CN108059009B - Transfer platform for ship cargo transfer and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Transfer platform for ship cargo transfer and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108059009B CN108059009B CN201610982633.6A CN201610982633A CN108059009B CN 108059009 B CN108059009 B CN 108059009B CN 201610982633 A CN201610982633 A CN 201610982633A CN 108059009 B CN108059009 B CN 108059009B
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G67/00—Loading or unloading vehicles
- B65G67/60—Loading or unloading ships
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G67/00—Loading or unloading vehicles
- B65G67/60—Loading or unloading ships
- B65G67/606—Loading or unloading ships using devices specially adapted for bulk material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G2814/00—Indexing codes relating to loading or unloading articles or bulk materials
- B65G2814/03—Loading or unloading means
- B65G2814/0397—Loading or unloading means for ships
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a transfer platform for ship cargo transfer and a construction method thereof, wherein the transfer platform comprises the following components: a main body portion including a cargo hold for storing cargo, a loading device for loading the cargo in the cargo hold to a ship, and a unloading device for unloading the cargo on the ship into the cargo hold, a fore ballast tank and an aft ballast tank for adjusting a floating state of the main body portion; the caisson foundation comprises at least one chamber, and the chamber is used for adjusting the floating state of the caisson foundation by filling ballast water into the chamber; wherein, transfer the platform and be the bottom-mounted platform. The transfer platform of the invention improves the capability of resisting severe environments and improves the transfer efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ocean engineering and port transportation, in particular to a transfer platform for ship cargo transportation and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the development of world shipping, competition among large shipping companies is becoming more and more intense, and in order to reduce cost, ocean vessels operated by the shipping companies are becoming increasingly large, and oversized oil vessels and bulk cargo vessels of 30 ten thousand tons and more are becoming dominant vessels for ocean transportation of future vessels, and the full-load draft of the vessels is more than 20 meters, so that the water depth requirement on ports is particularly high.
Since the innovation of China is open, the world economy is more and more closely related. However, in some ports in China, the water depth is not more than 20 meters, and large ships in the future cannot directly stop at the ports.
Three conventional solutions to this problem are generally used.
The first method is to dig into the existing jetty sea channel. The advantage of this solution is that existing wharf equipment can be utilized, the disadvantages are also evident, the application scope is small, good natural initial conditions are necessary, sediment accumulation is fast, and regular maintenance is required. Such as shallow sea areas of Bohai sea in China, the water depth of ports is generally not more than 20m, the average water depth of the sea areas is about 18 m, sediment deposition is fast, if the existing wharf is required to dock large ships, not only deep berths are required to be dug, but also the whole channel is required to be dug, and initial investment and maintenance cost are huge, so that the sea areas are obviously unsuitable for the method.
The second method is to find deepwater quays in the vicinity as transfer quays. The scheme has the advantages that the existing natural environment conditions can be utilized, the defects of large site selection limitation, limited optional positions and unavoidable additional increase of transfer distance are overcome; dock equipment needs to be newly built, and initial investment is huge; the port needs to be cleaned out periodically, and the maintenance cost is high.
The third method is to refute the ship with refute device, taking a refute loading and unloading transport self-ship as an example disclosed in the patent of China patent with the application number of CN 201320093832. The method has the advantages of small investment, but can only perform single-to-single operation (one unloading ship and one receiving ship are subjected to the over-connection operation), low over-connection efficiency, high limitation and poor capability of resisting severe environments because the unloading ship and the receiving ship are required to be in place at the same time and are positioned by single-point mooring or multi-point mooring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low transfer efficiency, larger limitation and poor capability of resisting severe environments in the prior art, and provides a transfer platform for ship cargo transfer.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of constructing a transfer platform for ship cargo transfer.
The invention provides a transfer platform for ship cargo transfer, comprising:
A main body portion including a cargo hold for storing cargo, a loading device for loading the cargo in the cargo hold to a ship, and a unloading device for unloading the cargo on the ship into the cargo hold, a fore ballast tank and an aft ballast tank for adjusting a floating state of the main body portion;
The caisson foundation comprises at least one chamber, and the chamber is used for adjusting the floating state of the caisson foundation by filling ballast water into the chamber;
The transfer platform is a bottom-supported platform, when the transfer platform is in an operation state, the caisson foundation is located on the sea floor through ballast water filled in the filling cavity, the main body part is located on the caisson foundation through ballast water filled in the bow ballast tank and the stern ballast tank, the lower part of the main body part is located below the sea level, and the upper part of the main body part is exposed out of the sea level.
