CN108051962B - Display panel and display device - Google Patents

Display panel and display device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108051962B
CN108051962B CN201810008260.1A CN201810008260A CN108051962B CN 108051962 B CN108051962 B CN 108051962B CN 201810008260 A CN201810008260 A CN 201810008260A CN 108051962 B CN108051962 B CN 108051962B
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liquid crystal
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display panel
electrode layer
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CN108051962A (en
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谭纪风
王维
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133345—Insulating layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136227—Through-hole connection of the pixel electrode to the active element through an insulation layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133357—Planarisation layers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

The disclosure provides a display panel and a display device, and belongs to the technical field of display. The display panel includes a liquid crystal layer and a first electrode layer disposed at one side in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, the first electrode layer including a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a first direction in each sub-pixel region; the liquid crystal layer in each sub-pixel region is used for forming a liquid crystal color selection grating when a preset voltage is loaded on the plurality of first electrodes in the sub-pixel region, the liquid crystal color selection grating is used for forming transmission light emitted along the preset light emitting direction of the sub-pixel when preset light is incident, and the color of the transmission light is the color of the sub-pixel region where the liquid crystal color selection grating is located. The liquid crystal display device can solve the problem that the arrangement of the grating structure can bring adverse effects to the display product, and is beneficial to realizing a liquid crystal display product with higher transparency and lighter weight.

Description

Display panel and display device
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of display, and in particular, to a display panel and a display device.
Background
In the related art, transparent Display of Virtual Reality (VR) or Augmented Reality (AR) is generally implemented by a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel or an Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) panel with a conventional structure. In conventional transparent LCD products, a grating structure is required to perform functions such as coupling light out of a light guide or deflecting light in a specific direction. However, the presence of the grating structure may have some adverse effects on the orientation of the liquid crystal.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a display panel and a device, which are beneficial to solving the problem that the arrangement of a grating structure in a transparent liquid crystal display product can bring adverse effects.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a display panel, which includes a plurality of sub-pixel regions, each of the sub-pixel regions having a color and a predetermined light-emitting direction; the display panel includes a liquid crystal layer and a first electrode layer disposed at one side in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, the first electrode layer including a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a first direction in each of the sub-pixel regions;
the liquid crystal layer in each sub-pixel region is used for forming a liquid crystal color selection grating when preset voltage is loaded on the plurality of first electrodes in the sub-pixel region, the liquid crystal color selection grating is used for forming transmission light emitted along the preset light emitting direction of the sub-pixel when preset light is incident, and the color of the transmission light is the color of the sub-pixel region where the liquid crystal color selection grating is located.
In a possible implementation manner, the grating period of the liquid crystal color selection grating is n times of the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent first electrodes in the sub-pixel area, wherein n is 0.5 or any positive integer.
In one possible implementation manner, the display panel further includes a first substrate and a light guide layer, the first substrate is configured to receive external light on a side surface in the first direction to form the predetermined light incident to the liquid crystal layer in the plurality of sub-pixel regions; the light guide layer is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the first substrate; the refractive index of the material of the light guide layer is larger than that of the material of the first substrate.
In one possible implementation manner, the display panel further includes a common electrode layer and a first insulating layer, the common electrode layer is located on one side of the first electrode layer, which is far away from the liquid crystal layer, and the first insulating layer is located between the first electrode layer and the common electrode layer.
In a possible implementation manner, the display panel further includes a transistor device layer and a first insulating layer, the transistor device layer is located on a side of the first electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer, the first insulating layer is located between the first electrode layer and the transistor device layer, and a via hole for electrically connecting the preset voltage to the first electrode is disposed in the first insulating layer.
In one possible implementation manner, the display panel further includes a first alignment layer and a first planarization layer, the first planarization layer is located on one side of the first electrode layer close to the liquid crystal layer, and the first alignment layer is located between the first planarization layer and the liquid crystal layer.
In one possible implementation manner, the display panel further includes a second electrode layer located on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the first electrode layer; the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrodes arranged in the first direction in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes are interleaved with each other.
