CN108059312B - In-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments in deep water reservoir - Google Patents
In-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments in deep water reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN108059312B CN108059312B CN201711327834.3A CN201711327834A CN108059312B CN 108059312 B CN108059312 B CN 108059312B CN 201711327834 A CN201711327834 A CN 201711327834A CN 108059312 B CN108059312 B CN 108059312B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments in a deepwater reservoir, which comprises fixed hooks, connecting ropes, shackles, a plurality of lead wire mesh reaction monomers and external reinforcing steel bars, wherein the lead wire mesh reaction monomers are connected at the bottom of water by the shackles, and the external reinforcing steel bars are connected to the fixed hooks on the side surface of the bottom of the reservoir by the connecting ropes. The advantages are that: pollutants in the deep water reservoir sediments can be effectively removed; realizing in-situ repair of reservoir sediments; and realizing the in-situ remediation of the sludge at the bottom of the reservoir. The device can be recycled after running for a certain time, and the gel balls, the resin and the biological filler balls can be recycled; in addition, the device does not consume energy in the operation process, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and convenient maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments of a deep water reservoir, belonging to the field of river and lake polluted sediment treatment.
Background
Large amounts of pollutants in rivers and lakes deposit in sediments. With the change of the water environment, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants in the sludge are released to the water body to cause secondary pollution, thereby bringing serious threat to the water ecological environment. Currently, in the field of sludge treatment, two technologies, in-situ treatment and ex-situ treatment, are generally adopted for sludge treatment. The in-situ treatment technology is to carry out in-situ covering on the sludge at the bottom of the lake or the reservoir, and adsorb pollutants in the sludge by using a physical, chemical or biological method to purify the sludge and clarify the water quality; the heterotopic treatment technology carries out innocent treatment aiming at the sludge excavated or sucked ashore, and realizes resource utilization. The ex-situ treatment method has the advantages of large construction amount, high investment, large disturbance on sediments, easy initiation of secondary pollution, low in-situ treatment cost and obvious effect, so that the in-situ treatment method for treating the sediments of large rivers and lakes and reservoirs has great advantages.
At present, technologies and methods related to in-situ treatment of river and lake sediments are researched more, but the technologies and the methods also have more defects. For example, publication No. CN106673384A discloses an in-situ covering and repairing method for heavy metal contaminated sediments in water body. The method is to arrange three covering layers of different materials on the riverway sediment, select combination according to the depth of a water body and the water flow speed, and eliminate or reduce sediment pollution by combining physical, chemical and biological repair means. However, the method has lower adsorption efficiency on the sediment pollutants, the preparation of the cerium modified zeolite is more complex, the whole implementation is more complicated, and the subsequent material recycling problem is not considered. CN106554141A discloses a method for in-situ remediation of contaminated deposits. The method comprises the steps of firstly adding a metal chelating agent into the sediment, and then sequentially adding a flocculating agent, an organic matter degradation material, a composite non-metallic mineral and calcite. The method is characterized in that the sediment is directly fed and stirred on the water surface, but the sediment is secondarily polluted by feeding the metal chelating agent, and the method mainly aims at silt lands and beach surfaces and does not relate to the repair of deepwater sediment. CN102557221A discloses a preparation method and application of a eutrophic water sediment phosphorus in-situ passivating agent. The passivator is prepared by uniformly mixing sodium bentonite and a modified alum according to a certain mass ratio, directly and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surface of a water body, and quickly adsorbing inorganic phosphorus and suspended matters in the water body by the passivator through adsorption in the sedimentation process, and finally settling on the surface of a sediment to form a masking layer, so that the aim of controlling the release of the sediment phosphorus in situ can be fulfilled, the phosphorus content of the overlying water body is reduced, and the eutrophication of the water body is inhibited. However, the method only obstructs the release of the pollutants in the sediments to the water body, does not completely remove the pollutants, and the pollutants in the sediments can be released into the water body along with the change of the environment of the water body.