Optionally, the transfer platform further comprises a concrete layer for weighting the dead weight of the main body portion, which is located at the bottom of the cargo hold.
Optionally, the cargo hold includes a plurality of cargo tanks and a plurality of bulk cargo holds, a plurality of cargo tanks are followed the longitudinal direction of transfer platform sets up side by side and is located one side of transfer platform longitudinal centerline, a plurality of bulk cargo holds are followed the longitudinal direction of transfer platform sets up side by side and is located the opposite side of transfer platform longitudinal centerline.
Optionally, the ship unloading device comprises ship unloading equipment for unloading bulk cargos and a slideway extending along the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform, wherein the slideway is positioned at the top of the bulk cargo compartment, and the ship unloading equipment can walk along the slideway to unload the bulk cargos into the corresponding bulk cargo compartment.
Optionally, the ship unloading equipment is a plurality of, and a plurality of ship unloading equipment are along the longitudinal direction interval setting of transfer platform.
Optionally, the ship unloading device further comprises a transfer pump for transporting the liquid cargo.
Optionally, the shipping device comprises a shipping machine for loading bulk cargo in the bulk cargo compartment onto the vessel and a bulk cargo conveyor belt disposed at the bottom of the bulk cargo compartment, the bulk cargo conveyor belt being connected to the shipping machine, the shipping machine loading the bulk cargo onto the vessel via a transfer arm.
Optionally, the outer peripheral wall of the main body part is a concrete outer wall.
Optionally, side hold-downs are provided on the inner sides of the two outer side walls of the main body portion extending in the longitudinal direction.
Alternatively, the main body portion may be disconnected from the caisson foundation by draining ballast water.
Optionally, the shipping device is located on both sides of the main body portion, and the ship unloading device is located on the bow of the main body portion.
Optionally, an upper guiding inclined plane is arranged on the lower side of at least one end of the main body part, a guiding protruding block is arranged on the upper surface of at least one end of the caisson foundation, the guiding protruding block is provided with a lower guiding inclined plane, and the upper guiding inclined plane and the lower guiding inclined plane are mutually matched to play a guiding role in the attaching process of the main body part and the caisson foundation.
The invention further provides a construction method of the transfer platform for ship cargo transfer, comprising the following steps:
Respectively constructing a main body part and a caisson foundation at a shipyard;
after the shipyard is built, the caisson foundation is towed to a selected position of the sea area, and ballast water is injected into a cavity in the caisson foundation to enable the caisson foundation to sink into the sea and sit on the sea floor;
After the main body part is built in a shipyard, the main body part is towed to a sea area with the water depth exceeding 23 meters, concrete is cast into the main body part, and the concrete layer at the bottom of the main body part is thickened;
And dragging the main body part to a selected position of the caisson foundation, filling ballast water into a bow ballast tank and a stern ballast tank of the main body part, so that the main body part is submerged in the sea and is located on the caisson foundation, and attaching the bottom of the main body part to the upper part of the caisson foundation.
Optionally, the caisson foundation is provided with a plurality of lifting lugs, a rope is tied on the lifting lugs, the other end of the rope is connected with a floating ball, and before the main body part is sunk, the accurate position of the main body part to be sunk is determined according to the floating ball.
Optionally, an upper guiding inclined plane is provided at a lower portion of at least one end of the main body portion, a guiding protruding block is provided at an upper surface of at least one end of the caisson foundation, the guiding protruding block has a lower guiding inclined plane, and when the bottom of the main body portion is attached to an upper portion of the caisson foundation, accurate positioning is performed by using guiding actions of the upper guiding inclined plane and the lower guiding inclined plane.
