CN108062259B - MCU internal data storage ECC processing system and processing method thereof - Google Patents
MCU internal data storage ECC processing system and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108062259B CN108062259B CN201711056061.XA CN201711056061A CN108062259B CN 108062259 B CN108062259 B CN 108062259B CN 201711056061 A CN201711056061 A CN 201711056061A CN 108062259 B CN108062259 B CN 108062259B
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- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1008—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices
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- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1008—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses an MCU internal data storage ECC processing system, which comprises: the power supply voltage identification module is used for stopping writing data into the memory and setting an undervoltage fault flag bit if the voltage of a power supply system is smaller than a preset voltage threshold value at the moment when the MCU starts to write data into the memory after receiving the flameout power-off request; the interruption and soft reset module is used for not repairing the data of the unrepairable area and carrying out system soft reset after the data in the unrepairable area is cleared to be a default value; and the data recovery processing module is used for performing consistency check on the data in the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage spaces of the vehicle-mounted controller ECU in an initialization stage, reading the on-chip dynamic storage space data after the consistency check, and copying original factory backup data to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage spaces to recover the data if the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage spaces do not contain the consistency check. The invention can reduce the error rate of MCU memory data storage when the vehicle power supply is switched off, improve the safety data reliability and ensure that the running function of the vehicle-mounted controller is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobiles, in particular to an ECC (error correction code) processing system for internal data storage of an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit) of a vehicle-mounted controller. The invention also relates to an ECC processing method for the internal data storage of the MCU of the vehicle-mounted controller.
Background
The conventional vehicle-mounted controller is designed based on an MCU chip, and stores data in a memory (e.g., a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM or a DFlash), and generally performs reading and writing storage operations when the vehicle is powered on and powered off. In the conventional vehicle-mounted controller operation process, as shown in fig. 1, after a controller system is powered on, operation in an initialization stage is started, and at this time, if an ECC error exists, non-maskable ECC processing interruption is immediately entered during data reading, and the system cannot operate subsequently (until the ECC fault is eliminated); if the system does not have such memory access abnormality, the system enters a software flameout power-off stage and stores data after obtaining a flameout power-off request signal (a lock cylinder flameout switch signal) in a round-robin stage, and at the moment, if abnormal power failure of a battery power supply system exists, the risk moment of writing operation into a memory unit exists, namely, the damage abnormal situation easily occurs when a large amount of data to be stored (including faults detected by a controller, historical fault information, actuator learning values and the like) is written before entering ECU sleep (ECU sleep).
As shown in fig. 2, ecc (error Checking and correction) is a common data validity Checking mechanism for memory during reading, and can detect and correct failure data. ECC was developed from parity, a function that is the most common method of reducing and discovering memory failures. On-board controllers usually have ECC characteristics due to their special security requirements, and the ECC is divided into 1 ECC, 5 ECC and the like according to the number of bits that can be corrected. The most common ECC check is ECC 1(SECDED, Signal Error Correct and Double Errors Detect), usually a Hamming code, and other algorithms provided by semiconductor chip vendors.
An OOB (out-of-band) area for storing the ECC value, and when the controller writes data into the memory, the ECC value of the data is calculated and stored into the OOB area; when the controller reads data from the memory, the ECC value of the OOB area is read at the same time, the ECC value is generated at the same time when the data is read, and the two ECC values are subjected to bitwise XOR. Memory errors are detected and corrected based on the XOR result. A simple example of a specific algorithm (SECDED ECC) is as follows:
a. single-byte ECC requires only parity checking, single-byte checking, as shown in figure 3,
wherein CP0 ═ Bit0^ Bit2^ Bit4^ Bit 6; CP1 ═ Bit1^ Bit3^ Bit5^ Bit 7;
CP2＝Bit0^Bit1^Bit4^Bit5；CP3＝Bit2^Bit3^Bit6^Bit7；
CP4＝Bit0^Bit1^Bit2^Bit3；CP5＝Bit4^Bit5^Bit6^Bit7；
when data is written into the memory, an ECC value is generated and is counted as ECC1, after the data is read from the memory, the ECC value is calculated and is counted as ECC2, ECC1 and ECC2 are subjected to bitwise XOR, and the result is ECC 3:
ECC3＝ECC1^ECC2；
if the ECC3 contains a 1, it indicates that the ECC result of OOB storage is error, if three bits in the ECC3 are 1, it indicates that a bit digit of the original data is misaligned and can be repaired during storage, and if the ECC3 does not repair the rest result. Fig. 4 is a corresponding fault decision tree when Bit6 has an error, which shows that when Bit6 has an error, CP0 in ECC3 is 1; CP3 ═ 1; CP5 is 1.
