CN108052722B - Distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system design method oriented to comprehensive energy efficiency optimization - Google Patents
Distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system design method oriented to comprehensive energy efficiency optimization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system design method oriented to comprehensive energy efficiency optimization, which is characterized by comprising the following contents: firstly, establishing a universal bus model of a distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system; secondly, defining a comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system; establishing a double-layer optimization design model for a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency; and fourthly, solving a double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency by using an optimal algorithm. The distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy optimization method is reasonable in design, the comprehensive energy efficiency index is defined by establishing the universal bus model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy, the optimization model is established, and finally the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy optimization method based on the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optimal configuration of distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy systems, and particularly relates to a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system design method oriented to optimal comprehensive energy efficiency.
Background
The energy industry is not only a necessary prerequisite for national strategic safety, but also an important guarantee for realizing economic sustainable development. Although the energy production and consumption of China are in the forefront of the world, a series of outstanding problems exist in energy supply and utilization modes, such as unreasonable energy structure, low energy utilization efficiency, low renewable energy development and utilization ratio, and further improvement on the energy safety utilization level. Therefore, the conversion from the traditional extensive energy utilization mode to the refined, decentralized and sustainable energy utilization mode has important significance. The distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system is a novel energy system, integrates various energy devices, can realize gradient utilization of energy, and achieves higher energy utilization efficiency. At present, a combined cooling heating and power system, a multi-energy complementary micro-grid and a park which are widely applied are typical applications of a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system. The development of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system can play a positive role in reducing environmental pollution, enhancing energy safety and optimizing an energy structure, and can provide an effective technical means for greatly reducing energy consumption in a short period. The design link is the first step of the construction and operation of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system. The quality of the design scheme directly influences the operation quality and the economic benefit of the system, and each link of the system is optimized and coordinated in the design, so that the engineering cost can be reduced, and powerful support can be provided for the later operation of the system.
At present, domestic and foreign researches have some defects when the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system is optimized, for example, most design schemes mainly adopt the design of a system power link, a heating power part is only used for processing equivalent load, the consideration on operation constraint and scheme optimization is relatively simple, the effective connection and complementary characteristics among energy links are difficult to embody, and the design efficiency is directly influenced. Meanwhile, the system design usually focuses on the optimization of economic cost or environmental protection cost, the optimization of the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system is less considered, and the index is the key focus content of the application and popularization of the distributed hybrid energy system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a reasonable design method of a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to optimal comprehensive energy efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the design method of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency comprises the following contents:
firstly, establishing a universal bus model of a distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system;
secondly, defining a comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
establishing a double-layer optimization design model for a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency;
and fourthly, solving a double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency by using an optimal algorithm.
As a preferred mode, the first step of establishing a universal bus model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system includes:
(1) determining the composition and structural characteristics of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of dividing various devices in a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system into four types, namely a source type, a converter type, an energy storage type and a load type, dividing a bus into an electric bus, a cold bus and a hot bus according to an energy transfer medium, and further constructing a general bus type structure of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
(3) obtaining an energy flow balance relational expression in the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system based on the results of the electric bus, the cold bus and the hot bus;
secondly, defining comprehensive energy efficiency indexes of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system, including:
(1) determining the fossil energy input amount of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system;
(2) determining the total cold, heat and electricity requirements of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system and the heat, cold and electricity exchange quantity between the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system and an external system;
(3) establishing a comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system;
establishing a double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency comprises the following steps:
(1) determining an inner layer operation optimization model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
(2) determining an outer layer optimal configuration model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
and fourthly, solving a double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency by using a genetic algorithm.