In one possible implementation manner, the display panel further includes a second substrate, a second planarization layer, and a second alignment layer, the second electrode layer is located between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the second planarization layer covers surfaces of the second substrate and the second electrode layer on a side close to the liquid crystal layer, and the second alignment layer is located between the second planarization layer and the liquid crystal layer.
In one possible implementation manner, the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrodes arranged along the first direction in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes are staggered with each other; or, the second electrode layer is fully distributed in each sub-pixel region, and the second electrode layer is used for loading a common voltage.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a display device, which includes any one of the display panels described in the first aspect.
According to the technical scheme, the liquid crystal color selection grating can be formed when the first electrode is loaded with the driving voltage through the liquid crystal layer, and the expected emergent light is formed based on the preset light from the backlight source, so that the selection of the emergent light direction and the emergent light color can be realized by using the liquid crystal grating instead of the traditional grating, the problem that the display product is adversely affected by the arrangement of the grating structure can be solved, and the liquid crystal display product with higher transparency and lighter weight can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display principle of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal color-selecting grating formed in a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal color-selecting grating formed in a display panel according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the disclosure without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in this disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or similar words means that the element or item preceding the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or items.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display principle of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 1, the display panel 100 may form display light converging to a viewing point located above the display panel 100 by using light source light incident from the left side surface, so that an observer can see a picture displayed by the display panel 100 when the eyes of the observer are located at the viewing point. In the display device shown in fig. 2, the display panel 100 includes a plurality of sub-pixel regions Px, and when displaying in the above manner, each of the sub-pixel regions Px emits monochromatic light with a corresponding gray scale value toward the viewing point to form a picture display, so that each of the sub-pixel regions Px has an emitted light color and an expected light emitting direction. For example, when the display panel has at least one predetermined viewpoint, the color of each sub-pixel region in the display panel and the preset light emitting direction can be determined; the expected display function is realized by enabling each sub-pixel area to emit light which belongs to the color of the sub-pixel area and has an expected gray scale value along the preset light emitting direction of the sub-pixel area.
Referring to fig. 1, the display panel 100 includes a lower substrate 11, a liquid crystal layer 12, an upper substrate 13, and a first electrode layer 14 sequentially stacked in a thickness direction, wherein the first electrode layer 14 includes a plurality of first electrodes arranged along a first direction (which may be a left-to-right direction or a right-to-left direction in fig. 1) in each sub-pixel region. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the lower substrate 11 provides a predetermined light (which may have at least one of a desired propagation direction, a desired polarization state, a desired wavelength range, and a desired light intensity) incident to the liquid crystal layer 12 based on the light source light incident from the left side surface, and the liquid crystal layer 12 in each sub-pixel region is configured to form a liquid crystal color selection grating when a predetermined voltage is applied to the plurality of first electrodes in the sub-pixel region, where the liquid crystal color selection grating is configured to form a transmission light exiting along a predetermined light exiting direction of the sub-pixel when the predetermined light is incident, and a color of the transmission light is a color of the sub-pixel region where the liquid crystal color selection grating is located. It should be understood that, according to the structure shown in fig. 1, the transmitted light passing through the liquid crystal layer 12 needs to pass through the upper substrate 13 before exiting from the display panel 100, and the propagation direction of the light may change in the process, so the propagation direction of the transmitted light does not necessarily completely coincide with the predetermined light exiting direction, but has at least a one-to-one relationship known in advance.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal color-selecting grating formed in a display panel according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, the liquid crystal molecules 121 in the liquid crystal layer have a refractive index anisotropy property, e.g., a refractive index n at ordinary light depending on a refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 121 with respect to the same light beamoAnd refractive index n of extraordinary rayseTo change between. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 121 are also deflected by an electric field in the environment. For example, fig. 3 shows the approximate deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 121 under the electric field formed between the adjacent first electrodes 141 when a preset voltage is applied to the first electrodes 141. It can be seen that the liquid crystal molecules 121 outside the range of influence of the electric field still maintain the initial directional alignment, and the refractive index for the incident predetermined light can be regarded as a fixed value; after the liquid crystal molecules 121 within the electric field influence range are deflected, a liquid crystal lens is formed between two adjacent first electrodes 141, and the refractive index of the incident predetermined light shows a regular change according to the electric field distribution compared with the fixed value. Thus, the liquid crystal molecules 121 within the range of influence of the electric field can form a desired liquid crystal lens by designing the positional arrangement of the first electrode 141 and the applied voltage; by the plurality of first electrodes 141 arranged in the first direction, a liquid crystal lens group arranged in the first direction can be formed, so that a desired liquid crystal color selection grating can be formed to realize the above-mentioned optical function. It can be seen that, since the center-to-center distance between the adjacent liquid crystal lenses in the first direction, that is, the center-to-center distance between the adjacent first electrodes 141, the grating period of the liquid crystal color selection grating coincides with the center-to-center distance between the adjacent first electrodes in the first direction.
