CN108054367B - Preparation method of carbon-coated MgFe2O4 negative electrode material for sodium-ion battery - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon-coated MgFe2O4 negative electrode material for sodium-ion battery Download PDF

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CN108054367B
CN108054367B CN201711319652.1A CN201711319652A CN108054367B CN 108054367 B CN108054367 B CN 108054367B CN 201711319652 A CN201711319652 A CN 201711319652A CN 108054367 B CN108054367 B CN 108054367B
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CN108054367A (en
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刘嘉铭
徐志峰
王苏敏
付群强
李雪
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Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon-coated MgFe for a sodium ion battery2O4Dissolving magnesium nitrate, ferric nitrate, a carbon source and a combustion aid in a certain proportion in deionized water to obtain a mixed solution; placing the solution in a microwave oven for experiment, heating to 200-300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-20 min, and calcining the obtained product in an argon atmosphere to obtain carbon-coated MgFe for the sodium ion battery2O4A material. The method has simple process and easy operation, and the obtained material has a certain pore structure and high crystallinity and can enhance the stability of the material; the carbon coating can accelerate the electron transmission speed of sodium ions and increase the electrochemical activity of the material. The method has the advantages of low process cost and simple steps, avoids the defects of complex process, long period, high equipment requirement and the like of a multi-step preparation method, and is suitable for industrial application.

Description

Preparation method of carbon-coated MgFe2O4 negative electrode material for sodium-ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material synthesis and energy, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a carbon-coated MgFe2O4 negative electrode material for a sodium-ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is the most widely applied high-energy battery system at present, but with the aggravation of the dependence of industries such as 3C products, new energy automobiles and the like on the lithium ion battery, the limited lithium resource is bound to face the shortage problem. Sodium is used as a common element, the reserve is several orders of magnitude higher than that of lithium resources, the sodium accounts for about 2.64 percent of the crust, and the sodium is uniformly distributed and easy to refine. Therefore, a lower cost sodium ion battery is a very promising secondary battery.
Sodium ion batteries are still in the research stage, researchers have conducted extensive research on positive electrode materials, but research on negative electrode materials of sodium ion batteries is still in the initial stage. The existing anode material mainly comprises carbon-based materialSuch as petroleum coke, titanium-based materials, such as TiO2And sodium alloy materials, but these materials have a low theoretical capacity (less than 300 mAh/g) and are difficult to meet the requirements of high energy density sodium ion batteries. Research in two recent years shows that the ferrite sodium-ion battery negative electrode material has high practical reversible capacity (higher than 400 mAh/g). Wherein MgFe2O4Has certain representativeness, MgFe2O4The preparation method usually adopts methods such as a solid phase method or a hydrothermal method, and the methods have the problems of complex process, high operation difficulty and low product crystallinity. Plus MgFe2O4The low electron/ion conductivity of (a) results in poor rate performance, limiting its large-scale use on sodium ion battery cathodes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a carbon-coated MgFe2O4 negative electrode material for a sodium-ion battery. The method has simple process, low cost, uniform physical and chemical properties of the product and high crystallinity; in the preparation of MgFe2O4Meanwhile, the carbon is coated on the surface of the material, so that the transmission speed of electrons/ions can be increased, the rate capability can be improved, the electrochemical activity of the material can be enhanced, and the sodium storage stability of the material can be improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps.
(1) Dissolving magnesium nitrate, ferric nitrate, a carbon source and a combustion aid in deionized water according to a ratio, putting the mixed solution into a microwave oven for experiment, heating to 200-300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-20 min to obtain black loose powder.
(2) Calcining the product obtained in the step (1) at high temperature of 150-900 ℃ in an argon atmosphere to obtain carbon-coated MgFe for the sodium-ion battery2O4And (3) a negative electrode material.
Further, the molar ratio of the magnesium nitrate to the ferric nitrate in the step (1) is 1: 2, the molar ratio of the carbon source to the nitrate is 1 (5-15), and the molar ratio of the nitrate to the combustion aid is 1: (1-5).