Optionally, the caisson foundation comprises a plurality of chambers, the chambers are arranged side by side, and different water amounts are injected into the chambers at different positions in the process of injecting ballast water into the chambers so as to adjust the floating state of the caisson foundation, so that the caisson foundation is kept in a positive floating state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
According to the invention, the transfer platform is designed into the bottom-supported platform, so that the transfer platform is supported on the seabed, the capability of the transfer platform for resisting severe environments is enhanced, meanwhile, the cargo hold for storing cargoes is arranged on the transfer platform, so that the cargo of the unloading ship and the cargo receiving ship do not need to be in place at the same time, the cargo of the unloading ship is directly unloaded into the cargo hold, or the cargo is loaded into the cargo receiving ship from the cargo hold, and the transfer efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a left chord longitudinal cross section of the docking platform of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right chord longitudinal cross section of the docking platform of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the docking platform of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the docking platform of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the mating structure of the main body portion and the caisson foundation at the stern of the transfer platform;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mating structure of the main body portion and caisson foundation at the transfer platform bow; and
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of a method of constructing a transfer platform for ship cargo transfer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of further illustrating the principles and structure of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a left-chord longitudinal sectional view of the transfer platform of the present invention, fig. 2 is a right-chord longitudinal sectional view of the transfer platform of the present invention, fig. 3 is a top view of the transfer platform of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the transfer platform of the present invention. The transfer platform of the invention comprises a main body part 1 and a caisson foundation 2. The main body portion 1 includes a cargo hold 13, a ship unloader 14, a ship loader 15, a bow ballast tank 11, and a stern ballast tank 12. Caisson foundation 2 comprises a plurality of chambers 21.
The cargo tank 13 includes a plurality of bulk cargo tanks 132 and a plurality of cargo tanks 131. The bulk cargo tank 132 and the cargo tank 131 are used to store bulk cargo and liquid cargo, respectively, unloaded from the ship.
The bulk cargo tanks 132 are arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform and are located on one side of the longitudinal center line L1 of the transfer platform, and the bulk cargo tanks 132 are arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform and are located on the other side of the longitudinal center line L1 of the transfer platform.
As shown in fig. 3, the bulk cargo tank 132 and the cargo tank 131 may be symmetrically disposed about the longitudinal centerline L1 of the transfer platform.
The ship unloading device 14 for unloading cargo on a ship into the cargo hold 13 comprises a ship unloading apparatus 141 for unloading bulk cargo and a ramp 142 extending in the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform. The ramp 142 is located on top of the bulk cargo compartment 132 and the ship unloading device 141 is adapted to travel along the ramp 142, with this design, on the one hand, for unloading bulk cargo into the corresponding bulk cargo compartment 132 and, on the other hand, for adapting the ship unloading device 141 to different ship unloading vessels. The ship unloading apparatus 141 includes a rotating arm and a grab bucket at an end of the rotating arm.
On one side of the transfer platform at the bulk cargo compartment 132, a plurality of ship unloading apparatuses 141 may be disposed, and the plurality of ship unloading apparatuses 141 are disposed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform.
Preferably, each two bulk cargo tanks 132 are provided with a respective unloading device 141, and the unloading device 141 unloads the cargo into the adjacent bulk cargo tanks 132 when unloading.
When the ship unloading device 141 unloads, the grab grabs the cargo on the ship, and the rotating arm rotates to unload the cargo into the corresponding bulk cargo compartment 132.
Further, the ship unloading device 14 further includes a transfer pump 143 for transporting liquid cargo, and the transfer pump 143 is provided at the top of the cargo tank 131. The liquid cargo on the unloading ship can be unloaded into the cargo tank 131 by the transfer pump 143, or the liquid cargo in the cargo tank 131 can be loaded onto the loading ship.
At the side of the transfer platform at the cargo tank 131, a plurality of transfer pumps 143 may be arranged, the plurality of transfer pumps 143 being arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform. Preferably, each two cargo tanks 131 are provided with a respective one of the transfer pumps 143.
The loading device 15 is used for loading cargo in a cargo compartment onto a ship, and the loading device 15 includes a loader 152 provided at the fore part of the transfer platform and a bulk cargo conveyor 151 provided at the bottom of the bulk cargo compartment 132.
The bulk carrier 151 extends from the bottom of the bulk cargo tank 132 to the ship loader 152. The loader 152 has a transfer arm 1521, which transfer arm 1521 is used to load bulk cargo transferred onto the loader 152 onto the loading vessel. As shown in fig. 3, the transfer arm 1521 of the loader 152 is positioned above and in front of the main body portion 1 of the transfer platform, and when the loader 152 is in operation, the transfer arm 1521 will be rotated by a certain angle so that the transfer arm 1521 can be transferred in alignment with the loading vessel.