In yet another example, three or more first electrodes arranged in series may collectively form an electric field distribution corresponding to one liquid crystal color selection lens, for example, a first electrode and a third first electrode of the three first electrodes are applied with the same voltage, and a second first electrode is applied with a higher or lower voltage, so as to form an electric field distribution capable of forming one liquid crystal color selection lens in the vicinity of the three first electrodes.
In yet another example, the display panel further includes a common electrode layer on a side of the first electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer, so that left and right sides of each first electrode may each form an electric field distribution corresponding to one liquid crystal color selection lens (both ends of an electric field line are the first electrode and the common electrode layer, respectively).
In addition, the grating periods of the liquid crystal color selection gratings in the same sub-pixel region may be different, for example, the liquid crystal color selection gratings corresponding to the above-mentioned three consecutive first electrodes may be alternately arranged with the liquid crystal color selection gratings corresponding to the two adjacent first electrodes in the same sub-pixel region.
From the above situation, the grating period of the liquid crystal color selection grating may be n times of the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent first electrodes in the sub-pixel region, where n is 0.5 or any positive integer.
In one example, the incident angle of a predetermined light ray (angle between the light ray and the normal of the liquid crystal layer plane) incident into the liquid crystal layer of a certain sub-pixel region is θiThe incident spatial refractive index (refractive index of a medium in which a predetermined light ray is incident) is niThe wavelength corresponding to the color of the sub-pixel region is λ (for example, 650 nm for red, 450 nm for blue, and 532 nm for green), and the angle between the transmitted light from the display panel and the normal of the liquid crystal layer plane is θdThe equivalent refractive index of the medium between the exit surface of the liquid crystal color selection grating and the exit surface of the display panel (for example, when the refractive indexes of a plurality of media are very close, the average value of the respective refractive indexes can be taken as the equivalent refractive index) is ndThe diffraction order of the transmitted light with respect to the liquid crystal color selection grating is m (which may be pre-selected, m is 0, +1/-1, +2/-2, …), and can be determined according to the following formula
nisinθi-ndsinθd＝m*λ/Λ
The grating period Λ of the liquid crystal color selection grating is calculated, and the center distance between every two adjacent first electrodes in the plurality of first electrodes in each sub-pixel region is set accordingly.
Further, fig. 3 shows the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules when a preset voltage is applied to the first electrode, and it can be inferred that: when no voltage is applied to the first electrode, the liquid crystal molecules are approximately all aligned in the initial direction, and thus the ability of forming a transmitted light ray emitted along the preset light emitting direction of the sub-pixel when a preset light ray is incident is lost, wherein the color of the transmitted light ray is the color of the sub-pixel region where the liquid crystal color selection grating is located. Therefore, the situation that the light intensity of the formed transmission light is maximum when a preset voltage is loaded on the first electrode can be taken as the situation that the sub-pixel displays the maximum gray-scale value, and the situation that no voltage is loaded on the first electrode can be taken as the situation that the sub-pixel displays the maximum gray-scale value, so that the control of displaying the gray-scale value by the sub-pixel is realized. It should be understood that, in the case that the grating period is fixed with the arrangement of the first electrodes, it is the refractive index distribution inside the liquid crystal layer that changes when different preset voltages are applied, so that it is possible to apply different voltages to the first electrodes in the prepared display panel and measure the corresponding light emitting brightness at the view point by means of experimental measurement, for example, to complete the configuration of the corresponding relationship between the preset voltages and the display gray scale values. In addition, different sub-pixel regions can have different projection lengths in the first direction to adapt to the requirements of the liquid crystal color selection grating in different sub-pixel regions on the number of grating periods.