Further, the combustion aid is at least one of glycine, citric acid and urea.
Further, the carbon source is one or a mixture of two of dopamine and tris. The carbon source has the advantages that the carbon source contains amino and hydroxyl simultaneously, has excellent complexing effect with nitrate, is easy to dissolve in water, and carbon generated by reaction can be well dispersed on the surface of particles.
Further, the calcining conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, and the calcining time is 0.5-5 h.
Further, the carbon-coated MgFe2O4The carbon content in the negative electrode material is 1-10 wt.%.
Further, the carbon-coated MgFe2O4The thickness of the carbon coating layer in the cathode material is 100-2000 nm. The thickness of the carbon coating layer is controlled to be beneficial to improving MgFe2O4The ion and electron transport rates of the negative electrode material are not reduced without decreasing the reversible capacity of the material.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following advantages.
1. The invention uses a combustion method to prepare electrode material and prepare MgFe2O4Meanwhile, the carbon is coated on the surface of the material, and the preparation method is simple, low in cost and high in reaction speed.
2. The carbon coated on the surface of the electrode material is beneficial to accelerating the transmission speed of electrons/ions, thereby not only improving the multiplying power performance of the material, but also enhancing the electrochemical activity and improving the sodium storage stability of the material.
3. Carbon-coated MgFe prepared by the invention2O4The electrode material has strong cycle performance and MgFe2O4The reversible capacity can reach more than 420mAh/g after circulating for 50 weeks under the high current density of 200 mA/g.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is carbon coated MgFe of example 12O4XRD pattern of the negative electrode material.
FIG. 2 is carbon coated MgFe in example 12O4SEM image of the negative electrode material.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an embodimentExample 1 carbon coating of MgFe2O4BET plot of the anode material.
FIG. 4 is carbon coated MgFe in example 12O4And the cycle performance of the negative electrode material at the current density of 200mA/g is shown.
FIG. 5 is carbon coated MgFe in example 22O4And the cycle performance of the negative electrode material at the current density of 200mA/g is shown.
FIG. 6 is MgFe in comparative example2O4And the cycle performance of the negative electrode material at the current density of 200mA/g is shown.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Carbon-coated MgFe for sodium ion battery2O4The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following specific steps.
(1) 2.56g of magnesium nitrate, 8.08g of ferric nitrate, 0.92g of dopamine and 2.25g of glycine are weighed out and dissolved uniformly in deionized water. The solution was placed in an experimental microwave oven and warmed to 200 ℃ and held for 20 min. The mixed solution is burnt to obtain black loose powder.
(2) And (2) calcining the product obtained in the step (1), wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 150 ℃, the calcining time is 2h, and the calcining atmosphere is argon. Cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain carbon-coated MgFe2O4The material contains 7% of carbon, and the thickness of the carbon coating layer is 1500 nm.
Carbon coated MgFe prepared in this example2O4The XRD pattern of the material is shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that MgFe is coated with carbon2O4The material is of a spinel structure and has no impurities, the characteristic peak is sharp, the background is mild, and the crystallinity of the material is high. Carbon coated MgFe prepared in this example2O4The SEM image of the material is shown in FIG. 2. from FIG. 2, it can be seen that the material has a dendritic pore structure. Carbon coated MgFe prepared in this example2O4The specific surface area BET test of the material is shown in FIG. 3, and the material can be calculated by the BET methodHas a specific surface area of 4.0124 m2The pore structure is further proved to improve the specific surface area.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: coating the prepared electrode material with MgFe2O4The material is uniformly mixed with acetylene black and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) according to the mass ratio of 8: 1, a proper amount of deionized water is added to adjust the mixture to slurry, and the slurry is coated on a copper foil to prepare the electrode. The test electrode is dried in a vacuum oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours, and then a battery is packaged in a glove box in a high-purity argon atmosphere, wherein the electrolyte is NaPF6Dissolution in EC: and (3) assembling the mixed solution of DEC (volume ratio of 1: 1) into a CR2016 type button cell by using glass fiber filter paper as a diaphragm and metal sodium as a cell cathode. Discharging and charging conditions: discharged to 0.02V at the same current density and then recharged to 3V, the current density was selected to be 200 mA/g. The above batteries were tested, and the test results are shown in FIG. 4. from FIG. 4, it can be seen that the electrode material prepared according to the method of example 1 was charged and discharged at a current density of 200mA/g, and the reversible capacity remained 435.0mAh/g after 50 cycles, indicating that MgFe is coated with carbon2O4The material has better capacity retention rate and cycling stability.