The bow and stern of the main body portion 1 are provided with a bow ballast tank 11 and a stern ballast tank 12, respectively. The floating state of the main body portion 1 is adjusted by filling or discharging ballast water into or from the fore and aft ballast tanks 11 and 12. For example, ballast water is discharged to the fore ballast tank 11 and the aft ballast tank 12 to float the main body portion 1, and for example, ballast water is injected to the fore ballast tank 11 and the aft ballast tank 12 to sink the main body portion 1.
Further, in order to weigh the body portion 1 itself, so that the body portion 1 has a deep draft, the bottom of the cargo compartment 13 forms a concrete layer 18.
Further, in order to prevent damage to the main body portion 1 by the vessel during berthing of the vessel, the outer peripheral wall of the main body portion 1 is a concrete outer peripheral wall 101.
The upper building 17 is arranged above the stern of the main body part 1 and is used for realizing the functions of central control, communication, scheduling and the like.
Below the superstructure 17 is provided an equipment bay 19 for arranging the required equipment.
Nacelle 16 is positioned at a forward position above forward ballast tank 11.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, side hold-downs 103 are provided inside both outer side walls of the main body portion 1 extending in the longitudinal direction.
Caisson foundation 2 has a plurality of chambers 21. The caisson foundation 2 may be formed by combining a plurality of pontoons, each pontoon having a chamber. The caisson foundation 2 may also be formed integrally with a plurality of chambers. The caisson foundation 2 is regulated in its floating state (i.e., draft or bottoming state) by filling or discharging ballast water into or from the chamber 21.
The arrangement of the caisson foundations 2 depends on the practical application, for example, two caisson foundations 2 are arranged below the main body part 1 and are respectively positioned at the left chord and the right chord; for another example, only one caisson foundation 2 is arranged below the main body part 1, i.e. the caisson foundation 2 extends from the left chord to the right chord of the main body part 1.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure of the main body part and the caisson foundation at the stern of the transfer platform, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure of the main body part and the caisson foundation at the bow of the transfer platform. The lower side of at least one end of the main body 1 is provided with an upper guide slope, for example, as shown in fig. 5, the end of the main body 1 where the stern is located is provided with an upper guide slope 104; as another example, as shown in fig. 6, the end of the body portion 1 where the bow is located is provided with an upper guide slope 105; for another example, upper guide slopes 104 and 105 are provided at the stern and the bow of the main body portion 1, respectively.
The upper surface of at least one end of the caisson foundation 2 is provided with a guiding lug, for example, as shown in fig. 5, the end of the stern of the caisson foundation 2 is provided with a guiding lug 23; as another example, as shown in fig. 6, the end of the caisson foundation 2 where the bow is located is provided with a guiding projection 24; for another example, guiding lugs 23 and 24 are provided at the stern and the bow of the caisson foundation 2, respectively. The guide projection 23 (or the guide projection 24) has a lower guide slope, and the upper guide slope and the lower guide slope cooperate with each other to provide a guiding action for the main body part 1 and the caisson foundation 2 during fitting.
When the transfer platform is in the working state, the caisson foundation 2 sits on the sea floor by the ballast water injected into the chambers 21, and the main body portion 1 sits on the caisson foundation by the ballast water injected into the bow and stern ballast tanks 11 and 12 so that the lower portion of the main body portion 1 is located below the sea level and the upper portion is exposed to the sea level.
When extremely severe sea conditions are met, the main body part 1 can float upwards by discharging the ballast water of the main body part 1, separate from the caisson foundation 2 and drag the caisson foundation into a shielding pool to avoid, so that the transfer platform displacement caused by overlarge impact and impact force of wind waves on the transfer platform is prevented. The main body of the transfer platform can float to 22 meters for draft in an empty state through discharged ballast water and has anchoring capability.
In addition, the ballast water of the main body part 1 and the caisson foundation 1 can be discharged, the main body part 1 and the caisson foundation 1 are floated, and the main body part 1 and the caisson foundation 1 are towed to a new destination address for installation, so that the transfer platform has the capability of re-locating.
The operation mode of the transfer platform is as follows:
The ship unloading operation mode comprises the following steps: a large ship such as a 30-ten thousand-ton bulk cargo ship or a tanker, is berthed beside a transfer platform, and the unloading device 141 grabs bulk cargo on the ship, and the unloading device 141 freely slides on the slide 142 and unloads the bulk cargo into the corresponding bulk cargo compartment 132 by rotation of the rotating arm. The tanker delivers oil into the cargo tank 131 by a transfer pump 143.