As a preferable mode, the method for establishing the universal bus model of the cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system includes:
1) determining an establishing principle of a universal bus model of the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system: the invention describes the composition and structural characteristics of a distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system for a system, adopts a bus expression mode, classifies the buses according to the types of energy transfer media, and classifies the buses according to the functions of equipment in the energy conversion process; following this principle, the present invention divides the devices into four types, source, converter, energy storage and load; the bus is divided into an electric bus, a cold bus and a hot bus according to the type of an energy transfer medium to form a system composition structure represented by a bus type structure, and the connection mode and the coupling relation among all equipment, the energy flow relation among all the equipment and the energy conversion process among different media can be visually described;
2) determining an electric bus power balance equation:
in the formula, PgridThe power consumption of the power grid is represented as power purchasing or power selling (kW), wherein the power purchasing time is positive, and the power selling time is negative; pELRepresenting the system electrical load (kW),
representing the input electric power (kW), P of the electric refrigeratorpvRepresents the injected power (kW), P of the photovoltaic power generation systemgenFor the power (kW) generated by the micro-combustor,
indicates the input electric power (kW) and P of the double-working-condition refrigeratorES,CAnd PES,DRespectively battery charge and discharge power (kW);
3) determining a thermal bus power balance equation:
in the formula, alphagenIs the thermoelectric ratio of the micro-combustion engine set, QGB,heatRepresents the thermal power (kW), Q of the gas boiler outputHLRepresenting the system heat load (kW),
represents the input thermal power (kW), Q of the absorption refrigeratorSD.heatAnd QSC.heatRespectively the output and input thermal power (kW) of the thermal storage system;
4) determining a cold bus power balance equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the cold power (kW) output by the double-working-condition refrigerator,
is the cold power (kW) output by the electric refrigerator,
for cold power output from absorption refrigerators, QCLFor system cooling load, QSD.coldQSC.coldAnd QSC.coldThe output and input cold power (kW) of the cold accumulation system are respectively.
As a preferred mode, the method for defining the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system includes:
1) calculating the cooling capacity requirement of the system:
Dc＝D′c+Cs(1-ηc,s)
in the formula, DcCold energy provided for the system, D'cFor the cold requirement of the system, CsIs the cold storage capacity of the system etac,sIs the efficiency of the cold storage system;
2) calculating the heat demand of the system:
Dh＝D'h+Hs(1-ηh,s)
in the formula, DhHeat provided to the system, D'hFor the heat requirement of the system, HsFor system heat storage, ηh,sThe efficiency of the thermal storage system;
3) power requirements of the computing system:
De,0＝D′e,0+Es(1-ηe,s)
in the formula, De,0Providing power, D ', to the system'e,0For system power requirements, EsIs the system charge capacity, ηe,sIs the efficiency of the electrical storage system;
4) calculating energy demand input of the system:
Fi＝FGB+Fgen
Ei＝E-FgenηCHP,e-Se
E＝Eh+Ec+E0
E0＝De,0
t＝Ec·EERc/Dc(0≤t≤1)
in the formula, FiFor input of fuel quantity, FGBFor the amount of fuel used in the gas boiler, FgenThe amount of fuel in the micro-combustion unit, EiFor external input of power, E is total power demand, SeFor the solar power generation capacity, EhFor the system to be used for heating demand, EcFor the system to supply refrigeration demand, E0The system being arranged to fix the power demand, ηbEfficiency of heat production for gas boilers, etaCHP,eEfficiency of electricity production, COP, for micro-combustion engine groupscFor the efficiency of an absorption chiller, t is the ratio of the cooling capacity provided by the electric refrigeration technology to the total cooling capacity requirement, EERcIs the efficiency of the electric refrigerator;
5) calculating the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system:
energy efficiency index eta of distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy systemtScaling the ratio of the total cold, heat, electricity demand to the fossil energy input after coalification;
in the formula, thetafAnd thetaeRespectively the input fossil fuel and the reduced standard coal coefficient of the power supplied by the national power grid, assuming that the input fuel is fuel gas, thetaf1, when the thermal power of the national power grid accounts for 75%, thetaeTaking 1.95; xcLoss of cold energy for transmission; xhThermal energy loss for transmission; xe,oIs a loss of transmitted electrical energy.
As a preferred mode, the method for establishing the double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency includes:
1) determining an inner layer operation optimization model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
the objective function of the inner-layer optimization scheduling model is eta of the system in the planning periodtOptimally:
fη＝maxηt
in the formula, N is the step number;
2) determining an outer layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
the economic cost is composed of two parts of the running cost of all equipment of the system and the cost purchased from the power grid in the whole planning period:
fc＝CTEI+Cgrid
in the formula (f)cAs an objective function corresponding to economic costs, CTEIFor annual plant operating costs ($), CgridTo be from the power gridElectricity purchase cost ($);
annual equipment operating costs CTEIIncluding the facility fuel consumption cost Cfuel($), annual operating maintenance charge CONM($) and annual cost C of initial investment of equipmentC($)：
CTEI＝CC+CONM+Cfuel
Facility fuel consumption cost CfuelThe calculation formula is as follows:
Cfuel,ithe fuel consumption cost for the ith equipment; qELConsuming electrical energy for the load; c. Cfuel,iA cost per unit of fuel consumed for the class i device;
operating maintenance cost CONMThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, CONM,i(ii) a maintenance cost ($) for operation of the ith device;
equivalent cost C for initial investment of equipmentCThe ($) calculation is:
in the formula, CI,iInitial investment cost ($), r for the ith equipmentCR,iIs the capital recovery factor, r is the discount rate, liThe expected value of the operation life of the ith device;
in the formula, Cgrid,iThe electricity purchase/sale cost ($) for the ith device,
the price ($/(kW. h)), P) of electricity purchase/sale in the current time periodgrid,iFor the ith plant electrical power (kW), Δ t is the time step (h).