Example 2
Carbon-coated MgFe for sodium ion battery2O4The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following specific steps.
(1) 2.56g of magnesium nitrate, 8.08g of iron nitrate, 0.21g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 28.82g of citric acid were weighed out and uniformly dissolved in deionized water. The solution was placed in an experimental microwave oven and warmed to 240 ℃ and held for 15 min. The mixed solution is burnt to obtain black loose powder.
(2) And (2) calcining the product obtained in the step (1), wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, the calcining time is 3h, and the calcining atmosphere is argon. Cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain carbon-coated MgFe2O4The material comprises 1% of carbon and 100 nm of a carbon coating layer.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: the electrochemical test of this example was the same as that of example 1, and the test results are shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that MgFe is coated with carbon2O4After the material is circulated for 50 weeks under the current density of 200mA/g, the reversible capacity is kept at 423.2mAh/g, which indicates that MgFe is coated by carbon2O4The material has better capacity retention rate and cycling stability.
Example 3
Carbon-coated MgFe for sodium ion battery2O4The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following specific steps.
(1) 2.56g of magnesium nitrate, 8.08g of ferric nitrate, 0.56g of a mixture of dopamine and tris and 5.74g of citric acid were weighed out and dissolved homogeneously in deionized water. The solution was placed in an experimental microwave oven and warmed to 300 ℃ and held for 10 min. The mixed solution is burnt to obtain black loose powder.
(2) And (2) calcining the product obtained in the step (1), wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 900 ℃, the calcining time is 4.8h, and the calcining atmosphere is argon. Cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain carbon-coated MgFe2O4The material comprises 3% of carbon and 500 nm of a carbon coating layer.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: electrochemical testing for this example was the same as example 1, with this example carbon coated MgFe2O4The reversible capacity of the material at a current density of 200mA/g for 50 weeks was similar to that of example 1, indicating that MgFe is coated with carbon2O4The material has better capacity retention rate and cycling stability.
Example 4
Carbon-coated MgFe for sodium ion battery2O4The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following specific steps.
(1) 2.56g of magnesium nitrate, 8.08g of iron nitrate, 0.71g of a mixture of dopamine and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 10.03g of a mixture of citric acid and urea acid were weighed out and dissolved homogeneously in deionized water. The solution was placed in an experimental microwave oven and warmed to 200 ℃ and held for 20 min. The mixed solution is burnt to obtain black loose powder.
(2) Calcining the product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature rise rate of 8 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 800 ℃ during calciningThe time is 4h, and the calcining atmosphere is argon. Cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain carbon-coated MgFe2O4The material comprises 5% of carbon and a carbon coating layer with the thickness of 1000 nm.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: electrochemical testing for this example was the same as example 1, with this example carbon coated MgFe2O4The reversible capacity of the material at a current density of 200mA/g for 50 weeks was similar to that of example 1, indicating that MgFe was carbon-coated2O4The material has better capacity retention rate and cycling stability.
Example 5
Carbon-coated MgFe for sodium ion battery2O4The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following specific steps.
(1) 2.56g of magnesium nitrate, 8.08g of ferric nitrate, 1.22g of a mixture of dopamine and tris and 12.3g of a mixture of citric acid, glycine and urea were weighed out and dissolved homogeneously in deionized water. The solution was placed in an experimental microwave oven and warmed to 300 ℃ and held for 12 min. The mixed solution is burnt to obtain black loose powder.