b. The memory ECC of two or more bytes is tested in the same way as the single byte principle, except that row tests are added to locate the specific byte where the error occurred.
3. post-ECC-checked processing
a. If a single Bit error occurs, the system will correct the error, i.e., either Bit0 to 1 or Bit1 to 0.
b. If a plurality of bit errors occur, the system can not be corrected through an algorithm, and the system reports corresponding fault information and prompts modification.
When the condition b occurs, because the system cannot repair the memory error fault, the processing strategy of the ECC check rule does not specify a subsequent processing mode, and usually, the MCU system tries to reset and then repair the memory error fault, but the fault cannot be repaired by simple reset, which may possibly cause the system to fail to operate normally. The basic function of the controller will be affected.
The basic function concept mentioned in the invention belongs to the basic concept of the vehicle-mounted controller industry, and refers to a functional state which contains the control driving capability of a basic software part, the product control characteristic of application layer software and the like and keeps normal operation.
The concept of 'soft reset' mentioned in the invention belongs to the basic concept of the vehicle-mounted controller industry, and means that the reset time is determined by the user code, and the program jumps back to the starting point, or the effect equivalent to hardware reset is generated by matching with an on-chip reset module.
And finally, carrying out system integration and debugging by the whole vehicle customer through online assembly and online detection of the vehicle-mounted controller. After an electric signal request occurs when the system is switched off, a large amount of data needs to be stored in the vehicle-mounted controller, if abnormal power failure occurs, data storage is possibly abnormal, if multi-bit errors occur, the memory errors cannot be repaired in an ECC (error correction code) correction algorithm mode, and after the system is powered on again, faults occur when the memory is read, and the final operation effect of the controller is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an MCU internal data storage ECC processing system which can reduce the error rate of MCU internal data storage when the vehicle power supply is abnormally powered off, improve the reliability of safety data and ensure that the running function of a vehicle-mounted controller is not influenced. The invention also provides an ECC processing method for MCU internal data storage.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides an ECC processing system for storing MCU internal data, comprising: the power supply voltage identification module, the interruption and reset module and the data recovery processing module are connected with the MCU;
the power supply voltage identification module is used for stopping writing data into the memory and setting an undervoltage fault flag bit if the voltage of a power supply system is smaller than a preset voltage threshold value and undervoltage interruption carried by the MCU is triggered when the MCU starts to write data into the memory after receiving a flameout power-off request;
the interruption and soft reset module is used for reading the memory data, not repairing the data in the unrepairable area once the unrepairable fault is found in the ECC check, calling an erasing operation instruction of the memory, clearing the data in the unrepairable area to a default value, and performing system soft reset after clearing the data;
and the data recovery processing module is used for carrying out consistency check on data in the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage spaces of the vehicle-mounted controller ECU in the initialization stage, reading the on-chip dynamic storage space data by the CPU after the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage spaces are checked to be consistent in the initialization stage, and otherwise copying factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space recovery data.
And the self-contained under-voltage interruption identification rate of the MCU is within 1 microsecond.
Wherein the voltage threshold range is 5.0-10.5V.
