CN108048140B - Method and device for co-producing oil gas by pyrolysis and gasification coupling - Google Patents

Method and device for co-producing oil gas by pyrolysis and gasification coupling Download PDF

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CN108048140B
CN108048140B CN201711439454.9A CN201711439454A CN108048140B CN 108048140 B CN108048140 B CN 108048140B CN 201711439454 A CN201711439454 A CN 201711439454A CN 108048140 B CN108048140 B CN 108048140B
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gas
pyrolysis
gasification
reaction section
coal
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CN108048140A (en
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孔娇
王美君
于彦旭
李挺
常丽萍
鲍卫仁
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60Processes
    • C10J3/64Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/82Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15Details of feeding means
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916Biomass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for co-producing oil gas by pyrolysis and gasification coupling. The method comprises the following implementation processes: the raw material coal and the carrier gas fall in parallel in the pyrolysis reaction section of the downer to generate pyrolysis reaction, and are subjected to co-pyrolysis with subsequently added biomass or carrier gas, so that hydrogen in the biomass is transferred into the coal, and semicoke and pyrolysis gas are obtained at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction section of the downer; the semicoke continuously falls down to the fluidized bed gasification reaction section through the vertical gas mixing section, and is in reverse contact with a gasification agent without being cooled to generate gasification gas and ash; the gasified gas flows upwards and is mixed with the pyrolysis gas in the vertical gas mixing section, then the mixture enters the horizontal reforming reaction section to carry out tar reforming reaction, and tar and coal gas are obtained after cooling and separation. The invention discloses a technology for realizing the co-production of high-quality tar and coal gas, which has the advantages of simple operation, compact structure, high thermal efficiency and the like and has important significance for the development of the modern coal chemical industry.

Description

Method and device for co-producing oil gas by pyrolysis and gasification coupling
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, relates to a coal and biomass grading quality-grading high-efficiency clean conversion technology, and particularly relates to a method and a device for pyrolysis and gasification coupled co-production of oil gas by taking coal and biomass as raw materials.
Background
Coal is the main energy of China, and in the future, coal still dominates in primary energy consumption of China for a long time. Along with the reduction of high metamorphic coal resources, the utilization of low-rank coal is more and more emphasized. However, the low-rank coal is not only low in efficiency in the combustion or gasification utilization process, but also the oil gas resource in the low-rank coal is wasted. The coal pyrolysis based poly-generation technology coupled with other processes can organically combine coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion to produce various products such as coal gas, oil products, clean semicoke, electricity and steam, and the utilization value of coal resources is maximized. However, the prior art has the problems of long process flow, more equipment, complex operation, poor oil quality, easy blockage of pipelines and the like.
The biomass energy has the advantages of rich total amount, wide distribution, high hydrogen-carbon ratio, renewability and the like, and is widely concerned by various countries. However, biomass is highly seasonal, is not easily stored for a long time, has low energy density, and if the biomass is used alone, the problem of unstable raw material supply is easily caused. The coal and the biomass are utilized together aiming at the characteristics of carbon enrichment and hydrogen enrichment of the coal, so that the sustainable utilization of fossil fuel and the full excavation of renewable energy sources can be promoted, the environmental pollution can be reduced, high-quality products can be produced, and the efficient and clean utilization of the coal and the biomass can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a method and a device for the pyrolysis and gasification coupling co-production of oil gas by taking coal and biomass as raw materials, and aims to provide a method capable of realizing the co-production of high-quality tar and coal gas, wherein the low-temperature dry distillation process and the gasification process of the coal are organically combined, so that the comprehensive utilization efficiency of coal resources is improved, the cascade, cleanness and high-added-value conversion utilization of the coal resources are realized, and the method has the advantages of simple operation, compact structure, high thermal efficiency and the like, and has important significance for the development of the modern coal chemical industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
on one hand, the invention discloses a method for the pyrolysis and gasification coupled co-production of oil gas by taking coal and biomass as raw materials, wherein the raw material coal and carrier gas fall in parallel in a pyrolysis reaction section of a downer for pyrolysis reaction, and are subjected to co-pyrolysis with subsequently added biomass or carrier gas, so that hydrogen in the biomass is transferred into the coal, and semicoke and pyrolysis gas are obtained at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction section of the downer; the semicoke continuously falls down to the fluidized bed gasification reaction section through the vertical gas mixing section, and is in reverse contact with a gasification agent without being cooled to generate gasification gas and ash; the gasified gas flows upwards and is mixed with the pyrolysis gas in the vertical gas mixing section to obtain pyrolysis and gasification mixed gas, the pyrolysis and gasification mixed gas enters the horizontal reforming reaction section to carry out tar reforming reaction, fly ash is removed by the cyclone dust collector, and tar and gas are obtained after cooling and separation.
