CN108046546A - The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device - Google Patents

The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108046546A
CN108046546A CN201810083915.1A CN201810083915A CN108046546A CN 108046546 A CN108046546 A CN 108046546A CN 201810083915 A CN201810083915 A CN 201810083915A CN 108046546 A CN108046546 A CN 108046546A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cartridge filter
water
tank body
lifting
drainpipe
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Pending
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CN201810083915.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张光炯
张振宇
张军
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201810083915.1A priority Critical patent/CN108046546A/en
Publication of CN108046546A publication Critical patent/CN108046546A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007Processes including a sedimentation step
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105Phosphorus compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30Organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002Construction details of the apparatus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/007Modular design
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/14Maintenance of water treatment installations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the discharge structures of integrated domestic sewage treatment device, are included in the drainpipe set on vertical tank body, it is characterised in that:Further include lifting support and lifting driving structure;The lifting support is integrally suspended in the top position of the vertical tank body, and can realize vertical lifting under lifting driving structure driving;One end of the drainpipe is water inlet end, and the other end is water outlet;Wherein, the water inlet end of the drainpipe is fixedly mounted on the lifting support and the in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank can be risen above with lifting support or is decreased below the in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank with lifting support and can simultaneously intake;The water outlet of the drainpipe is used for the external water delivery of vertical tank.The discharge structure of the integrated domestic sewage treatment device of the present invention has the advantages of simple and compact for structure, the water water quality of discharge is more preferable.