(2) And (2) calcining the product obtained in the step (1), wherein the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 900 ℃, the calcining time is 0.5h, and the calcining atmosphere is argon. Cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain carbon-coated MgFe2O4The material comprises 10% of carbon and 2000 nm of carbon coating layer.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: electrochemical testing for this example was the same as example 1, with this example carbon coated MgFe2O4The reversible capacity of the material at a current density of 200mA/g for 50 weeks was similar to that of example 1, indicating that MgFe is coated with carbon2O4The material has better capacity retention rate and cycling stability.
Comparative example 1
Hydrothermal method for preparing MgFe for sodium ion battery2O4The material comprises the following specific steps.
(1) 2.41g of magnesium sulfate and 7.99g of ferric sulfate were weighed and dissolved in 80ml of deionized water, and 90 ml of ethanol was added and mixed to obtain a homogeneous solution.
(2) Adding ammonia water dropwise into the mixed solution in the step (1) at room temperature, and testing the pH value at any time until the pH value is increased to 10, and continuously stirring the reaction for 3 hours. Pouring the solution into a reaction kettle with a teflon lining, heating for reaction for 12 hours at the temperature of 160 ℃.
(3) And (3) washing the product obtained in the step (2) by using deionized water, filtering for 6 times, and drying in a forced air drying oven for 24 hours.
(4) Calcining the product obtained in the step (3) at 500 ℃ for 1h, and cooling the calcined product in a furnace to obtain MgFe for the sodium-ion battery2O4A material.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: the electrochemical performance test of this comparative example was the same as example 1, and the test results are shown in FIG. 6, MgFe2O4The material had a reversible capacity of 253.1mAh/g when cycled at a current density of 200mA/g for 50 weeks.
Comparative example 2
Carbon-coated MgFe for sodium ion battery2O4The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following specific steps.
(1) 2.56g of magnesium nitrate, 8.08g of ferric nitrate, 2.15g of dopamine and 2.25g of glycine were weighed and dissolved uniformly in deionized water. The solution was placed in an experimental microwave oven and warmed to 200 ℃ and held for 20 min. The mixed solution is burnt to obtain black loose powder.
(2) And (2) calcining the product obtained in the step (1), wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 150 ℃, the calcining time is 2h, and the calcining atmosphere is argon. Cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain carbon-coated MgFe2O4The material comprises 17% of carbon and the thickness of a carbon coating layer is 2800 nm.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: electrochemical testing of this comparative example was the same as example 1, the comparative example being carbon coated MgFe2O4The material had a reversible capacity of 380.2 mAh/g, 54.8 mAh/g less than example 1, when cycled at a current density of 200mA/g for 50 weeks.

Claims (4)

1. Be used for sodium ion batteryOf MgFe coated with carbon2O4The preparation method of the negative electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) dissolving magnesium nitrate, ferric nitrate, a carbon source and a combustion aid in deionized water according to a proportion, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium nitrate to the ferric nitrate is 1: 2, the molar ratio of the carbon source to the nitrate is 1 (5-15), and the molar ratio of the nitrate to the combustion aid is 1: (1-5), putting the mixed solution into a microwave oven for experiment, heating to 200-300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-20 min to obtain black loose powder; the carbon source is one or a mixture of two of dopamine and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane;
(2) calcining the product obtained in the step (1) at high temperature of 150-900 ℃ in an argon atmosphere to obtain carbon-coated MgFe for the sodium-ion battery2O4A negative electrode material of the carbon-coated MgFe2O4The thickness of the carbon coating layer in the cathode material is 100-2000 nm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the combustion aid is at least one of glycine, citric acid, and urea.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the calcining conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, and the calcining time is 0.5-5 h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the carbon-coated MgFe2O4The carbon content in the negative electrode material is 1-10 wt.%.
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