In a preferred embodiment, the raw coal is low-rank coal, and the biomass is agricultural and forestry waste.
In order to achieve better effect, the mass ratio of the coal to the biomass in the raw material is 1: 0.25-0.5, and the ratio of the carrier gas to the raw material (coal and biomass) is 0.6 Nm3Per kg; the ratio of gasification agent to feedstock (coal and biomass) was 0.8 Nm3/kg。
In a preferred embodiment, the carrier gas is a pyrolysis gasification mixed gas, and the gasifying agent is prepared by mixing oxygen and water vapor in a ratio of 1: 2 by volume ratio.
As a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the downer pyrolysis reaction section is 500-; preferably, the temperature range of the downer pyrolysis reaction section is set to be three-stage gradient temperature from top to bottom, which is respectively 600-800 ℃ at the upper section and 800 ℃ at the middle section: 500 ℃ and 600 ℃, and the lower section: 400 ℃ and 500 ℃, wherein the temperature regions and the starting and stopping positions of the three gradient temperatures are determined according to the properties of the used raw materials.
In addition, a catalyst may be added to the horizontal reforming reaction section in order to improve the selectivity and reforming efficiency of the reforming reaction.
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a device for realizing the pyrolysis and gasification coupling co-production of oil gas by taking coal and biomass as raw materials, which comprises a coupling reactor and a cooling separation unit, wherein the coupling reactor consists of a downer pyrolysis reaction section, a vertical gas mixing section, a fluidized bed gasification reaction section and a horizontal reforming reaction section which are communicated with each other; a first feeder and a second feeder are respectively arranged at the top and the middle part of the downer pyrolysis reaction section, a first feed port and a first carrier gas inlet are arranged on the first feeder, and a second feed port and a second carrier gas inlet are arranged on the second feeder; the vertical gas mixing section is respectively communicated with a material outlet at the bottom of the downer pyrolysis reaction section, a top port of the fluidized bed gasification reaction section and a mixed gas inlet end of the horizontal reforming reaction section and is communicated with the fluidized bed gasification reaction section through the vertical gas mixing section; the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction section is provided with a gas distribution plate and a gas air chamber for pre-distributing a gasification agent, the side wall of the air chamber is provided with a gasification agent inlet, and the bottom of the air chamber is provided with an ash discharge port; the mixed gas outlet of the horizontal reforming reaction section is connected with a cooling separation unit; the separation cooling unit can be any one or combination of a plurality of devices capable of realizing separation and cooling functions in the field of petrochemical industry. The separation cooling unit consists of a dust remover, a cooler and a separator, and the mixed gas outlet end of the horizontal pipe tar reforming reaction section is sequentially connected with the dust remover, the cooler and the separator.
In a preferred embodiment, the first and second feeders are star-shaped feeders, and the first carrier gas inlet is located below the first feed port and the second carrier gas inlet is located below the second feed port. Preferably, an opening is arranged at the top of the first star-shaped feeder to serve as a first feeding hole, a first carrier gas inlet is arranged at the lower end of the first star-shaped feeder, an opening is arranged at the top of the second star-shaped feeder to serve as a second feeding hole, and a second carrier gas inlet is arranged at the lower end of the second star-shaped feeder.
