CN108062905B - Comprehensive demonstration teaching aid for mechanism - Google Patents

Comprehensive demonstration teaching aid for mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108062905B
CN108062905B CN201810080586.5A CN201810080586A CN108062905B CN 108062905 B CN108062905 B CN 108062905B CN 201810080586 A CN201810080586 A CN 201810080586A CN 108062905 B CN108062905 B CN 108062905B
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China
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
gear
eccentric disc
pin
pin shaft
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CN108062905A (en
Inventor
范晋伟
邬昌军
张依铃
潘日
陶浩浩
李中生
查春青
陈东菊
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanism comprehensive demonstration teaching aid which comprises a vertical plate, a bottom plate, an angle code, a crank, a support, a transmission shaft, a gear mechanism, a cam mechanism and a connecting rod mechanism. The eccentric disc is a driving unit of the cam mechanism and the connecting rod mechanism. The cam mechanism comprises a swing rod and a return spring. The connecting rod mechanism comprises a connecting rod a, a connecting rod b, a pin shaft a, a pin shaft b and a pin shaft c. And the crank is rotated, the eccentric disc is driven through the transmission of the transmission shaft and the gear mechanism, then the motion rule of the swing rod is observed, and the swing rod can be in high-pair contact with the eccentric disc through the reset spring. Due to the movement of the eccentric disc, different types of connecting rod mechanisms can be obtained by changing the positions of the pin a, the pin b and the pin c, and different types of movement rules of the connecting rod b can be observed. The invention cultures the learning interest of students through the physical demonstration, improves the teaching quality of the class and achieves the ideal teaching purpose.

Description

Comprehensive demonstration teaching aid for mechanism
Technical Field
The invention relates to a teaching tool which is suitable for comprehensive visual demonstration of a mechanism on a mechanical design basis, and can be used for physically demonstrating concepts of high and low generation, quick return characteristic concepts, dead point concepts and comprehensive and movement principles of various mechanisms.
Background
Along with the promotion of innovation and innovation education reform of universities and the adaptation to the demands of innovation talent cultivation in new forms, classroom education must change the teaching mode of the prior heavy knowledge infusion and light innovation thinking ability cultivation. The mechanical profession is one of basic professions, a lot of course contents are closely related to engineering practice, and one effective way for improving the innovation thinking ability of students is to demonstrate a class physical model. Therefore, the teaching aid establishes a connection with theoretical knowledge in courses, has strong intuitiveness, and is novel for students and better in teaching effect.
However, the mechanical design foundation is taken as a backbone technical foundation course of the mechanical class specialty, most schools adopt multimedia mode teaching, and in the course, the concepts of high-low-grade and quick return characteristics, the concepts of dead points and the comprehensive and movement principles of various institutions are difficult to understand by students because of the comparison abstraction if only through conceptual understanding. Therefore, in the class, the observation, operation and comparison of a comprehensive demonstration teaching aid for a mechanism can be intuitively realized, and the content of the course is more important to be understood deeply.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a mechanism comprehensive demonstration teaching aid. The teaching aid is simple in structure and convenient to assemble, a model can demonstrate the concept of high-low-grade and quick return characteristics and the concept of dead points, and can observe the working principles of the cam mechanism, the connecting rod mechanism and the gear mechanism, and meanwhile, the motion characteristics of different connecting rod mechanisms and the transmissibility of knowing motion can be obtained through simple operation.
The utility model provides a mechanism synthesizes demonstration teaching aid, this demonstration teaching aid includes riser 9, bottom plate 10, angle sign indicating number 11, crank 1, support 2, transmission shaft 3, gear mechanism 4, cam mechanism and link mechanism. The eccentric disc 5 is a driving unit of a cam mechanism and a link mechanism.
The cam mechanism comprises a swing rod 6 and a return spring 13.
The link mechanism comprises a link a7, a link b8, a pin a121, a pin b122 and a pin c123.
