙醇溶液在45kHz、400W的超声波中提取40min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.1倍得柑橘提取物。
昆虫性信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯1份、芳樟醇0.3份,香叶醇0.3份、丁基羟基茴香醚0.5份、苯乙醛1份、愈创木酚0.5份、2-乙酰基吡咯0.2份。
粘虫胶以重量份计,包括以下原料:聚乙烯醇20份、环烷油15份、改性松香树脂8份、植物油5份。
植物油为芝麻油、核桃油、蓖麻油混合而成。
植物叶片提取物制备方法为加入新鲜的柠檬嫩叶重量1倍的水打浆,然后在40kHz、300W的超声波处理3min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.2倍制得。
柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂的制备方法:植物源信息素、昆虫性信息素加入乙醇中搅拌均匀,再加入壳聚糖、蜂胶搅拌均匀,然后加入魔芋胶搅拌均匀,最后加入植物叶片提取物、粘虫胶搅拌均匀制得。
实施例2
柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,该柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:诱虫药剂10份、粘虫胶68份;
其中,诱虫药剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:植物源信息素3份、昆虫性信息素2.5份、乙醇12份、壳聚糖1.6份、蜂胶1.5份、植物叶片提取物13份、魔芋胶4份。
植物源信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:萜烯类化合物11份、柑橘提取物7份、橙花醇2.8份、丁酸顺式-3-己烯酯1.5份、乙烯利0.3份。
萜烯类化合物为单萜烯。
柑橘提取物以重量份计,包括以下原料:柑橘树叶9份、柑橘树皮2份、柑橘果皮0.4份。
柑橘提取物制备方法为柑橘树叶、柑橘树皮、柑橘果皮在5℃温度下进行液氮排氧打浆制得柑橘浆,然后加入柑橘浆重量2倍的乙醇溶液在56kHz、600W的超声波中提取35min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.3倍得柑橘提取物。
昆虫性信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯1.8份、芳樟醇0.6份,香叶醇0.5份、丁基羟基茴香醚0.6份、苯乙醛1.5份、愈创木酚0.7份、2-乙酰基吡咯0.3份。
粘虫胶以重量份计,包括以下原料:聚乙烯醇26份、环烷油18份、改性松香树脂10份、植物油7份。
植物油为核桃油。
植物叶片提取物制备方法为加入新鲜的柠檬嫩叶重量1倍的水打浆,然后在40kHz、350W的超声波处理2min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.3倍制得。
柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂的制备方法:植物源信息素、昆虫性信息素加入乙醇中搅拌均匀,再加入壳聚糖、蜂胶搅拌均匀,然后加入魔芋胶搅拌均匀,最后加入植物叶片提取物、粘虫胶搅拌均匀制得。
实施例3
柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,该柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:诱虫药剂12份、粘虫胶80份;
其中,诱虫药剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:植物源信息素4份、昆虫性信息素3份、乙醇15份、壳聚糖2份、蜂胶2份、植物叶片提取物15份、魔芋胶5份。
植物源信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:萜烯类化合物15份、柑橘提取物8份、橙花醇3份、丁酸顺式-3-己烯酯2份、乙烯利0.5份。
萜烯类化合物为单萜烯、单萜酯、倍半萜烯的一种或多种。
柑橘提取物以重量份计,包括以下原料:柑橘树叶10份、柑橘树皮3份、柑橘果皮0.5份。
柑橘提取物制备方法为柑橘树叶、柑橘树皮、柑橘果皮在10℃温度下进行液氮排氧打浆制得柑橘浆,然后加入柑橘浆重量3倍的乙醇溶液在70kHz、800W的超声波中提取20min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.4倍得柑橘提取物。
昆虫性信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯2份、芳樟醇0.8份,香叶醇0.8份、丁基羟基茴香醚0.8份、苯乙醛2份、愈创木酚1份、2-乙酰基吡咯0.5份。
粘虫胶以重量份计,包括以下原料:聚乙烯醇30份、环烷油20份、改性松香树脂12份、植物油8份。
植物油为蓖麻油。
植物叶片提取物制备方法为加入新鲜的柠檬嫩叶和柚子嫩叶重量1.5倍的水打浆,然后在45kHz、400W的超声波处理2min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.3倍制得。
柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂的制备方法:植物源信息素、昆虫性信息素加入乙醇中搅拌均匀,再加入壳聚糖、蜂胶搅拌均匀,然后加入魔芋胶搅拌均匀,最后加入植物叶片提取物、粘虫胶搅拌均匀制得。
对比例1
与实施例3的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是制备原料中缺少魔芋胶。
对比例2
与实施例3的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是制备原料中缺少萜烯类化合物和植物叶片提取物。
对比例3
与实施例3的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是制备原料缺少魔芋胶、萜烯类化合物和植物叶片提取物。
对比例4
未见有专用的柑橘木虱诱粘剂,帮故选用果蝇诱粘剂。
试验数据:
使用实施例1-3和对比例1-4的诱粘剂40g均匀涂覆于60cm2薄木板上,编号分别为1#-7#,选择果树长势相近的柑橘果园350m2,平均划分成7块,每块50m2。将1#-7#的薄木板垂直悬于柑橘树下,分别清理和统计使用10d、20d、30d各组粘附木虱的数量,统计结果如表1所示。