Due to the construction of a large number of hydraulic engineering in China at the present stage, a plurality of deep water reservoirs such as three gorges reservoir, small wave bottom reservoir and the like are formed. The reservoirs have large watershed areas, and the deep-water reservoir sediments have more organic macromolecular substances, heavy metal pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants due to serious water and soil loss. When the pollutants in the reservoir sediments are released to generate secondary pollution, the water quality of the reservoir area is greatly influenced, and the water environment safety of the reservoir area and the water safety of residents around the reservoir area are threatened. But the technology aiming at the in-situ repair of the deep water reservoir sediments is very rare at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments of a deep water reservoir, which aims to solve the problem of the lack of the existing in-situ treatment technology for the polluted sediments of the deep water reservoir and has the characteristics of simple principle, high adsorption efficiency, environmental friendliness, convenience in construction, low energy consumption and the like. The device covers the sediment of the deep water reservoir, and when pollutants in the sediment are released upwards, macromolecular organic pollutants in the sediment are physically adsorbed by the gel balls; filtering heavy metals in the sediment by using a zero-valent iron loaded macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin; and the biological filler balls have the biological degradation effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, so that the purification effect on polluted sediments is achieved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for the polluted sediments in the deep water reservoir structurally comprises fixed hooks 1, connecting ropes 2, shackles 3, lead wire mesh reaction monomers 4 and external reinforcing steel bars, wherein the lead wire mesh reaction monomers 4 are connected at the bottom of the water through the shackles 3, and the external reinforcing steel bars 12 are connected to the fixed hooks 1 on the side face of the bottom of the reservoir through the connecting ropes 2.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) through physical adsorption of gel balls, chemical reaction of resin-loaded zero-valent iron and heavy metals, filtering action of resin and degradation action of microorganisms, pollutants in sediments can be effectively removed, and the treatment efficiency of polluted sediments is improved;
(2) the gel balls have rich gaps, and the adsorption effect on macromolecular organic matters is improved;
(3) the resin has higher porosity and a certain adsorption effect on pollutants, and simultaneously, the zero-valent iron and the heavy metal react in the anaerobic environment at the bottom of the deep water reservoir, so that the heavy metal is precipitated and accumulated in the resin pore channel, and the removal rate of the heavy metal is improved;
(4) the biological filler ball has a large specific surface area, and a large amount of attached microorganisms can quickly and efficiently degrade nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in sediments;
(5) the anaerobic environment at the bottom of the deepwater reservoir provides good conditions for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms on the biological filler balls, and the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is improved;
(6) the device has the advantages of low energy consumption in operation, convenient use, stable function and simple management. After the device is used for a period of time, the device is recycled, and the strongly acidic macroporous resin and the biological filler balls can be reused after corresponding treatment, so that secondary pollution is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediment of a deep water reservoir.
FIG. 2 is a reaction monomer cross-sectional view of the deep water reservoir polluted sediment in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a reaction monomer of the deep water reservoir polluted sediment in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device.
Fig. 4 is a bio-filler sphere.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lead wire mesh framework of a reaction monomer of the deep water reservoir polluted sediment in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device.
In the figure, 1 is a fixed hook, 2 is a connecting rope, 3 is a hook ring, 4 is a lead wire mesh reaction monomer, 5 is a gel ball adsorption layer, 6 is a resin filter layer, 7 is a biodegradation layer, 8 is a gel ball, 9 is zero-valent iron-loaded macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin, 10 is a biological filler ball, 11 is non-woven fabric, 12 is reinforcing steel bar, and 13 is a lead wire mesh.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments in a deepwater reservoir structurally comprises a fixed hook 1, a connecting rope 2, shackles 3, a plurality of lead wire mesh reaction monomers 4 and external steel bars, wherein the lead wire mesh reaction monomers 4 are connected at the bottom of the water through the shackles 3, and the external steel bars 12 are connected to the fixed hook 1 on the side surface of the bottom of the reservoir through the connecting rope 2.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the gel ball adsorption layer 5, the resin filter layer 6 and the biodegradation layer 7 are sequentially arranged in the lead wire mesh reaction monomer 4 from bottom to top, and the gel ball adsorption layer 5 and the resin filter layer 6 are respectively wrapped by the non-woven fabric 11, so that the device is convenient to disassemble after being used and is convenient to classify, recycle and treat.