The vertical plate 9 is vertically fixed on the bottom plate 10 through the corner bracket 11, the support 2 is vertically fixed on the bottom plate 10, and the crank 1 is connected with the gear mechanism 4 through the transmission shaft 3; the transmission shaft 3 is arranged on the support 2; the gear mechanism 4 consists of a gear a401 and a gear b402, the transmission shaft 3 is a central shaft of the gear a401, and the gear a401 is meshed with the gear b 402; the central shaft of the gear b402 is installed at the eccentric position of the eccentric disc 5; the gear a401 and the gear b402 are arranged on the back surface of the vertical plate 9, and the eccentric disc 5 is arranged on the front surface of the vertical plate 9; a pin shaft a121 is arranged on the eccentric disc 5, one end of the swing rod 6 is connected with the eccentric disc 5 through the pin shaft a121, and the other end of the swing rod 6 is connected with a connecting rod b8 through a pin shaft b 122; the connecting rod b8 and the connecting rod a7 are arranged on the vertical plate 9 through a pin shaft c 123; the other end of the link a7 contacts the circumference of the eccentric disc 5. A return spring 13 is arranged between the connecting rod a7 and the center of the vertical plate 9.
A plurality of parallel pin shaft mounting holes are formed in the swing rod 6, the connecting rod a7 and the connecting rod b8, and the pin shaft mounting holes are uniformly and parallelly arranged.
The eccentric disc 5 is provided with a plurality of pin shaft mounting holes which are uniformly distributed.
The crank 1, the support 2, the swing rod 6, the vertical plate 9 and the bottom plate 10 are all made of acrylic plates.
The crank 1 is rotated, the crank 1 is transmitted through the transmission shaft 3 and the gear mechanism 4, the eccentric disc 5 is driven, then the motion rule of the swing rod 6 is observed, and the swing rod 6 can be in high pair contact with the eccentric disc 5 through the return spring 13. Meanwhile, due to the movement of the eccentric disc 5, different types of connecting rod mechanisms can be obtained by changing the positions of the pin a121, the pin b122 and the pin c123, and different types of movement rules of the connecting rod 8 can be observed.
By observing the movement of the gear mechanism 4, the working principle of the gear mechanism can be mastered; by observing and comparing the movements of the cam mechanism and the link mechanism, the concept of high-low generation and low-low generation can be mastered; by observing the movement of the link mechanism, it is possible to observe the condition of occurrence of the snap-back characteristic and grasp the concept of the snap-back characteristic.
If the link 8 is rotated, by observing the movement of the link mechanism, it is possible to observe the condition of occurrence of dead spots and grasp the concept of dead spots.
During the transmission, the structure of the transmission shaft 3, the structure of the bearings, the key connections and the structure of the springs 13 can be observed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
first, the invention conforms to the direction of modern higher education reform, and can realize a teaching mode of importance efficiency, interest guidance and fun and intuition.
The invention is multipurpose, creatively integrates various mechanisms, not only can make the concepts of high-low-grade and low-grade, the concepts of quick return characteristics, the concepts of dead points and the like which are originally abstract and difficult to understand become simple and easy to understand through real object demonstration, but also can realize mechanism conversion and comparison of different motion rules through changing the length of each rod through simple operation, and simultaneously can observe the transmission of mechanical motion, thereby cultivating the learning interest of students, improving the teaching quality of classes and achieving the ideal teaching purpose.
Thirdly, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient carrying, disassembly and assembly, flexible application, convenient use and operation and great market popularization value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front three-dimensional modeling view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional modeling view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3.1 is a schematic diagram of a high-low-generation mechanism in a first position according to the present invention.
Fig. 3.2 is a schematic diagram of the conversion of the high-low-generation mechanism in the second position of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of the various linkages of the present invention, (a) a crank rocker mechanism; (b) a double rocker mechanism.
Fig. 5.1 is a schematic diagram of the snap-back characteristic of the crank and rocker mechanism in the limit position of the present invention.
Fig. 5.2 is a schematic diagram of the snap-back characteristic of the crank rocker mechanism in the second limit position of the crank rocker mechanism.
Fig. 5.3 is a schematic diagram of the snap-back characteristic of the double rocker mechanism in the limit position of the present invention.
Fig. 5.4 is a schematic diagram of the snap-back characteristic of the double rocker mechanism in the second limit position of the present invention.
Fig. 6.1 is a schematic diagram of dead point characteristic of the limit position of the crank rocker mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 6.2 is a schematic diagram of dead point characteristics of the crank rocker mechanism at the second limit position of the invention.