表1各组试验统计结果
编号 10d粘虫量/只 20d粘虫量/只 30d粘虫量/只
1# 654 601 574
2# 682 688 602
3# 711 692 594
4# 632 575 450
5# 425 369 311
6# 298 214 196
7# 235 216 192
由表1中的1#-3#与7#数据可知本发明制备的诱虫剂与市售普通的诱虫剂相比,具有显著的粘虫效果。2#与4#-6#数据可知,魔芋胶、萜烯类化合物和植物叶片提取物起到了协同作用,通过植物叶片提取物中色素使得诱粘剂具有黄绿色,而萜烯类化合物则对柑橘木虱具有较强的吸引能力,从而提高了诱粘剂对木虱的杀灭效果并且具有较长的时效性,延长了使用寿命。
以上内容是结合具体的/优选的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,其还可以对这些已描述的实施例做出若干替代或变型,而这些替代或变型方式都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,该柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:诱虫药剂8-12份、粘虫胶50-80份;
其中,诱虫药剂以重量份计,包括以下原料:植物源信息素2-4份、昆虫性信息素2-3份、乙醇10-15份、壳聚糖1-2份、蜂胶0.8-2份、植物叶片提取物8-15份、魔芋胶2-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述植物源信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:萜烯类化合物6-15份、柑橘提取物5-8份、橙花醇2-3份、丁酸顺式-3-己烯酯1-2份、乙烯利0.2-0.5份。
3.根据权利要求2所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述萜烯类化合物为单萜烯、单萜酯、倍半萜烯的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求2所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述柑橘提取物以重量份计,包括以下原料:柑橘树叶6-10份、柑橘树皮1-3份、柑橘果皮0.3-0.5份。
5.根据权利要求4所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述柑橘提取物制备方法为柑橘树叶、柑橘树皮、柑橘果皮在0-10℃温度下进行液氮排氧打浆制得柑橘浆,然后加入柑橘浆重量1-3倍的乙醇溶液在45-70kHz、400-800W的超声波中提取20-40min,过滤,滤液体积浓缩0.1-0.4倍得柑橘提取物。
6.根据权利要求1所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述昆虫性信息素以重量份计,包括以下原料:邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯1-2份、芳樟醇0.3-0.8份,香叶醇0.3-0.8份、丁基羟基茴香醚0.5-0.8份、苯乙醛1-2份、愈创木酚0.5-1份、2-乙酰基吡咯0.2-0.5份。
7.根据权利要求1所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述粘虫胶以重量份计,包括以下原料:聚乙烯醇20-30份、环烷油15-20份、改性松香树脂8-12份、植物油5-8份。
8.根据权利要求7所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述植物油为芝麻油、核桃油、蓖麻油的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述植物叶片提取物由新鲜的柠檬嫩叶、柚子嫩叶等加水打浆,然后超声波处理3-8min,过滤,滤液浓缩制得。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂,其特征在于,所述柑橘木虱专用诱粘剂制备方法为植物源信息素、昆虫性信息素加入乙醇中搅拌均匀,再加入壳聚糖、蜂胶搅拌均匀,然后加入魔芋胶搅拌均匀,最后加入植物叶片提取物、粘虫胶搅拌均匀制得。
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CN108991042A (zh) * 2018-06-28 2018-12-14 大新县科学技术情报研究所 防治苦丁茶虫害的药剂
CN109197867A (zh) * 2018-09-10 2019-01-15 柳州东雅科技有限公司 柑橘木虱诱杀药剂及其制备方法和应用
CN110074110A (zh) * 2019-06-04 2019-08-02 赣南师范大学 邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯在引诱柑橘木虱中的应用以及一种柑橘木虱引诱剂
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CN108991042A (zh) * 2018-06-28 2018-12-14 大新县科学技术情报研究所 防治苦丁茶虫害的药剂
CN109197867A (zh) * 2018-09-10 2019-01-15 柳州东雅科技有限公司 柑橘木虱诱杀药剂及其制备方法和应用
CN110074110A (zh) * 2019-06-04 2019-08-02 赣南师范大学 邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯在引诱柑橘木虱中的应用以及一种柑橘木虱引诱剂
CN110074110B (zh) * 2019-06-04 2021-04-06 赣南师范大学 邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯在引诱柑橘木虱中的应用以及一种柑橘木虱引诱剂
CN110839660A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-02-28 广东泰强化工实业有限公司 一种昆虫诱粘剂及其制备方法

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