The method is further improved, after the system is in soft reset, the reset source information of the MCU is judged in the initialization stage after the soft reset, and if the reset source information is identified as the reset source after the ECC fault occurs and the reset source information occurs twice, factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space are copied to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space to restore the data.
The invention provides an ECC processing method for MCU internal data storage, which comprises the following steps:
enabling the under-voltage interruption of the MCU when the MCU starts to write data into the memory after receiving the flameout power-off request, and stopping writing data into the memory and setting an under-voltage fault flag bit if the voltage of a power supply system is smaller than a preset voltage threshold value at the moment;
when the memory data is read, once an unrepairable fault is found in ECC (error correction code) verification, the data in the unrepairable area is not repaired, an erasing operation instruction of the memory is called, the data in the unrepairable area is cleared to be a default value, and system soft reset is carried out after the data is cleared;
and in the initialization stage, consistency check is carried out on data in the dynamic data storage space inside and outside the vehicle-mounted controller ECU chip, and after the data in the initialization stage are checked to be consistent with each other, the CPU reads the data in the dynamic data storage space inside the chip, otherwise, factory original backup data stored in the static data storage space outside the chip are copied to the dynamic data storage space inside the chip and outside the chip to restore the data.
The under-voltage interruption identification rate of the MCU is within 1 microsecond (less than 1 microsecond).
Wherein the voltage threshold range is 5.0-10.5V.
The method is further improved, after the system is in soft reset, the reset source information of the MCU is judged in the initialization stage after the soft reset, and if the reset source information is identified as the reset source after the ECC fault occurs and the reset source information occurs twice, factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space are copied to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space to restore the data.
The invention creatively provides a system voltage detection mechanism added during data storage after the vehicle-mounted controller is powered off, and introduces a brand-new data correction rule of an ECC (error correction code) checking mechanism, namely if ECC is found to be failed, an error area is erased, the system is guided to reset, and the vehicle running state is limited to an initialized safety stage in time. The invention can greatly reduce the memory error which can not be repaired by ECC verification and effectively avoid the condition that the basic function of the controller is influenced due to the failure of ECC verification. For example, the invention is applied to an Electric Power Steering (EPS) automobile chassis safety product, before the invention is used, two cases of fault parts with affected controller basic functions caused by failure of ECC check are seen, the invention proposes that after practical mass production use for nearly two years, the situation that the controller basic functions are affected caused by memory failure is not seen, and meanwhile, after 1000 times of simulated random time power failure endurance tests under a rack environment, an EPS system still keeps a good operation state.
The invention not only reduces the failure occurrence rate from the angle that the controller has the memory error which can not be repaired by ECC verification, but also effectively ensures the data safety availability from the angle that the controller data is damaged by power failure at the limit, and fully meets the reliable operation and safety requirements of the electric control system based on the vehicle-mounted controller. Based on the basic principle of ECC (error correction code) verification and the operating characteristics of the vehicle-mounted controller, the failure rate of memory storage can be greatly reduced, the normal operation of the basic functions of the controller is ensured after the memory failure which cannot be repaired by the ECC verification occurs, the basic function requirements of a driver on an electrical product are met, and the design scheme is easy to implement and high in reliability.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ECC processing flow of a conventional on-board controller.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ECC checking mechanism.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a single-byte ECC check algorithm I.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a single-byte ECC check algorithm.
FIG. 5 is a first flowchart illustrating an ECC processing according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a second flowchart illustrating an ECC processing according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a third flowchart illustrating ECC processing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an MCU internal data storage ECC processing system, which comprises: the power supply voltage identification module, the interruption and reset module and the data recovery processing module are connected with the MCU;
as shown in fig. 5, the power supply voltage identification module executes the under-voltage interrupt process. When the normal vehicle-mounted controller starts to write data into the memory after running to a flameout power-off request, the power supply voltage identification module is added, under-voltage interruption of the MCU is enabled, the identification rate is completed by an interruption service program within microsecond level, and if the voltage of a power supply system is smaller than 6.75V (typical value, specific value is determined by a vehicle design host factory or a customer power supply system supplier), the data writing into the memory is stopped, and an under-voltage fault flag bit is set. Although part of information of the controller cannot be saved, the possibility of generating errors in writing to the memory by the controller can be greatly reduced, and data can be discarded only in an abnormal state due to the fact that the system voltage is too low.