Fig. 6.3 is a schematic diagram showing dead point characteristics of the limit position of the double rocker mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 6.4 is a schematic diagram of dead point characteristics of the two-rocker mechanism in the second limit position of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional modeling view of the crank of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional modeling view of an eccentric disc of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional modeling view of a gear according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a comprehensive demonstration teaching aid for a mechanism. The teaching aid is simple in structure and convenient to assemble, a model can demonstrate the concept of high-low-grade and quick return characteristics and the concept of dead points, and can observe the working principles of the cam mechanism, the connecting rod mechanism and the gear mechanism, and meanwhile, the motion characteristics of different connecting rod mechanisms and the transmissibility of knowing motion can be obtained through simple operation.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a mechanism comprehensive demonstration teaching aid comprises a vertical plate 9, a bottom plate 10, a corner bracket 11, a crank 1, a support 2, a transmission shaft 3, a gear mechanism 4, a cam mechanism and a connecting rod mechanism. The eccentric disc 5 is a driving unit of a cam mechanism and a link mechanism.
The cam mechanism comprises a swing rod 6 and a return spring 13.
The link mechanism comprises a link a7, a link b8, a pin a121, a pin b122 and a pin c123.
The vertical plate 9 is vertically fixed on the bottom plate 10 through the corner bracket 11, the support 2 is vertically fixed on the bottom plate 10, and the crank 1 is connected with the gear mechanism 4 through the transmission shaft 3; the transmission shaft 3 is arranged on the support 2; the gear mechanism 4 consists of a gear a401 and a gear b402, the transmission shaft 3 is a central shaft of the gear a401, and the gear a401 is meshed with the gear b 402; the central shaft of the gear b402 is installed at the eccentric position of the eccentric disc 5; the gear a401 and the gear b402 are arranged on the back surface of the vertical plate 9, and the eccentric disc 5 is arranged on the front surface of the vertical plate 9; a pin shaft a121 is arranged on the eccentric disc 5, one end of the swing rod 6 is connected with the eccentric disc 5 through the pin shaft a121, and the other end of the swing rod 6 is connected with a connecting rod b8 through a pin shaft b 122; the connecting rod b8 and the connecting rod a7 are arranged on the vertical plate 9 through a pin shaft c 123; the other end of the link a7 contacts the circumference of the eccentric disc 5. A return spring 13 is arranged between the connecting rod a7 and the center of the vertical plate 9.
A plurality of parallel pin shaft mounting holes are formed in the swing rod 6, the connecting rod a7 and the connecting rod b8, and the pin shaft mounting holes are uniformly and parallelly arranged.
The eccentric disc 5 is provided with a plurality of pin shaft mounting holes which are uniformly distributed.
The crank 1, the support 2, the swing rod 6, the vertical plate 9 and the bottom plate 10 are all made of acrylic plates.
The crank 1 is rotated, the crank 1 is transmitted through the transmission shaft 3 and the gear mechanism 4, the eccentric disc 5 is driven, then the motion rule of the swing rod 6 is observed, and the swing rod 6 can be in high pair contact with the eccentric disc 5 through the return spring 13. Meanwhile, due to the movement of the eccentric disc 5, different types of connecting rod mechanisms can be obtained by changing the positions of the pin a121, the pin b122 and the pin c123, and different types of movement rules of the connecting rod b8 can be observed.
By observing the movement of the gear mechanism 4, the working principle of the gear mechanism can be mastered; by observing and comparing the movements of the cam mechanism and the link mechanism, the concept of high-low generation and low-low generation can be mastered; by observing the movement of the link mechanism, it is possible to observe the condition of occurrence of the snap-back characteristic and grasp the concept of the snap-back characteristic.
If the link b8 is rotated, by observing the movement of the link mechanism, it is possible to observe the condition of the dead point generation and grasp the concept of the dead point.
During the transmission, the structure of the transmission shaft 3, the structure of the bearings, the key connections and the structure of the springs 13 can be observed.
As shown in fig. 3.1 and 3.2, the concept of high-low generation and the conversion of the mechanism are demonstrated. The cam swing rod mechanism is changed into a four-rod mechanism after high and low generation, and the degree of freedom of the front and back mechanisms and the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous acceleration of the mechanism are completely the same.