Preferably, the dust remover is a cyclone dust remover, the cooler is a jacketed cooler, and the separator is a gravity gas-liquid separator.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the quality-divided utilization of the raw materials is coupled in one reactor, namely the pyrolysis-gasification-tar reforming process, so that the method has the advantages of simple operation and high thermal efficiency, and realizes the co-production of high-quality tar and coal gas;
(2) the downer pyrolysis reaction section is divided into three sections from top to bottom, preferably a step temperature field is arranged for carrying out graded pyrolysis, the secondary reaction of pyrolysis volatile components is regulated and controlled, the tar yield is improved, and the tar quality is improved;
(3) the coal and the biomass are subjected to fast co-pyrolysis, so that hydrogen radicals in the biomass participate in the coal pyrolysis process, the tar yield is improved, and the tar quality is improved;
(4) the semicoke generated by pyrolysis is directly gasified without being cooled, so that the gasification efficiency is improved, and the energy loss caused by cooling, reheating and gasification of the semicoke is avoided;
(5) the coal coke and the biomass coke are co-gasified, and the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal which are rich in the biomass coke play a role in catalyzing the gasification reaction, so that the gasification reactivity of the semicoke is improved, and the gasification reaction temperature is reduced, thereby saving the energy consumption and reducing the decomposition of tar in a reactor;
(6) before the gaseous tar is not condensed, the gaseous tar is reformed by utilizing pyrolysis gasification mixed gas, so that the quality of the tar is improved;
(7) the obtained coal gas is a mixed gas of pyrolysis coal gas and gasified coal gas, and combines the dual advantages of carbon enrichment of the gasified coal gas and hydrogen enrichment of the pyrolysis coal gas; can utilize the technique of preparing synthesis gas by using gasification gas and pyrolysis gas together through CH4And CO2And preparing synthesis gas after reforming.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pyrolysis and gasification coupled oil and gas co-production device.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a first star-shaped feeder, 2, a first carrier gas inlet, 3, a first feed inlet, 4, a second star-shaped feeder, 5, a second carrier gas inlet, 6, a second feed inlet, 7, a downer pyrolysis reaction section, 8, a pyrolysis product outlet, 9, a vertical gas mixing section, 10, a fluidized bed gasification reaction section, 11, a gas distribution plate, 12, an air chamber, 13, a gasification agent inlet, 14, an ash discharge port, 15, a horizontal pipe tar reforming reaction section, 16, a mixed gas outlet end, 17, a cyclone dust collector, 18, a jacketed cooler and 19, and a gravity gas-liquid separator.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The device for the pyrolysis and gasification coupled oil and gas co-production by taking coal and biomass as raw materials as shown in figure 1 comprises a coupled reactor and a cooling separation unit; the cooling separation unit consists of a cyclone dust collector 17, a jacketed cooler 18 and a gravity gas-liquid separator 19 which are connected in sequence, and the coupling reactor consists of a downer pyrolysis reaction section 7, a vertical gas mixing section 9, a fluidized bed gasification reaction section 10 and a horizontal reforming reaction section 15 which are communicated with each other; a first star-shaped feeder 1 and a second star-shaped feeder 4 are respectively arranged at the top and the middle part of the downer pyrolysis reaction section 7, an opening is arranged at the bottom of the first star-shaped feeder 1 to serve as a first feeding hole 3 and a first carrier gas inlet 2, and an opening is arranged at the bottom of the second star-shaped feeder 4 to serve as a second feeding hole 6 and a second carrier gas inlet 5; the vertical gas mixing section 9 is respectively communicated with a pyrolysis product outlet 8 at the bottom of the downer pyrolysis reaction section 7, a port at the top of the fluidized bed gasification reaction section 10 and a mixed gas inlet end of the horizontal reforming reaction section 15 to form a T shape; a gas distribution plate 11 and a gas air chamber 12 for pre-distributing a gasifying agent are arranged at the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction section 10, a gasifying agent inlet 13 is arranged on the side wall of the air chamber 12, and an ash discharge port 14 is arranged at the bottom of the air chamber 12; the mixed gas outlet end of the horizontal reforming reaction section 15 is connected with a cyclone dust collector 17, a jacketed cooler 18 and a gravity gas-liquid separator 19 in sequence.
The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification is described in the following with reference to fig. 1:
(1) the raw material low-rank coal particles entering from the first star-shaped feeder 1 and the carrier gas (pyrolysis gasification mixed gas produced by the method) entering from the first carrier gas inlet 2 are brought into the downer pyrolysis reaction section 7 and undergo pyrolysis reaction while falling; raw material biomass particles enter through a second star-shaped feeder 4 and are carried into a downer pyrolysis reaction section 7 by carrier gas (pyrolysis gasification mixed gas produced by the method) entering from a second carrier gas inlet 5, so that the raw material low-order coal particles and the raw material biomass particles are rapidly heated to 500-800 ℃ in the falling process in the downer pyrolysis reaction section 7 for co-pyrolysis, hydrogen-containing radicals generated by biomass pyrolysis are transferred into coal pyrolysis volatile components, and semicoke and pyrolysis gas are obtained at the bottom of the downer pyrolysis reaction section 7; the semicoke and the pyrolysis gas continue to move downwards to enter a vertical gas mixing section 9 with the temperature of 400-600 ℃;
(2) the semicoke entering the vertical gas mixing section 9 continuously falls down, and directly contacts with a gasifying agent formed by mixing oxygen and water vapor in a reverse direction without cooling in the fluidized bed gasification reaction section 10 to carry out gasification reaction at the temperature of 900-; gasified ash is discharged from a bottom ash discharge port 14; the generated gasified gas moves upwards to enter the vertical gas mixing section 9 to be mixed with the pyrolysis gas to obtain pyrolysis and gasification mixed gas, and the pyrolysis and gasification mixed gas enters the horizontal reforming reaction section 15; the pyrolysis and gasification mixed gas contains gaseous tar, and the gaseous tar and other gases in the pyrolysis and gasification mixed gas are subjected to reforming reaction at the temperature of 400-;
(4) the pyrolysis gasification mixed gas from the reforming reaction section 15 passes through a cyclone dust collector 17 with the temperature of 300-350 ℃, fly ash is removed, gaseous tar is cooled through a jacketed cooler 18, and the gaseous tar and the gas are separated through a gravity gas-liquid separator 19 to obtain tar and coal gas.