The gel ball adsorption layer 5 is formed by wrapping all gel balls 8 by non-woven fabrics 11, is positioned at the lowest layer of the monomer 4 and occupies one third of the volume of the monomer. The radius of a single gel ball 8 is about 8mm, and the gel ball has a rich void structure and can adsorb a large amount of organic macromolecular pollutants.
The resin filter layer 6 is also formed by wrapping all the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin 9 adsorbed by zero-valent iron by non-woven fabric 11 and is positioned in the middle layer of the monomer 4. The grain size of the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin 9 adsorbed by single zero-valent iron is 0.63mm-1.25 mm; the zero-valent iron on the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin 9 and the heavy metal are subjected to chemical reaction and form precipitates to be gathered in the pore channels of the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin 9.
The thickness of the resin filter layer 6 can be determined according to the heavy metal pollution degree of the reservoir sediment required to be repaired, and when the heavy metal content in the reservoir sediment is higher, the thickness of the resin filter layer 6 can be properly increased.
The biological degradation layer 7 is formed by placing biological filler balls 10 which are already coated on the uppermost layer in the single body 4, the radius of each biological filler ball 10 is 10cm, the number of the biological filler balls 10 can be determined according to the eutrophication degree of the reservoir sediment to be repaired, and multiple layers can be placed.
The particle size of the gel ball 8 is about 8mm, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate at 95-100 deg.CoHeating in water bath to dissolve, and dissolving completely according to a certain weight ratioAdding activated carbon powder and mixing uniformly; after cooling to room temperature, 1% CaCl was added dropwise2Saturated boric acid mixed solution, continuously stirring for 24h at a slow speed, then washing for 3-4 times by using distilled water to obtain gel balls 8, and finally transferring the gel balls 8 to a repairing device for use. Wherein the weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: sodium alginate: the weight ratio of the activated carbon is as follows: 50: 2: 5.
the particle size of the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin 9 adsorbed by zero-valent iron is 0.63mm-1.25mm, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin and 2mol/L FeCl3Mixing the aqueous solutions, shaking for 4h at room temperature, filtering, washing with distilled water, and preparing NaBH with mass fraction of 3% by using oxygen-free water4The washed resin was reduced in solution for 15 minutes, filtered off and charged with monomer 4 for use.
As shown in fig. 4, the diameter of the biological filler ball 10 is 10cm, and the biofilm culturing process of the biological filler ball 10 is as follows:
1) activated sludge in an anaerobic digestion tank in a nearby water plant is used as inoculation sludge, and the activated sludge and a self-made anaerobic culture solution are mixed in a ratio of 1: 3, adding biological filler balls, standing for 24 hours, taking out supernatant in the container, supplementing equivalent activated sludge, and standing for 24 hours;
2) slowly flowing into the reservoir, keeping the hydraulic retention time for 36h, and detecting COD of inlet and outlet water every dayCrThe growth of the microorganism is observed, when the COD isCrThe removal rate reaches a higher level, and after the biological filler ball 10 can stably run for one week, the successful biofilm formation of the biological filler ball is shown.
At this time, the bio-packing ball 10 can be taken out and put on the upper layer in the lead wire mesh reaction monomer 4 for use. Wherein the self-made anaerobic culture solution is synthetic wastewater prepared manually, and the mass ratio of the added nutrient substances is controlled to be m (COD): m (N): m (p) =200- > 300: 5: 1.
as shown in fig. 5, the framework of the lead wire mesh reaction monomer is formed by using a phi 10 steel bar 12 as a framework and using a lead wire mesh 13 as six surfaces of the lead wire mesh reaction monomer 4, the surfaces are arranged to be openable, the filler in the box can be conveniently and periodically replaced, and the aperture of the lead wire mesh 13 is 10 mm. In order to be convenient to install and adapt to the bottom topography of different reservoirs, the size of the lead wire mesh reaction monomer 4 framework can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
When the deep water reservoir polluted sediment is repaired in situ, firstly, when pollutants in the sediment are released upwards, the pollutants pass through the gel ball adsorption layer 5 to adsorb soluble organic macromolecular pollutants (including organic matters such as benzene, phenols and the like), the gel ball adsorption layer 5 has good permeability, and the interior of the gel ball adsorption layer has rich pore structures, so that the pollutants can easily enter the sphere and can be gathered in the sphere.