As shown in fig. 1, a general bus structure of a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system includes a micro-gas turbine, a gas boiler, a motor refrigeration device, an ice storage air conditioning system, an electrical energy storage device, an absorption refrigerator, an electrical bus, a cold bus and a hot bus; the ice storage air conditioning system comprises a dual-working-condition refrigerator and ice storage equipment which are sequentially connected;
the electric bus is respectively connected with the electric energy storage device, the dual-working-condition refrigerator, the motor refrigeration device and the micro-gas turbine, and is also connected with the power grid and the solar power generation system;
the cold bus is respectively connected with the ice storage device, the dual-working-condition refrigerator, the motor refrigeration device, the absorption refrigerator and the cold load;
the heat bus is respectively connected with the gas boiler, the micro-combustion engine, the absorption refrigerator and the heat load.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy optimization method is reasonable in design, the comprehensive energy efficiency index is defined by establishing the universal bus model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy, the optimization model is established, and finally the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy optimization method based on the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general bus structure diagram of a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
FIG. 2 is a typical daily (working, rush, holiday) electrical load curve for each month;
FIG. 3 is a typical daily (weekday, rush day, holiday) thermal load curve for each month;
FIG. 4 is a typical day of each month (working day, rush day, rest day) cold load curve;
fig. 5 is a comprehensive energy efficiency index of three configuration schemes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
A distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system optimization design method oriented to comprehensive energy efficiency optimization comprises the following contents:
firstly, establishing a universal bus model of a distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system:
the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system equipment comprises a micro-gas turbine, a gas boiler, photovoltaic power generation, an absorption refrigerator, an electric refrigerator, a storage battery and an ice storage system.
According to the establishment principle of the universal bus model of the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system: the invention divides the equipment into four types of source, converter, energy storage and load; the bus is divided into an electric bus, a cold bus and a hot bus according to the type of an energy transfer medium to form a system composition structure represented by a bus type structure, and the connection mode and the coupling relation among all equipment, the energy flow relation among all the equipment and the energy conversion process among different media can be visually described. As shown in fig. 1, the symbols in fig. 1 are illustrated as follows:
Pgridthe power consumption of the power grid is represented as power purchasing or power selling (kW), wherein the power purchasing time is positive, and the power selling time is negative;
PELrepresenting the system electrical load (kW);
PPVrepresenting the active output of the photovoltaic power generation system;
PES,Cand PES,DRespectively battery charge and discharge power (kW);
QIS.Drepresents the refrigeration capacity (kW) of the ice storage facility;
αgenthe thermoelectric ratio of the micro-combustion engine set is set;
QHLrepresenting the system heat load (kW).
Determining the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
according to the general bus model of the system shown in fig. 1, obtaining the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
1) calculating the cooling capacity requirement of the system:
Dc＝D′c+Cs(1-ηc,s)
in the formula, DcCold energy provided for the system, D'cFor the cold requirement of the system, CsIs the cold storage capacity of the system etac,sThe efficiency of the cold storage system.
2) Calculating the heat demand of the system:
Dh＝D'h+Hs(1-ηh,s)
in the formula, DhHeat provided to the system, D'hFor the heat requirement of the system, HsFor system heat storage, ηh,sIs the efficiency of the thermal storage system.
3) Power requirements of the computing system:
De,0＝D′e,0+Es(1-ηe,s)
in the formula, De,0Providing power, D ', to the system'eFor system power requirements, EsIs the system charge capacity, ηe,sIs the efficiency of the electrical storage system.