As shown in FIG. 6, the interrupt and soft reset module, ECC exception handles interrupts and soft resets. In the invention, when the memory data is read in the initialization stage, once an uncorrectable fault (such as more than one bit error) is found in the ECC check, the interrupt service program is set to implement the correction rule of the data in the current access pre-read memory cell: the data in the unrepairable area is not attempted to be repaired, but an erasing operation instruction of the memory is called, the data in the unrepairable area is erased to be a default value of 0xFF, and system soft reset (SoftReset) is performed after the data is erased. And the system operates again, and at the moment, the memory data ensure the reliable operation of the system because the cleared data are the default values which are acceptable by the system and do not influence the basic functions of the whole vehicle operation.
As shown in fig. 7, the data recovery processing module performs recovery processing of the internal and external data areas. On the ECU hardware architecture, the storage management function comprises an on-chip storage space and an off-chip storage space, and the off-chip EEPROM is indirectly read and written by the CPU through the SPI communication line. When the power is on normally and off, the stored data in the inner and outer data areas are read and written by the CPU at the same time to realize the data consistency, namely the data in the dynamic data area A and the dynamic data area B are completely the same, and the data in the dynamic data area A is read and accessed by the CPU after the initialization phase is verified and consistent with each other; otherwise, the original factory backup data of the product in the static data area are respectively moved, copied and restored to the dynamic data area A and the dynamic data area B, wherein the data restoration of the dynamic data area A needs to be indirectly finished by the CPU through the SPI communication line.
And the self-contained under-voltage interruption identification rate of the MCU is within 1 microsecond.
Wherein the voltage threshold range is 5.0-10.5V, and the preferred voltage threshold is 6.75V.
The method is further improved, after the system is in soft reset, the reset source information of the MCU is judged in the initialization stage after the soft reset, and if the reset source information is identified as the reset source after the ECC fault occurs and the reset source information occurs twice, factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space are copied to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space to restore the data.
The invention provides an ECC processing method for MCU internal data storage, which comprises the following steps:
when the MCU starts to write data into the memory after receiving a flameout power-off request, if the voltage of a power supply system is smaller than a preset voltage threshold value at the moment, the MCU triggers the undervoltage interruption of the MCU, stops writing data into the memory and sets an undervoltage fault flag bit;
when the memory data is read, once an unrepairable fault is found in ECC (error correction code) verification, the data in the unrepairable area is not repaired, an erasing operation instruction of the memory is called, the data in the unrepairable area is cleared to be a default value, and system soft reset is carried out after the data is cleared;
and in the initialization stage, consistency check is carried out on data in the dynamic data storage space inside and outside the vehicle-mounted controller ECU chip, and after the data in the initialization stage are checked to be consistent with each other, the CPU reads the data in the dynamic data storage space inside the chip, otherwise, factory original backup data stored in the static data storage space outside the chip are copied to the dynamic data storage space inside the chip and outside the chip to restore the data.
And the self-contained under-voltage interruption identification rate of the MCU is within 1 microsecond.
Wherein the voltage threshold range is 5.0-10.5V, and the preferred voltage threshold is 6.75V.