Secondly, when some pollutants which are not adsorbed by the adsorption gel balls are continuously released upwards, the resin filtering layer 6 filters heavy metals and toxic substances, sulfonic acid groups on the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin 9 loaded by zero-valent iron can generate electrostatic attraction on the pollutants, particularly the heavy metals, so that the pollutants are enriched in resin pore channels, and then the heavy metal pollutants and the zero-valent iron loaded on the resin 4 are subjected to chemical reaction to reduce the heavy metals, form precipitates and accumulate in the resin pore channels. The more zero-valent iron is loaded on the resin, the faster the adsorption speed of heavy metals is, and the higher the efficiency is. Heavy metal ions which can be adsorbed by the zero-valent iron-loaded macroporous strongly acidic cation exchange resin 9 include chromium, lead and the like. The zero-valent iron can also react with chlorocarbons by utilizing the reducibility of the zero-valent iron to realize dechlorination.
Finally, when some nutrient substances containing nitrogen, phosphorus and the like which are not filtered by the resin are further released upwards, anaerobic bacteria loaded on the biological filler balls 10 in the biological degradation layer 7 degrade the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus, so that the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal are achieved.
The pollutants are removed to a great extent under the action of the lead wire mesh reaction monomer 4, so that the purposes of purifying sediments and clarifying water quality are achieved. When the device runs for about 3 months at the bottom of the reservoir, the decontamination effect of the device is obviously weakened, and the whole device can be salvaged to be dismantled. Desorbing the resin 9 and loading zero-valent iron again; the gel balls 8 are cleaned, and the gel balls 8 can be recycled for 6 times; the bio-packed spheres 10 are cleaned and re-filmed, and these re-treated materials are re-packed into the fibril web reactive monomer 4 for re-use.
Claims (8)
1. The in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for the polluted sediments in the deepwater reservoir is characterized by comprising fixed hooks, connecting ropes, hook rings, a plurality of lead wire mesh reaction monomers and external reinforcing steel bars, wherein the lead wire mesh reaction monomers are connected at the bottom of the water through the hook rings, and the external reinforcing steel bars are connected to the fixed hooks on the side surface of the bottom of the reservoir through the connecting ropes;
the lead wire mesh reaction monomer is internally provided with a gel ball adsorption layer, a resin filter layer and a biodegradation layer from bottom to top in sequence; the biological degradation layer is formed by placing biological filler balls with films on the uppermost layer in the single body, the radius of each biological filler ball is 10cm, the number of the biological filler balls can be determined according to the eutrophication degree of reservoir sediments to be repaired, and multiple layers of biological filler balls are placed;
the biofilm culturing process of the biological filler ball comprises the following steps:
1) activated sludge in an anaerobic digestion tank in a nearby water plant is used as inoculation sludge, and the activated sludge and a self-made anaerobic culture solution are mixed in a ratio of 1: 3, adding biological filler balls, standing for 24 hours, taking out supernatant in the container, supplementing equivalent activated sludge, and standing for 24 hours;
2) slowly flowing into the reservoir, keeping the hydraulic retention time for 36h, and detecting COD of inlet and outlet water every dayCrThe growth of the microorganism is observed, when the COD isCrThe value removal rate reaches a higher level, and after the operation is stably carried out for one week, the success of biofilm culturing of the biological filler is shown;
taking out the biological filler balls, and putting the biological filler balls in an upper layer of a lead wire mesh reaction monomer for use, wherein the self-made anaerobic culture solution is artificially prepared synthetic wastewater, and the mass ratio of the added nutrients is controlled to be m (COD): m (N): m (P) = 200-300: 5: 1.
2. the in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments in deep water reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein the gel ball adsorption layer and the resin filter layer are respectively wrapped by non-woven fabrics, so that the device is convenient to disassemble after use and is classified and recycled;
the gel ball adsorption layer is formed by wrapping all gel balls by non-woven fabrics, is positioned at the lowermost layer of the monomer, occupies one third of the volume of the monomer, has the radius of 8mm and rich void structure, and can adsorb a large amount of organic macromolecular pollutants.