4) Calculating energy demand input of the system:
Fi＝FGB+Fgen
Ei＝E-FgenηCHP,e-Se
E＝Eh+Ec+E0
E0＝De,0
t＝Ec·EERc/Dc(0≤t≤1)
in the formula, FiFor input of fuel quantity, FGBFor the amount of fuel used in the gas boiler, FgenThe amount of fuel in the micro-combustion unit, EiFor external input of power, E is total power demand, SeFor the solar power generation capacity, EhFor the system to be used for heating demand, EcFor the system to supply refrigeration demand, E0The system being arranged to fix the power demand, ηbEfficiency of heat production for gas boilers, etaCHP,eEfficiency of electricity production, COP, for micro-combustion engine groupscFor the efficiency of an absorption chiller, t is the ratio of the cooling capacity provided by the electric refrigeration technology to the total cooling capacity requirement, EERcEfficiency of electric refrigerators, etaCHP,hThe efficiency of heat generated by the micro-combustion engine group.
5) Calculating the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system:
energy efficiency index eta of distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy systemtIs the ratio of the total cold, heat, electricity demand to the fossil energy input (equivalent standard coal).
In the formula, thetafAnd thetaeRespectively the input fossil fuel and the reduced standard coal coefficient of the power supplied by the national power grid, assuming that the input fuel is fuel gas, thetaf1, when the thermal power of the national power grid accounts for 75%, thetaeTaking 1.95; xcLoss of cold energy for transmission; xhThermal energy loss for transmission; xe,oLoss of electrical energy for transmission;
the system load comprises an electric load, a heat load and a cold load, and specific values of the load in each month in a typical day are shown in figures 2, 3 and 4. Specifically, the historical statistical data of a planning system is adopted for obtaining during determination, and the energy utilization data of the day with the largest electricity utilization/heat/cold capacity in one month is used as the load value of the electricity utilization/heat/cold capacity in the peak day; the average value of the electricity/heat/cold consumption of all working days (except weekends and holidays) in one month is used as the load value of the electricity/heat/cold consumption of the working days; the average value of the electricity/heat/cold consumption on all rest days (including weekends and holidays) in one month is used as the electricity/heat/cold consumption load value on the rest days;
the light condition is shown in the table A-1, the current rate r is 0.06, the electricity price is 0.091$/kWh, the gas price is 0.0569$/m3。
TABLE A-1 typical daily light levels for each month
Determining a double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency:
1) determining an inner layer operation optimization model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
the objective function of the inner-layer optimization scheduling model is eta of the system in the planning periodtOptimally:
fη＝maxηt
2) determining an outer layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
the economic cost is composed of two parts of the running cost of all equipment of the system and the cost purchased from the power grid in the whole planning period:
fc＝CTEI+Cgrid
fourthly, determining a design scheme of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency as shown in the table A-2, wherein the corresponding comprehensive energy efficiency index is shown in the figure 3:
TABLE A-2 System optimization configuration scheme
Tab.3 Design Scheme
According to the results of the configuration scheme, the comparison results of configuration I, configuration II and configuration III show that: the increase of the number of the micro-combustion engines can increase the economic current value of the whole life cycle of the system on one hand, and reduce the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system on the other hand due to the lower pollution discharge level of the micro-combustion engines compared with a large power grid; the three optimization configurations optimize the photovoltaic capacity to the maximum value set by the system, and the corresponding unit price of photovoltaic power generation is 0.122$/(kWh), which indicates that the photovoltaic power generation has good economic performance and environmental protection performance; on the contrary, the optimization result of the battery capacity is smaller (or 0), which indicates that although the battery has better load balancing and peak clipping and valley filling functions, the current price of the battery cannot bring economic benefit and high energy efficiency to the distributed combined cooling heating and power system, and the battery is not suitable for the distributed combined cooling, heating and power energy system from the perspective of comprehensive energy efficiency.
In addition, the sequential reduction of the economic performance of the configuration I, the configuration II and the configuration III is also influenced by the reduction of the capacity of the ice storage equipment of the ice storage air conditioning system and the increase of the capacity of the absorption refrigerator, because the ice storage air conditioning system has low price and high refrigeration efficiency compared with the absorption refrigerator, and simultaneously, the economic cost can be reduced by adjusting the ice storage time period (namely cold load transfer); the absorption refrigerating machine mainly utilizes part of the heat recovered by the gas turbine generator, so the capacity of the absorption refrigerating machine is increased along with the sequential increase of the number of the gas turbine generators in the three configuration schemes, thereby increasing the economic cost of the system. The size of the boiler capacity is also closely related to the number of micro-combustion engines, the number of the micro-combustion engines is increased, and the boiler capacity is reduced.