The method is further improved, after the system is in soft reset, the reset source information of the MCU is judged in the initialization stage after the soft reset, and if the reset source information is identified as the reset source after the ECC fault occurs and the reset source information occurs twice, factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space are copied to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space to restore the data.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments and examples, but these should not be construed as limitations of the present invention. Many variations and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, which should also be considered as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An MCU internal data storage ECC processing system, comprising: the power supply voltage identification module, the interruption and reset module and the data recovery processing module are connected with the MCU;
the power supply voltage identification module is used for stopping writing data into the memory and setting an undervoltage fault flag bit if the voltage of a power supply system is smaller than a preset voltage threshold value and undervoltage interruption carried by the MCU is triggered when the MCU starts to write data into the memory after receiving a flameout power-off request;
the interruption and soft reset module is used for reading the memory data, not repairing the data in the unrepairable area once the unrepairable fault is found in the ECC check, calling an erasing operation instruction of the memory, clearing the data in the unrepairable area to a default value, and performing system soft reset after clearing the data;
and the data recovery processing module is used for carrying out consistency check on data in the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage spaces of the vehicle-mounted controller ECU in the initialization stage, reading the on-chip dynamic storage space data by the CPU after the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage spaces are checked to be consistent in the initialization stage, and otherwise copying factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space recovery data.
2. The MCU internal data storage ECC processing system of claim 1, wherein: the under-voltage interruption identification rate of the MCU is within 1 microsecond.
3. The MCU internal data storage ECC processing system of claim 1, wherein: the voltage threshold range is 5.0-10.5V.
4. An MCU internal data storage ECC processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: after the system is in soft reset, the reset source information of the MCU is judged in the initialization stage after the soft reset, and if the reset source information is identified as the reset source after the ECC fault occurs and the reset source information occurs twice, factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space are copied to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space to restore the data.
5. An MCU internal data storage ECC processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the MCU starts to write data into the memory after receiving the flameout power-off request, if the voltage of the power supply system is smaller than a preset voltage threshold value at the moment, triggering the under-voltage interruption of the MCU, stopping writing data into the memory and setting an under-voltage fault flag bit;
when the memory data is read, once an unrepairable fault is found in ECC (error correction code) verification, the data in the unrepairable area is not repaired, an erasing operation instruction of the memory is called, the data in the unrepairable area is cleared to be a default value, and system soft reset is carried out after the data is cleared;
and in the initialization stage, consistency check is carried out on data in the dynamic data storage space inside and outside the vehicle-mounted controller ECU chip, and after the initialization stage structures are checked to be consistent with each other, the CPU reads the data in the dynamic data storage space inside the chip, otherwise, factory original backup data stored in the static data storage space outside the chip are copied to the dynamic data storage space inside and outside the chip to restore the data.
6. The MCU internal data storage ECC processing method of claim 5, wherein: the under-voltage interruption identification rate of the MCU is within 1 microsecond.
7. The MCU internal data storage ECC processing method of claim 5, wherein: the voltage threshold range is 5.0-10.5V.
8. An MCU internal data storage ECC processing method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized by: after the system is in soft reset, the reset source information of the MCU is judged in the initialization stage after the soft reset, and if the reset source information is identified as the reset source after the ECC fault occurs and the reset source information occurs twice, factory original backup data stored in the off-chip static data storage space are copied to the on-chip and off-chip dynamic data storage space to restore the data.
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| CN111273853A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-12 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | Vehicle EEPROM data storage method, device, equipment and medium |
| TWI732192B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-07-01 | 點序科技股份有限公司 | Memory management method and memory storage device |
| CN112948166B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-12-21 | 长江存储科技有限责任公司 | Data processing method and related product |
| CN110932224B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-05-06 | 博洽多闻技术有限公司 | Integrated microcomputer comprehensive protection measurement and control device with high interference resistance |
| CN111198705A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-05-26 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Memory backup method and device for preventing ECU from being swiped up, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN113064773B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2023-03-24 | 山东英信计算机技术有限公司 | Memory PPR (Peer-to-Peer) testing and repairing method, system and storage medium |
| CN112925670B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-07-21 | 江西昌河汽车有限责任公司 | FLASH exception self-repairing processing system based on ECC mechanism |
| CN113341924A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-03 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | ECU power-off method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115657537B (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-05-03 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Calibration data management method, device and medium for vehicle and electronic control unit |
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