3. The in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for the polluted sediment of the deep water reservoir as claimed in claim 2, wherein the particle size of the gel balls is 8mm, and the manufacturing process is as follows: heating polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate in water bath at 95-100 deg.C for dissolving, adding activated carbon powder according to certain weight ratio after completely dissolving, and mixing well; after cooling to room temperature, 1% CaCl was added dropwise2-saturating the boric acid mixture, stirring for 24 hours at a slow speed, washing for 3-4 times with distilled water to obtain gel balls, and transferring the gel balls to a repairing device for use, wherein the weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: sodium alginate: the weight ratio of the activated carbon is 50: 2: 5.
4. the in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments in deep water reservoirs according to claim 2, wherein the resin filter layer is formed by wrapping all zero-valent iron-adsorbed macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resins by non-woven fabrics and is positioned in the monomer intermediate layer, and the particle size of each single zero-valent iron-adsorbed macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin is 0.63mm-1.25 mm; the zero-valent iron on the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin and the heavy metal are subjected to chemical reaction and form precipitates to be gathered in the pore canal of the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin.
5. The in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for polluted sediments in deep water reservoirs according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the resin filter layer is determined according to the heavy metal pollution degree of the reservoir sediments to be repaired, and when the content of heavy metals in the reservoir sediments is higher, the thickness of the resin filter layer is increased.
6. The in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for the polluted sediment of the deep water reservoir as claimed in claim 4, wherein the particle size of the zero-valent iron adsorbed macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin is 0.63mm-1.25mm, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin and 2mol/L FeCl3Mixing the aqueous solutions, shaking for 4h at room temperature, filtering, washing with distilled water, and preparing NaBH with mass fraction of 3% by using oxygen-free water4The washed resin is reduced for 15 minutes by the solution, filtered off and charged into a lead wire mesh reaction monomer for use.
7. The in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for the polluted sediment of the deep water reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the external steel bars are used as frameworks of a lead wire mesh reaction monomer, and phi 10 steel bars are adopted; six faces of silk screen as silk screen reaction monomer, its surface set up to open-type, make things convenient for the regular replacement incasement to pack, and the aperture of silk screen is 10mm, for simple to operate, adaptation different reservoir bottom topography, the size of silk screen reaction monomer frame is adjusted according to actual conditions.
8. The in-situ adsorption-filtration-biodegradation repair device for the polluted sediment of the deep water reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is arranged at the bottom of the deep water reservoir, and when in-situ repair is carried out:
(1) when the pollutants in the sediments are released upwards, the pollutants pass through the gel ball adsorption layer to adsorb soluble organic macromolecular pollutants, the gel ball adsorption layer has good permeability, and the interior of the gel ball adsorption layer is provided with rich pore structures, so that the organic macromolecular pollutants can easily enter the interior of the sphere and are gathered in the interior of the sphere;
(2) when some pollutants which are not adsorbed by the adsorption gel balls are continuously released upwards, the resin filter layer filters heavy metals and toxic substances, sulfonic acid groups on the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin loaded by zero-valent iron can generate electrostatic attraction on the pollutants to enable the pollutants to be enriched in resin pore channels, and then the pollutants and the zero-valent iron loaded on the resin can generate chemical reaction to enable the pollutants to be reduced and form precipitates to be accumulated in the resin pore channels; the more zero-valent iron loaded on the resin, the faster the adsorption speed of pollutants is, and the higher the efficiency is;
(3) when some nutrient substances containing nitrogen and phosphorus which are not filtered by the resin are further released upwards, anaerobic bacteria loaded on the biological filler balls in the biological degradation layer degrade the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus to achieve the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal;
(4) pollutants are removed to a greater extent under the action of a lead wire mesh reaction monomer, so that the purposes of purifying sediments and clarifying water quality are achieved; when the device runs for 3 months at the bottom of the reservoir, the decontamination effect is obviously weakened, and the whole device is salvaged to be dismantled; desorbing the macroporous strong-acid cation exchange resin, and loading zero-valent iron again; cleaning the gel balls, and recycling the gel balls for 6 times; and (3) cleaning the biological filler balls, re-hanging the membranes, and re-filling the materials subjected to secondary treatment into the lead wire mesh reaction monomer for reuse.
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