The shipping operation mode comprises the following steps: the cargo in the bulk cargo tank 132 slides down onto the bulk cargo conveyor belt 151 by gravity, is transferred to the ship loader 152 via the bulk cargo conveyor belt 151, and the ship loader 152 transfers the bulk cargo out into the bulk cargo ship via the transfer arm 1521. The cargo tank 131 delivers liquid cargo to a cargo ship by a transfer pump 143, and is transported to a destination port via the cargo ship.
And (3) synchronous loading and unloading: since the ship unloading equipment 141 and the transfer pump 143 of the transfer platform are located at both sides of the transfer platform, the ship loader 152 is located at the bow portion, the ship loading and unloading operations can be performed simultaneously. Further, the bulk cargo tank 132 and the cargo tank 131 are located on both sides of the longitudinal center line L1, respectively, so that the transfer operations of bulk cargo and liquid cargo do not interfere with each other.
The invention further provides a construction method of the transfer platform for ship cargo transfer, as shown in fig. 7, and fig. 7 is a flow chart of the construction method of the transfer platform for ship cargo transfer. The method steps of the invention are described below in connection with fig. 1 to 6:
and S1, respectively constructing a main body part and a caisson foundation in a shipyard.
The main body part 1 and the caisson foundation 2 can be built in parallel by the shipyard.
And S2, after the shipyard is built, dragging the caisson foundation to a selected position of a sea area, and pouring ballast water into a cavity in the caisson foundation to enable the caisson foundation to sink into the sea and sit on the sea floor.
The caisson foundation 2 is a steel structure foundation, and a plurality of chambers 21 are provided therein. Each chamber 21 is assigned a number to determine its exact relative position. Each chamber 21 is provided with a vent pipe and a water inlet pipe, and the vent pipe and the water inlet pipe are provided with corresponding numbers, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the numbers of the chambers 21. Wherein the ventilation pipe and the water inlet pipe are both communicated with the periphery of the caisson foundation 2, and quick connectors are arranged. The quick connector is connected with a hose, and the tail end of the hose is connected with a valve.
After the caisson foundation 2 is built at the shipyard, it is towed to a selected location by means of a towing wheel, and the seabed is initially treated at the selected location, and then the valve of the gas permeable pipe and the valve of the water inlet pipe are opened, and the cavity 21 of the caisson foundation 2 is filled with water through the water inlet pipe. In the water injection process, the floating state of the caisson foundation 2 is adjusted by injecting different amounts of water into the chambers 21 at different positions, so that the caisson foundation is kept in a positive floating state. When the caisson foundation 2 is submerged substantially under water, all valves except for the four corners are closed and the caisson foundation 2 is submerged in the sea floor by injecting a small amount of water into the chamber 21 through the valves at the four corners. Then, all valves are opened to fill all chambers 21 with water to increase the pressure between the chambers 21 and the seabed, thereby increasing the friction with the seabed and further achieving the ability to position the main body part 1 horizontally.
And S3, after the main body part is built by a shipyard, dragging the main body part to a sea area with the water depth exceeding 23 meters, and casting concrete to the main body part to thicken a concrete layer at the bottom of the main body part.
After the body part 1 has been built by a shipyard, the draft of the body part 1 is about 11 meters, whereas the draft after casting the concrete will be up to 22 meters. Thus, after the main body part 1 is constructed by a shipyard, it is towed to a water area having a water depth of more than 23 meters, and then concrete is cast into the main body part 1 by an offshore cement ship to thicken the concrete layer 18 at the bottom of the main body part.
And S4, dragging the main body part to a selected position of the caisson foundation, filling ballast water into a bow ballast tank and a stern ballast tank of the main body part, enabling the main body part to sink into the sea and sit on the caisson foundation, and attaching the bottom of the main body part to the upper part of the caisson foundation.
After the body part 1 has finished casting the concrete, the body part 1 is towed to the selected location of the caisson foundation 2.
In order to accurately determine the seabed position of the caisson foundation 2, a plurality of lifting lugs (not shown) are arranged on the caisson foundation 2, ropes are tied to the lifting lugs, the other ends of the ropes are connected with floating balls, the floating balls float on the water surface, and the position of the caisson foundation 2 can be intuitively determined through the floating balls floating on the water surface. So that the body part 1 determines the exact position where the body part 1 is to be sunk from the float ball before the body part 1 is sunk.