It can be seen that, because the liquid crystal layer can form the liquid crystal color-selecting grating when the first electrode is loaded with the driving voltage, and form the expected emergent light based on the predetermined light from the backlight source, the embodiment of the disclosure can realize the selection of the emergent light direction and the emergent light color by using the liquid crystal grating instead of the conventional grating, thereby solving the problem that the arrangement of the grating structure can bring adverse effects to the display product, and being beneficial to realizing a liquid crystal display product with higher transparency and lighter weight.
It should be noted that fig. 1 shows the positional relationship of the first electrode layer 14 on one side of the liquid crystal layer 12 in the thickness direction in a simplified manner, but the first electrode layer 14 is not necessarily provided at a position in contact with the liquid crystal layer 12 when the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure is implemented, and any other arrangement of the first electrode layer that can implement a desired electric field distribution in the liquid crystal layer 12 may be implemented.
It should be noted that, in addition to the desired electric field distribution by using the single-sided electrode as shown in fig. 3, the desired electric field distribution can be realized by using the double-sided electrode. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal color-selecting grating formed in a display panel according to another embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 4, a desired electric field distribution in the liquid crystal layer may be achieved by the mutual engagement between the first electrode and the second electrode. For example, the display panel may further include a second electrode layer positioned on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the first electrode layer and including a plurality of second electrodes 151 arranged in the first direction in each sub-pixel region, wherein the plurality of first electrodes 141 and the plurality of second electrodes 151 are interleaved with each other. In one example, the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 151 are each a stripe electrode extending along a direction perpendicular to the first direction (e.g., a direction toward the paper in fig. 3), and a projection area of the first electrode 141 and a projection area of the second electrode 151 are alternately arranged in the first direction on a plane on which the display substrate is located. Thus, a desired electric field distribution in the liquid crystal layer can be achieved by simultaneously applying a predetermined voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode. Specific implementation and other examples thereof may refer to a liquid crystal display device in which electrodes are disposed on both sides of any liquid crystal layer in the related art, and details thereof are not described herein.
It should be further noted that the manner of implementing the predetermined light to be incident on the liquid crystal layer 12 by using the side-in type backlight in fig. 1 is only an example, and the provision of the predetermined light may be implemented by referring to other backlight source structures in the related art according to different requirements. In one example, the lower substrate 11 in fig. 1 is used to receive light emitted from an external light source from the left side surface and to make the light propagate in its interior in a total reflection manner, the light may partially transmit into the liquid crystal layer 12 when reaching the optical structure disposed on the upper surface of the lower substrate 11, and the light intensity at the upper surface of the lower substrate 11 may be distributed in a desired manner by arranging the optical structures in different manners, such as using a wedge-shaped light guide plate to achieve light intensity uniformly distributed on the whole surface of the upper surface of the lower substrate 11 in the implementation manner of a side-in backlight, or providing a grating coupler with corresponding coupling efficiency at a position where light with certain light intensity is required to exit in the light coupling-out manner of a light guide, and the invention is not limited thereto. In addition, each sub-pixel region can be provided with a single preset light ray, and compared with a mode of uniform light emission on the whole surface, the light source device is more favorable for improving the utilization rate of light energy, so that a display product has higher brightness and lower power consumption.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 5, the display panel of the present embodiment includes a first substrate 21, and a light guide layer 22, a common electrode layer 23, a first insulating layer 24, a first electrode layer 25, a first planarizing layer 26, and a first alignment layer 27 sequentially formed on the first substrate 21. When applied to a transparent display product, all the layer structures in the display panel may be formed of a transparent material. The display panel of the present embodiment further includes a second substrate 41, and a second electrode layer 42, a second planarizing layer 43, and a second alignment layer 43 (the first alignment layer 27 and the second alignment layer 44 are used to make the liquid crystal molecules have a desired pretilt angle by having a surface structure) sequentially formed on the second substrate 41. The liquid crystal layer 30 in the display panel is located between the first alignment layer 27 and the second alignment layer 44. Referring to fig. 1, the first substrate 21 and the structure formed on the first substrate 21 in the present embodiment correspond to the combination between the lower substrate 11 and the first electrode layer 14 in fig. 1, and the second substrate 42 and the structure formed on the second substrate 42 in the present embodiment correspond to the upper substrate 13 in fig. 1. In the manufacturing process, after the manufacturing process of the upper substrate and the lower substrate is completed, a liquid crystal cell forming process may be used to form a display panel having a liquid crystal layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