As shown in fig. 4, two kinds of link mechanisms obtained by changing the rod length and fixing with pin shaft connection are demonstrated.
As shown in fig. 5.1 to 5.4, the conditions for generation of the snapback characteristics and the concept of the snapback characteristics are demonstrated. FIGS. 5.1-5.2 illustrate the crank and rocker mechanism in the extreme positions of the two rockers, explaining the concept of snap-back characteristics; figures 5.3-5.4 demonstrate the lack of snap back characteristics of the double rocker mechanism throughout the motion.
As shown in fig. 6.1 to 6.4, the condition for dead point characteristic generation and the concept of dead point are demonstrated. The connecting rod b8 is used as a driving part, and the limit positions of the crank rocker mechanism at two rockers are demonstrated in fig. 6.1-6.2, and the crank generates a dead point position; the double rocker mechanism is demonstrated in fig. 6.3-6.4 to have no dead point position throughout its movement.
As shown in fig. 8, the eccentric disc 5 is provided with a pin shaft mounting hole a501 and a plurality of pin shaft mounting holes b502 which are uniformly distributed, the pin shaft mounting hole a501 is an eccentric circular mounting hole, and each pin shaft mounting hole b502 is distributed in a T shape.
The crank is a hand-held part during demonstration, is a hexagonal prism body, has an equivalent diameter of 8mm, a length of 18mm and a movable diameter of 30mm. The size of the support is 20mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 70mm, the transmission shaft is a stepped shaft and is provided with a deep groove ball bearing with a sealing ring, the inner diameter of the deep groove ball bearing is 4mm, the outer diameter of the deep groove ball bearing is 8mm, one end of the shaft is connected with the crank, the bearing base hole is matched with the shaft, the bearing base hole is arranged on the support, and the other end of the shaft is matched with the bearing base hole, and the bearing base hole is arranged in a through hole of the vertical plate.
The gear mechanism is a transmission mechanism, and adopts two straight-tooth cylindrical gears with the reference circle diameter of 60mm, the modulus of 1mm and the tooth number of z=60, which are arranged up and down. The cam mechanism comprises an eccentric disc, a swing rod and a reset spring, wherein the diameter of the eccentric disc is 70mm, the rotation center is deviated from the geometric center by 20mm, the eccentric disc is fixed with the upper gear by using a bolt, and 3 through holes are engraved on the surface of the eccentric disc at the positions deviated from the geometric center by 20mm,40mm and 60mm respectively. The length of the swing rod is 70mm, 5 equidistant through holes are engraved at one end of the swing rod, and 1 through hole is engraved at the other end of the swing rod. The reset spring is a tension spring with smaller stiffness coefficient, the diameter of a spring wire is 0.8mm, the large diameter of the spring is 6mm, the length of the spring is 50mm, one end of the spring is fixed on the swing rod, and the other end of the spring is fixed on the vertical plate.
The connecting rod mechanism is characterized in that a short rod and a long rod are added on the basis of an eccentric disc. The length of the short rod is 70mm, one end of the short rod is carved with 3 equidistant through holes, and the other end of the short rod is carved with 1 through hole. The length of the long rod is 180mm, one end of the long rod is carved with 5 equidistant through holes, and the other end of the long rod is carved with 1 through hole. One end of a plurality of holes of the short rod and one end of a plurality of holes of the long rod are fixed together through a pin shaft, the other end of the short rod is fixed at the rotation center of the eccentric disc, the other end of the long rod and one end of the swinging rod are fixed on the vertical plate through the pin shaft, and the distance between the fixed point and the rotation center of the eccentric disc is 150mm.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a mechanism synthesizes demonstration teaching aid which characterized in that: the demonstration teaching aid comprises a vertical plate (9), a bottom plate (10), an angle code (11), a crank (1), a support (2), a transmission shaft (3), a gear mechanism (4), a cam mechanism and a connecting rod mechanism; the eccentric disc (5) is a driving unit of a cam mechanism and a connecting rod mechanism;
the cam mechanism comprises a swing rod (6) and a return spring (13);