In order to enable the main body 1 to be accurately attached to the caisson foundation 2 after sinking, it is preferable that an upper guide slope 104 (or an upper guide slope 105) is provided at the lower side of at least one end of the main body 1, a guide projection is provided at the upper surface of at least one end of the caisson foundation 2, and the guide projection 23 (or the guide projection 24) has a lower guide slope, and the upper guide slope 104 and the lower guide slope cooperate with each other to provide a guide effect for the main body 1 and the caisson foundation 2 during attachment, as shown in fig. 5 and 6. By the design of the upper guide inclined plane 104 and the lower guide inclined plane, a good guide effect can be achieved in the falling process of the main body part 1, and even if the falling process of the main body part 1 is slightly deviated, the main body part 1 can be accurately attached.
After the construction is completed, a transfer platform is formed, as shown in fig. 3, the draft of the transfer platform is 25 m, the main body part 1 is 362 m long, the shape width is 90 m, and the caisson foundation 2 is 3m high. Bulk and crude oil or liquid cargo storage volumes of the same volume are more than 30 ten thousand tons respectively.
According to the invention, the transfer platform is designed into the bottom-supported platform, so that the transfer platform is supported on the seabed, the capability of the transfer platform for resisting severe environments is enhanced, meanwhile, the cargo hold for storing cargoes is arranged on the transfer platform, so that the cargo of the unloading ship and the cargo receiving ship do not need to be in place at the same time, the cargo of the unloading ship is directly unloaded into the cargo hold, or the cargo is loaded into the cargo receiving ship from the cargo hold, and the transfer efficiency is improved.
In addition, the split bottom-supported transfer platform is adopted, so that the split bottom-supported transfer platform has a large-capacity storage cargo hold, for example, the transfer storage capacity of not less than 30 ten thousand tons of bulk cargo and not less than 30 ten thousand tons of crude oil or liquid cargo with the same volume, can be used for simultaneously berthing different types of 30 ten thousand tons of bulk cargo ships and oil ships or other liquid cargo ships, and can be used for simultaneously carrying out transfer operation of two ships.
The split transfer platform can adjust the floating state of the main body part and the caisson foundation by adjusting the ballast water, so that the transfer platform is flexible in site selection and can be used for transfer of a plurality of ports, the transfer platform has the possibility of recycling, and the cost is further reduced.
The invention adopts a structure with a split design of the main body part and the caisson foundation, is convenient to construct on one hand, is beneficial to transportation, and reduces the ballast required by the transfer platform to reach the target water depth; on the other hand, the floating of the main body part of the transfer platform is convenient, and the main body part is prevented from directly contacting the seabed, so that vacuum can not float when floating.
In addition, the invention adopts the bottom-supported transfer platform, which can bear heavier dock equipment (such as a shipping device and a ship unloading device), so the transfer platform can adopt dock equipment with heavier weight and relatively low price, thereby greatly reducing equipment purchase cost and maintenance cost.
The invention designs a plurality of ship unloading devices, and each ship unloading device can work at the same time, thereby obviously improving the unloading efficiency.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by applying the descriptions and the drawings of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A transfer platform for ship cargo transfer, comprising:
A main body portion including a cargo hold for storing cargo, a loading device for loading the cargo in the cargo hold to a ship, and a unloading device for unloading the cargo on the ship into the cargo hold, a fore ballast tank and an aft ballast tank for adjusting a floating state of the main body portion;
the transfer platform further comprises a concrete layer for weighting the dead weight of the main body part, which is positioned at the bottom of the cargo hold and thickens the concrete layer at the bottom of the main body part;
The caisson foundation comprises at least one chamber, and the chamber is used for adjusting the floating state of the caisson foundation by filling ballast water into the chamber;
wherein the main body part and the caisson foundation are elongated; the transfer platform is a bottom-sitting platform, and when the transfer platform is in an operation state, the caisson foundation is located on the sea bottom through ballast water injected into the cavity, so that the main body part is convenient to sit on the bottom; the main body part is located on the caisson foundation through ballast water injected into the bow ballast tank and the stern ballast tank, the bottom of the main body part is attached to the upper part of the caisson foundation, the lower part of the main body part is located below the sea level, and the upper part of the main body part is exposed out of the sea level;
The lower lateral part of at least one tip of main part is equipped with a direction inclined plane, the upper surface of at least one tip of caisson ground is equipped with a direction lug, the direction lug set up in the stern and the bow of caisson ground, the direction lug has a direction inclined plane down, go up the direction inclined plane with the direction inclined plane is mutually supported down for main part with the caisson ground plays the guide effect in the laminating in-process.