Fig. 5 shows the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the three configuration schemes, and it can be seen that the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system is gradually reduced as the number of micro-combustion engines is increased.
The invention provides a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system design method for optimizing comprehensive energy efficiency, and the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system is introduced during design, so that a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system operation-design double-layer optimization model for optimizing comprehensive energy efficiency is further provided, the comprehensive energy efficiency of an inner layer system is optimized to achieve optimized scheduling of the system, and the operation cost of all devices of the system and the cost purchased from a power grid in a planning period of the system in the whole planning period are optimized to serve as targets for effectively improving the reliability of an optimized configuration scheme of the cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The design method of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency is characterized by comprising the following contents:
firstly, establishing a universal bus model of a distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the composition and structural characteristics of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of dividing various devices in a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system into four types, namely a source type, a converter type, an energy storage type and a load type, dividing a bus into an electric bus, a cold bus and a hot bus according to an energy transfer medium, and further constructing a general bus type structure of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
(3) obtaining an energy flow balance relational expression in the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system based on the results of the electric bus, the cold bus and the hot bus;
secondly, defining a comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
(1) determining the fossil energy input amount of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system;
(2) determining the total cold, heat and electricity requirements of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system and the heat, cold and electricity exchange quantity between the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system and an external system;
(3) establishing a comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system;
the method for defining the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the cooling capacity requirement of the system:
Dc＝D′c+Cs(1-ηc,s)
in the formula, DcCold energy provided for the system, D'cFor the cold requirement of the system, CsIs the cold storage capacity of the system etac,sIs the efficiency of the cold storage system;
2) calculating the heat demand of the system:
Dh＝D′h+Hs(1-ηh,s)
in the formula, DhHeat provided to the system, D'hFor the heat requirement of the system, HsFor system heat storage, ηh,sThe efficiency of the thermal storage system;
3) power requirements of the computing system:
De,0＝D′e,0+Es(1-ηe,s)
in the formula, De,0Providing power, D ', to the system'e,0Is system powerRequirement, EsIs the system charge capacity, ηe,sIs the efficiency of the electrical storage system;
4) calculating energy demand input of the system:
Fi＝FGB+Fgen
Ei＝E-FgenηCHP,e-Se
E＝Eh+Ec+E0
E0＝De,0
t＝Ec·EERc/Dc,0≤t≤1
in the formula, FiFor input of fuel quantity, FGBFor the amount of fuel used in the gas boiler, FgenThe amount of fuel in the micro-combustion unit, EiFor external input of power, E is total power demand, SeFor the solar power generation capacity, EhFor the system to be used for heating demand, EcFor the system to supply refrigeration demand, E0The system being arranged to fix the power demand, ηbEfficiency of heat production for gas boilers, etaCHP,eEfficiency of electricity production for micro-combustion engine set, etaCHP,hEfficiency of heat production, COP, for micro-combustion engine groupscFor the efficiency of an absorption chiller, t is the ratio of the cooling capacity provided by the electric refrigeration technology to the total cooling capacity requirement, EERcIs the efficiency of the electric refrigerator;
5) calculating the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system:
energy efficiency index eta of distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy systemtScaling the ratio of the total cold, heat, electricity demand to the fossil energy input after coalification;
in the formula, thetafAnd thetaeRespectively the input fossil fuel and the reduced standard coal coefficient of the power supplied by the national power grid, assuming that the input fuel is fuel gas, thetaf1, when the thermal power of the national power grid accounts for 75%, thetaeTaking 1.95; xcLoss of cold energy for transmission; xhThermal energy loss for transmission; xe,oLoss of electrical energy for transmission;
establishing a double-layer optimization design model for a distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency;
and fourthly, solving a double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency by using an optimal algorithm.
2. The design method of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method for establishing the double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency comprises the following steps:
(1) determining an inner layer operation optimization model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
(2) determining an outer layer optimal configuration model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system;
and solving a double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system with optimal comprehensive energy efficiency by using a genetic algorithm.