Of course, a catalyst may be added to the horizontal reforming reaction section 15 in order to improve the selectivity of the reforming reaction and the reforming efficiency.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. A method for co-producing oil gas by pyrolysis and gasification is characterized in that: coal and carrier gas fall in parallel in a pyrolysis reaction section of a descending bed to perform pyrolysis reaction, and are subjected to co-pyrolysis with subsequently added biomass and carrier gas, so that hydrogen in the biomass is transferred into the coal, and semicoke and pyrolysis gas are obtained at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction section of the descending bed; the semicoke continuously falls down to the fluidized bed gasification reaction section through the vertical gas mixing section, and is in reverse contact with a gasification agent without being cooled to generate gasification gas and ash; the gasified gas flows upwards and is mixed with the pyrolysis gas in the vertical gas mixing section to obtain pyrolysis and gasification mixed gas, the mixed gas enters the horizontal reforming reaction section to carry out tar reforming reaction, fly ash is removed through a cyclone dust collector, and tar and gas are obtained after cooling and separation; the temperature of the downer pyrolysis reaction section is 500-;
the device for realizing the pyrolysis and gasification coupled co-production of oil gas comprises a coupling reactor and a cooling separation unit, wherein the coupling reactor consists of a downer pyrolysis reaction section, a vertical gas mixing section, a fluidized bed gasification reaction section and a horizontal reforming reaction section which are communicated with each other; a first feeder is arranged at the top of the downer pyrolysis reaction section, a second feeder is arranged in the middle of the downer pyrolysis reaction section, a first feed port and a first carrier gas inlet are formed in the first feeder, and a second feed port and a second carrier gas inlet are formed in the second feeder; the vertical gas mixing section is respectively communicated with a material outlet at the bottom of the downer pyrolysis reaction section, a top port of the fluidized bed gasification reaction section and a mixed gas inlet end of the horizontal reforming reaction section, a gas distribution plate and a gas air chamber for pre-distributing a gasifying agent are sequentially arranged at the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction section, a gasifying agent inlet is arranged on the side wall of the air chamber, and an ash discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the air chamber; and a mixed gas outlet of the horizontal reforming reaction section is connected with a cooling and separating unit.
2. The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the coal is low-rank coal.
3. The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the mass ratio of the coal to the biomass is 1: 0.25-0.5, and the mass ratio of the carrier gas to the sum of the coal and the biomass is 0.6 Nm3Per kg; the ratio of the gasification agent to the sum of the mass of the coal and the biomass is 0.8 Nm3/kg。
4. The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carrier gas is pyrolysis gasification mixed gas, and the gasification agent is prepared by mixing oxygen and water vapor according to the weight ratio of 1: 2 by volume ratio.
5. The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the downer pyrolysis reaction section is set to be three-stage cascade temperature from top to bottom.
6. The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cooling separation unit consists of a dust remover, a cooler and a separator, and the mixed gas outlet end of the horizontal pipe tar reforming reaction section is sequentially connected with the dust remover, the cooler and the separator.
7. The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first feeder and the second feeder are star-shaped feeders, the first carrier gas inlet is positioned below the first feeding hole, and the second carrier gas inlet is positioned below the second feeding hole.
8. The method for co-producing oil gas by coupling pyrolysis and gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dust remover is a cyclone dust remover, the cooler is a jacketed cooler, and the separator is a gravity gas-liquid separator.
CN201711439454.9A 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 Method and device for co-producing oil gas by pyrolysis and gasification coupling Active CN108048140B (en)

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