In fig. 5, the first substrate 21 and the light guide layer 22 can receive external light on a side surface (a left side surface in fig. 5) in a first direction (a left-to-right direction in fig. 5 or a right-to-left direction), and the light can propagate inside the light guide layer 22 by total reflection. The refractive index of the material of the light guiding layer 22 should be larger than that of the material of the first substrate 21 according to the requirement of the total reflection condition. In one example, the light guide layer 22 is designed as a wedge-shaped light guide plate to provide parallel collimated light to the liquid crystal layer 30 above (i.e., the light guide layer 22 emits parallel light with uniform intensity from the whole plane perpendicular to the plane of the display panel and the liquid crystal layer). Thus, the liquid crystal layer 30 can receive parallel light which is uniformly and vertically incident from the entire surface as predetermined light in each sub-pixel region. For this example, more possible implementations can be obtained by referring to the design of the side-in backlight in the related art.
In one example, the light guiding layer 22 may be one of the layer structures in the display panel having the largest material index of refraction (e.g., a material index of refraction that is greater than the material index of refraction of the adjacent layer structure, such that light rays within the adjacent layer structure will not be well bound, but rather are injected into the light guiding layer on an ongoing basis, complementing the attenuation of waveguide modes in the light guiding layer due to propagation or grating coupling), and may be higher in some designs. As an implementation example, Si, for example, may be employed3N4The light guide layer 22 is formed by materials, the waveguide layer realized by the light guide layer 22 can be set to be a single mode waveguide, and the thickness of the light guide layer 22 can be set to be very thin (e.g. 100nm), but not limited thereto. When the collimation of the incident light is good or the mode coupling into the waveguide layer can be effectively controlled, the requirement on the thickness of the waveguide layer can be properly relaxed, and the thickness of hundreds of nanometers or even microns can be selected.
In fig. 5, the design of the array substrate between the light guide layer 23 and the liquid crystal layer 30 may be, for example, In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode or Advanced Super Dimension Switching (ADS) mode. In one example, a gate conductive layer, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, a source-drain conductive layer, a common electrode layer 23, a passivation layer as the first insulating layer 24 described above, a pixel electrode layer as the first electrode layer 25, a first planarizing layer 26, and a first alignment layer 27 are sequentially disposed on the light guide layer 22. Here, a combination of the gate conductive layer, the gate insulating layer, the active layer, and the source-drain conductive layer may be referred to as a transistor device layer, and the common electrode layer 23 is disposed at the same layer as the source-drain conductive layer. The gate conductive layer includes patterns of a gate electrode, a common voltage line and a gate line, the source and drain conductive layer includes patterns of a source electrode, a drain electrode and a data line, the plurality of gate lines extending in a row direction and the plurality of data lines extending in a column direction intersect to define the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and transistors including active regions in the gate electrode, the source electrode, the drain electrode and the active layer form a pixel circuit for writing driving voltages supplied from the outside to each of the first electrodes, respectively. A via hole for achieving electrical connection between the source-drain conductive layer and the first electrode layer 25 is provided in the passivation layer, and a connection via hole between the common electrode layer 23 and a common voltage line is provided in the gate insulating layer. Therefore, a common voltage can be applied to the common electrode layer 23, and a corresponding driving voltage can be applied to each first electrode in the first electrode layer 25, so that a planar electric field can be formed in the upper liquid crystal layer 30 by the voltage between the first electrode and the common electrode layer 23, so as to realize the formation of the liquid crystal color selection grating 31. It is noted that for clarity of illustration, only the common electrode layer 23, the passivation layer as the first electrode layer 24, the pixel electrode layer as the first electrode layer 25, the first planarizing layer 26, and the first alignment layer 27 are shown in the above structure in fig. 5, which is intended to show an alternative implementation of the desired electric field distribution; the above-mentioned provision of the predetermined voltage can be achieved by referring to the structure of the array substrate in the IPS mode, the ADS mode or other liquid crystal display modes in the related art.