3. The design method of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method for establishing the universal bus model of the cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system comprises the following steps:
1) determining an establishing principle of a universal bus model of the distributed cold, heat and power hybrid energy system: the invention describes the composition and structural characteristics of a distributed cold, heat and electricity hybrid energy system for a system, adopts a bus expression mode, classifies the buses according to the types of energy transfer media, and classifies the buses according to the functions of equipment in the energy conversion process; following this principle, the present invention divides the devices into four types, source, converter, energy storage and load; the bus is divided into an electric bus, a cold bus and a hot bus according to the type of an energy transfer medium to form a system composition structure represented by a bus type structure, and the connection mode and the coupling relation among all equipment, the energy flow relation among all the equipment and the energy conversion process among different media can be visually described;
2) determining an electric bus power balance equation:
in the formula, PgridThe power of the power grid is represented, wherein the power is purchased positively and sold negatively; pELThe electrical load of the system is represented,
representing electric power input to the electric refrigerator, PpvRepresenting the injected power, P, of the photovoltaic power generation systemgenIn order to generate the power by the micro-combustor,
indicating the input electric power, P, of a two-condition refrigeratorES,CAnd PES,DRespectively the charge and discharge power of the battery;
3) determining a thermal bus power balance equation:
in the formula, alphagenIs the thermoelectric ratio of the micro-combustion engine set, QGB,heatIndicating the thermal power, Q, output by the gas boilerHLThe thermal load of the system is represented,
indicating the heat input power, Q, of the absorption chillerSD.heatAnd QSC.heatRespectively the output and input heat of the heat storage systemPower;
4) determining a cold bus power balance equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the cold power output by the dual-working condition refrigerator,
is the cold power output by the electric refrigerator,
for cold power output from absorption refrigerators, QCLFor system cooling load, QSD.coldAnd QSC.coldRespectively the output and input cold power of the cold accumulation system.
4. The design method of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method for establishing the double-layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system oriented to the optimal comprehensive energy efficiency comprises the following steps:
1) determining an inner layer operation optimization model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
the objective function of the inner-layer optimization scheduling model is eta of the system in the planning periodtOptimally:
fη＝maxηt
in the formula, N is the step number;
2) determining an outer layer optimization design model of the distributed cooling, heating and power hybrid energy system:
the economic cost is composed of two parts of the running cost of all equipment of the system and the cost purchased from the power grid in the whole planning period:
fc＝CTEI+Cgrid
in the formula (f)cAs an objective function corresponding to economic costs, CTEIFor annual plant operating costs, CgridA cost for purchasing electricity from the grid;
annual equipment operating costs CTEIIncluding the facility fuel consumption cost CfuelAnnual operating maintenance cost CONMAnnual cost C equal to initial investment of equipmentC：
CTEI＝CC+CONM+Cfuel
Facility fuel consumption cost CfuelThe calculation formula is as follows:
Cfuel,ithe fuel consumption cost for the ith equipment; qELConsuming electrical energy for the load; c. Cfuel,iA cost per unit of fuel consumed for the class i device;
operating maintenance cost CONMThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, CONM,iOperating and maintaining costs for the ith device;
equivalent cost C for initial investment of equipmentCThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, CI,iInitial investment cost for the ith plant, rCR,iIs the capital recovery factor, r is the discount rate, liThe expected value of the operation life of the ith device;
in the formula, Cgrid,iThe electricity purchase/sale fee for the ith equipment,
the unit price of electricity purchase/sale in the current time period, Pgrid,iFor the ith plant electric power, Δ t is a time step.
5. A distributed cold, thermal and electrical hybrid energy system universal bus structure applied to the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the system comprises a micro-gas turbine, a gas boiler, a motor refrigerating device, an ice storage air conditioning system, an electric energy storage device, an absorption refrigerator, an electric bus, a cold bus and a hot bus; the ice storage air conditioning system comprises a dual-working-condition refrigerator and ice storage equipment which are sequentially connected;
the electric bus is respectively connected with the electric energy storage device, the dual-working-condition refrigerator, the motor refrigeration device and the micro-gas turbine, and is also connected with the power grid and the solar power generation system;
the cold bus is respectively connected with the ice storage device, the dual-working-condition refrigerator, the motor refrigeration device, the absorption refrigerator and the cold load;
the heat bus is respectively connected with the gas boiler, the micro-combustion engine, the absorption refrigerator and the heat load.
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