2. The transfer platform for ship cargo transfer of claim 1, wherein the cargo compartment comprises a plurality of cargo tanks and a plurality of bulk cargo tanks, the plurality of cargo tanks being disposed side-by-side along a longitudinal direction of the transfer platform and on one side of a longitudinal centerline of the transfer platform, the plurality of bulk cargo tanks being disposed side-by-side along the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform and on the other side of the longitudinal centerline of the transfer platform.
3. The transfer platform for ship cargo transfer according to claim 2, wherein the ship unloading device comprises a ship unloading apparatus for unloading bulk cargo and a ramp extending in a longitudinal direction of the transfer platform, the ramp being located on top of the bulk cargo compartment, the ship unloading apparatus being walkable along the ramp for unloading bulk cargo into a corresponding bulk cargo compartment.
4. A transfer platform for the transfer of ship cargo according to claim 3, wherein the ship unloading devices are plural, and plural ship unloading devices are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the transfer platform.
5. A transfer platform for the transfer of ship cargo according to claim 3, characterized in that the ship unloading apparatus further comprises a transfer pump for transporting liquid cargo.
6. The transfer platform for ship cargo transfer according to claim 2, wherein the loading device comprises a loader for loading bulk cargo in a bulk cargo tank onto a ship and a bulk cargo conveyor provided at a bottom of the bulk cargo tank, the bulk cargo conveyor being connected to the loader, the loader loading the bulk cargo onto the ship via a transfer arm.
7. The transfer platform for ship cargo transfer of claim 1, wherein the body portion peripheral wall is a concrete outer wall.
8. The transfer platform for ship cargo transfer of claim 1, wherein the inner sides of the two outer side walls of the main body portion extending in the longitudinal direction are provided with side hold-down pods.
9. A transfer platform for ship cargo transfer according to claim 1, wherein the main body portion is detachable from the caisson foundation by discharging ballast water.
10. The transfer platform for ship cargo transfer of claim 1, wherein said shipping means is located on either side of said main body portion and said ship unloading means is located on the bow of said main body portion.
11. A method of constructing a transfer platform for use in the transfer of ship cargo, comprising:
Respectively constructing a main body part and a caisson foundation at a shipyard;
after the shipyard is built, the caisson foundation is towed to a selected position of the sea area, and ballast water is injected into a cavity in the caisson foundation to enable the caisson foundation to sink into the sea and sit on the sea floor;
After the main body part is built in a shipyard, the main body part is towed to a sea area with the water depth exceeding 23 meters, concrete is cast into the main body part, and the concrete layer at the bottom of the main body part is thickened;
Dragging the main body part to a selected position of a caisson foundation, filling ballast water into a bow ballast tank and a stern ballast tank of the main body part, wherein an upper guide inclined plane is arranged at the lower part of at least one end part of the main body part, a guide lug is arranged on the upper surface of at least one end part of the caisson foundation, a lower guide inclined plane is arranged on the guide lug, and when the bottom of the main body part is attached to the upper part of the caisson foundation, the main body part is accurately positioned by utilizing the guide action of the upper guide inclined plane and the lower guide inclined plane, so that the main body part is sunk into the sea and sits on the caisson foundation, and the bottom of the main body part is attached to the upper part of the caisson foundation;
When the sea conditions are extremely severe, the main body part can float upwards by discharging the ballast water of the main body part, separate from the foundation of the caisson and drag the caisson into the shielding pool for avoiding.
12. The method of constructing a transfer platform for ship cargo transfer according to claim 11, wherein the caisson foundation is provided with a plurality of lifting lugs to which a rope is tied, the other end of the rope being connected to a floating ball, and an accurate position at which the main body portion is to be sunk is determined based on the floating ball before the main body portion is sunk.
13. The method of constructing a transfer platform for ship cargo transfer of claim 11, wherein the caisson foundation includes a plurality of chambers arranged side by side, and different amounts of water are injected into the chambers at different positions during the process of injecting ballast water into the chambers to adjust the floating state of the caisson foundation so as to maintain the floating state.
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| CN201610982633.6A CN108059009B (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Transfer platform for ship cargo transfer and construction method thereof |
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| CN201610982633.6A CN108059009B (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Transfer platform for ship cargo transfer and construction method thereof |
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