In other possible implementations, the change of the internal structure of the display panel may be performed based on the following positional relationship: the common electrode layer 23 is positioned on one side of the first electrode layer 25 far away from the liquid crystal layer, and the first insulating layer 24 is positioned between the first electrode layer 25 and the common electrode layer 23; the transistor device layer is positioned on one side of the first electrode layer 25 far away from the liquid crystal layer 30, the first insulating layer 24 is positioned between the first electrode layer 25 and the transistor device layer, and a through hole for electrically connecting a preset voltage to the first electrode is formed in the first insulating layer 24; the first planarizing layer 26 is located on a side of the first electrode layer 25 close to the liquid crystal layer 30, and the first alignment layer 27 is located between the first planarizing layer 26 and the liquid crystal layer 30.
In one example, the first planarizing layer 26 is covered on the surfaces of the first insulating layer 24 and the first electrode layer 25 on the side close to the liquid crystal layer 30, and the first alignment layer 27 is formed by an alignment process performed on the first planarizing layer 26 in a liquid crystal cell process. In this case, the surface of the manufactured lower substrate is a flat surface provided by the first planarization layer 26, and the first alignment layer 27 is not yet formed.
In one example, the second electrode layer 42 is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer 30 remote from the first electrode layer 25; the second electrode layer 42 is located between the second substrate 41 and the liquid crystal layer 30; a second planarizing layer 43 is coated on the surfaces of the second substrate 41 and the second electrode layer 42 on the side close to the liquid crystal layer 30, and a second alignment layer 44 is interposed between the second planarizing layer 43 and the liquid crystal layer 30.
In one example, a common voltage may be applied to each of the second electrode layers 42, so that the electric field distribution formed in the liquid crystal layer 30 can be modified and adjusted appropriately, and the process of designing the electric field distribution to form the desired liquid crystal color selection grating 31 is simplified. In still another example, the second electrode layer 42 may be omitted from fig. 5, so that light transmitted from the liquid crystal layer 30 is not affected by the second electrode layer, thereby contributing to the improvement of the pixel aperture ratio and the display luminance.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As can be seen from fig. 5, fig. 6 is a view showing that the light guide layer 22 is removed from fig. 5, and the entire lower substrate is used as a waveguide layer for propagating light by total reflection inside and providing the predetermined light to the liquid crystal layer 30. Specifically, the first substrate 21, the common electrode layer 23, the first insulating layer 24, the first electrode layer 25, the first planarizing layer 26, and the first alignment layer 27 are used in combination as an optical waveguide. In order to satisfy the total reflection condition, the refractive index matching of each layer is designed in advance according to the angle of light propagation. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal color-selecting grating also serves as a grating for coupling out light in the waveguide layer, and a grating structure for coupling out light in the waveguide layer, which is additionally provided in the display panel, may be omitted based on this.
Taking the manner shown in fig. 5 and 6 as an example, the first substrate is generally used to receive external light on a side surface in the first direction to form predetermined light incident to the liquid crystal layer in the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and various types of waveguide manners may be formed based on a layer structure formed on a surface thereof. In one example, a light emitting device such as a Light Emitting Diode (LED) may be disposed on a side of the first substrate in the first direction, so that the coupling-in of external light may be achieved, resulting in backlight illumination.