the connecting rod mechanism comprises a connecting rod a (7), a connecting rod b (8), a pin a (121), a pin b (122) and a pin c (123); the vertical plate (9) is vertically fixed on the bottom plate (10) through the corner brace (11), the support (2) is vertically fixed on the bottom plate (10), and the crank (1) is connected with the gear mechanism (4) through the transmission shaft (3); the transmission shaft (3) is arranged on the support (2); the gear mechanism (4) consists of a gear a (401) and a gear b (402), the transmission shaft (3) is a central shaft of the gear a (401), and the gear a (401) is meshed with the gear b (402); the central shaft of the gear b (402) is arranged at the eccentric position of the eccentric disc (5); the gear a (401) and the gear b (402) are arranged on the back surface of the vertical plate (9), and the eccentric disc (5) is arranged on the front surface of the vertical plate (9); a pin shaft a (121) is arranged on the eccentric disc (5), one end of the swing rod (6) is connected with the eccentric disc (5) through the pin shaft a (121), and the other end of the swing rod (6) is connected with a connecting rod b (8) through a pin shaft b (122); the connecting rod b (8) and the connecting rod a (7) are arranged on the vertical plate (9) through a pin shaft c (123); the other end of the connecting rod a (7) is in contact with the circumference of the eccentric disc (5); a return spring (13) is arranged between the connecting rod a (7) and the center of the vertical plate (9); a plurality of parallel pin shaft mounting holes are formed in the swing rod (6), the connecting rod a (7) and the connecting rod b (8), and the pin shaft mounting holes are uniformly arranged in parallel;
a plurality of pin shaft mounting holes which are uniformly distributed are arranged on the eccentric disc (5);
the crank (1), the support (2), the swing rod (6), the vertical plate (9) and the bottom plate (10) are all made of acrylic plates.
CN201810080586.5A 2018-01-28 2018-01-28 Comprehensive demonstration teaching aid for mechanism Active CN108062905B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108847084B (en) * 2018-08-30 2020-10-30 绍兴不忘初心机械设计有限公司 Real teaching aid of instructing of electromechanical engineering
CN110264851A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-09-20 南京航空航天大学 A kind of experimental facilities for mechanics innovation experimental teaching

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD285158A5 (en) * 1989-06-15 1990-12-05 Ingenieurhochschule Berlin-Wartenberg,Dd ADJUSTMENT DEVICE FOR A CRANKSHAFT
CN202905003U (en) * 2012-11-20 2013-04-24 燕金华 Link mechanism demonstration teaching aid
CN104157206A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-11-19 北京印刷学院 Multifunctional planar mechanism demonstration instrument and implementation method thereof
CN203982675U (en) * 2014-07-04 2014-12-03 长春理工大学 Divided piston rod mechanism experimental box
CN204189374U (en) * 2014-10-10 2015-03-04 浙江机电职业技术学院 Polymorphic quick change planar linkage mechanism experimental apparatus
CN104464494A (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-03-25 北京理工大学 Teaching analyzing instrument of planar linkage mechanism
CN104933939A (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-23 南京农业大学 Linkage mechanism comprehensive experimental device
CN204808737U (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-11-25 宜春学院 Link mechanism appearance of imparting knowledge to students
CN208422244U (en) * 2018-01-28 2019-01-22 北京工业大学 A kind of synthesis of mechanism demonstration teaching aid

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD285158A5 (en) * 1989-06-15 1990-12-05 Ingenieurhochschule Berlin-Wartenberg,Dd ADJUSTMENT DEVICE FOR A CRANKSHAFT
CN202905003U (en) * 2012-11-20 2013-04-24 燕金华 Link mechanism demonstration teaching aid
CN104933939A (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-23 南京农业大学 Linkage mechanism comprehensive experimental device
CN203982675U (en) * 2014-07-04 2014-12-03 长春理工大学 Divided piston rod mechanism experimental box
CN104157206A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-11-19 北京印刷学院 Multifunctional planar mechanism demonstration instrument and implementation method thereof
CN204189374U (en) * 2014-10-10 2015-03-04 浙江机电职业技术学院 Polymorphic quick change planar linkage mechanism experimental apparatus
CN104464494A (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-03-25 北京理工大学 Teaching analyzing instrument of planar linkage mechanism
CN204808737U (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-11-25 宜春学院 Link mechanism appearance of imparting knowledge to students
CN208422244U (en) * 2018-01-28 2019-01-22 北京工业大学 A kind of synthesis of mechanism demonstration teaching aid

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