In yet another example, the display panel may include a second electrode layer that is spread over each of the sub-pixel regions. For example, a second electrode layer formed using a transparent conductive material and connected to a common voltage may be spread over the entire display area of the second substrate. Thus, the vertical electric field distribution formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can be used to form a liquid crystal color selection grating, and the display panel described in the present disclosure can be implemented with reference to, for example, a Twisted Nematic (TN) mode liquid crystal display device.
Based on the same inventive concept, the disclosed embodiments provide a display device including the display panel of any one of the above. The display device in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be: any product or component with a display function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator and the like. A display device such as that shown in fig. 2 can be obtained based on any of the display panels described above.
It can be seen that, because the liquid crystal layer can form the liquid crystal color-selecting grating when the first electrode is loaded with the driving voltage, and form the expected emergent light based on the predetermined light from the backlight, the display panel and the display device of the present disclosure can realize the selection of the emergent light direction and the emergent light color by using the liquid crystal grating instead of the conventional grating, thereby solving the problem that the arrangement of the grating structure can bring adverse effects to the display product, and meanwhile, the variable grating (the grating period is fixed) adjusted by the driving voltage can be realized, so that the liquid crystal display panel and the display device can play a role in application scenes except for fixed-viewpoint display.
It can also be seen that, since the liquid crystal color selection grating plays a role in limiting the color of the emitted light, the arrangement of a color film can be omitted, and in addition, the conversion of the bright and dark states of the pixels is not required to be controlled by using the front polarizer and the rear polarizer, so that the display panel and the display device disclosed by the disclosure can realize higher transmittance, and the transparent display device can have higher transparency.
In addition, the display panel shown in fig. 5 and 6, for example, can realize liquid crystal display with a backlight using two substrates, and thus the thickness can be small; based on the display principle of the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer can be thinner than other liquid crystal display modes, and the response time when gray scales are switched can be faster. In addition, as the scale of the grating period can be equivalent to the width of the pixel electrode, the grating period of the liquid crystal color selection grating can be very small, and high PPI (Pixel number Per Inch) display is favorably realized.
The above description is only exemplary of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, so that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (9)

1. A display panel is characterized in that the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixel regions, each sub-pixel region has a color and a preset light-emitting direction; the display panel includes a liquid crystal layer and a first electrode layer disposed at one side in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, the first electrode layer including a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a first direction in each of the sub-pixel regions;
the liquid crystal layer in each sub-pixel region is used for forming a liquid crystal color selection grating when a preset voltage is loaded on the plurality of first electrodes in the sub-pixel region, the liquid crystal color selection grating is used for forming transmission light emitted along the preset light emitting direction of the sub-pixel when preset light is incident, the color of the transmission light is the color of the sub-pixel region where the liquid crystal color selection grating is located, the grating period of the liquid crystal color selection grating is n times of the center distance between any two adjacent first electrodes in the sub-pixel region, and n is 0.5 or any positive integer.
2. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a first substrate for receiving external light on a side in the first direction to form the predetermined light incident to the liquid crystal layer in the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and a light guide layer; the light guide layer is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the first substrate; the refractive index of the material of the light guide layer is larger than that of the material of the first substrate.
3. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a common electrode layer on a side of the first electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer, and a first insulating layer between the first electrode layer and the common electrode layer.
4. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a transistor device layer on a side of the first electrode layer remote from the liquid crystal layer, and a first insulating layer between the first electrode layer and the transistor device layer, wherein a via hole for electrically connecting the preset voltage to the first electrode is provided in the first insulating layer.
5. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a first alignment layer and a first planarizing layer, the first planarizing layer being on a side of the first electrode layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer, the first alignment layer being between the first planarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer.
6. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a second electrode layer on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the first electrode layer.
7. The display panel according to claim 6, further comprising a second substrate, a second planarizing layer, and a second alignment layer, wherein the second electrode layer is located between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the second planarizing layer covers surfaces of the second substrate and the second electrode layer on a side close to the liquid crystal layer, and the second alignment layer is located between the second planarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer.
8. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrodes arranged in the first direction in each of the sub-pixel regions, the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes being staggered with each other; or, the second electrode layer is fully distributed in each sub-pixel region, and the second electrode layer is used for loading a common voltage.
9. A display device characterized by comprising the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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