Description

The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy-saving and environment-friendly biological sewage processing equipment fields, and in particular to integral life sewage processing is set Standby discharge structure.
Background technology
Sanitary sewage includes the organic matters, wherein COD such as starch, protein, cellulose and mineral oil(COD)、 BOD(BOD), total nitrogen(TN)And total phosphorus(TP)It is all higher.At even by level-one physical treatment and secondary biochemical Containing very high TN and TP, body eutrophication still is be easy to cause after being discharged into water body for the sanitary sewage of reason, and it is existing red tide etc. occur As.And these sanitary sewages, once being recycled into underground reservoir with dampening, are drunk after no process processing by the mankind Afterwards, human body poisoning is will result in, so sanitary sewage needs are handled in time.
In the prior art, notification number is that the patent document of CN105565485A discloses " a kind of Novel sewage tank ", is somebody's turn to do " one Kind Novel sewage tank "(Referring to this specification attached drawing 1)Including the tank body 1 placed vertically, 1 top of tank body is provided with manhole 1.1, tank 1 nearly top of body is provided with water inlet 1.2, and the nearly top of 1 opposite side of tank body is provided with discharge outlet 1.3, and 1 nearly bottom of tank body is provided with row Dirty mouth 1.4,1 bottom of tank body are provided with aerator 2, and aerator 2 connects the air blower 3 outside tank body 1, water inlet by pipeline 1.2 lower sections are provided with the baffle 4 for tilting upward 30 degree of -60 degree, and 4 length of baffle is more than 1/2 tank body, 1 diameter, and 4 lower section of baffle is set There is biological active filling material 5, the chemicals dosing plant 7 being provided in tank body 1 outside the connection tank body 1 of drug feeding pipeline 6.Aerator 2 includes exposing Feed channel 2.1, the aeration head 2.2 being arranged at intervals on aerated conduit 2.1 are arranged with impeller 2.3, impeller 2.3 on aeration head 2.2 Blade edge be arranged to zigzag.Biological active filling material 5 include mesh bag, carrier and stent, the carrier be suspending carrier, shape Shape is spherical shape, and the stent immobilization carrier, the mesh bag is attached to carrier outer layer and forms feeler shape.Chemicals dosing plant 7 includes Babinet is arranged at the elevator pump 7.1 of the bottom of box and agitating device 7.2.Discharge outlet 1.3 is provided with filter screen 8.
Above-mentioned " a kind of Novel sewage tank " still has in place of following defect:
The discharge outlet being somebody's turn to do in the technical solution of " a kind of Novel sewage tank " is consistently lower than the highest water surface in tank body, in this way, by intaking Mouth easily enters discharge outlet into tank body and there are no processed sewage, reduces the effluent quality through discharge outlet.It is same with this When, the position that discharge outlet is set on tank body in existing " a kind of Novel sewage tank " is fixed, and setting is excessively high to be caused to arrange Water is few, and setting is too low easily to discharge the sediment of tank base, therefore is difficult to obtain preferable drainage effect.
Based on this, applicant considers that design is a kind of simple and compact for structure, at the better integral life sewage of drainage effect Manage the discharge structure of equipment.
The content of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are:How a kind of structure letter is provided Single compact, discharge structure of the better integrated domestic sewage treatment device of drainage effect.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical solutions:
The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device is included in the drainpipe set on vertical tank body, it is characterised in that: Further include lifting support and lifting driving structure;The lifting support is integrally suspended in the top position of the vertical tank body, and Vertical lifting can be realized under lifting driving structure driving;
One end of the drainpipe is water inlet end, and the other end is water outlet;Wherein, the water inlet end of the drainpipe is fixedly mounted on The in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank can be risen above on the lifting support and with lifting support or declined with lifting support It can simultaneously intake to less than the in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank;The water outlet of the drainpipe is used for the external water delivery of vertical tank.
In the present invention, after the above-mentioned lifting support that can realize vertical lifting, it becomes possible to the sewage in vertical tank body In processing procedure so that the water inlet end of drainpipe is higher than the in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank, avoids dirty in sewage disposal process Water enters drainpipe.The sewage disposal in vertical tank body(Aeration such as staticly settles at the processing)After, the water inlet end of drainpipe with Lifting support is decreased below the in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank and draining, and the water inlet end is gradually reduced by the water surface, begins Supernatant liquor in vertical tank body at last(Water quality is best)Discharge, it is ensured that the water quality through drainpipe discharge is more preferably.As it can be seen that the present invention The advantages of integrated domestic sewage treatment device has the function admirable for following water level, and drainage effect is preferable.
In addition, the water inlet end of drainpipe is with lifting support in integrated domestic sewage treatment device using the present invention The structure of lower Yield rainfall relation also allows for by controlling the falling head of lifting support single being controlled to discharge water and delivery ratio(Row Go out the ratio that water capacity accounts for entire vertical tank body water storage cavity volume).
In addition, for compared to water decanter, using above-mentioned lifting support and the matched draining knot of drainpipe in the present invention Structure has the advantages of compact-sized, occupied space smaller, more conducively promotes the compactedness of integrated domestic sewage treatment device Advantage.
As a preferred embodiment, a water-supply-pipe, the water delivery seal of tube are provided at the water outlet of the drainpipe It is located at one end inside vertical tank body through the middle and lower part side-walls of the housing of the vertical tank body, on the water-supply-pipe by can Flexible hose is connected with the water inlet end sealing of the drainpipe.
Said structure may be such that the structure being connected between " water outlet of drainpipe " and " water inlet end of drainpipe " is most simple, and It is engaged well with the vertical lifting of lifting support, meets lifting requirement.
In addition, with the above structure, the water inlet end of drainpipe can be kept to be consistently higher than the water outlet of drainpipe, so as to Preferably using the gravity of water come outside draining, it is ensured that draining it is unimpeded.
As a preferred embodiment, the lifting driving structure includes lifting decelerating motor, drive bevel gear, from mantle Gear, intermediate propeller shaft, leading screw, nut and bevel gear pair;
The lifting is fixedly mounted on decelerating motor on the lifting support, and the shaft of the lifting driving decelerating motor is vertical Downward, coaxially fixed there are one drive bevel gear in the shaft, the circumferencial direction uniform intervals of the drive bevel gear engage At least two driven wheel of differential are connected with, wherein each driven wheel of differential is sleeved on one end of an intermediate propeller shaft, among this The axial direction of transmission shaft and the axial direction of the shaft are perpendicular;The other end of every intermediate propeller shaft passes through bevel gear pair and one respectively The upper end engagement for the screw that root is vertically arranged is connected, and the shank portion of every screw is screwed in by screw thread in a nut, often A nut is fixedly mounted on the side wall of vertical tank body.
The operation principle of above-mentioned lifting driving structure is:Lifting drives the active conical tooth in shaft to rotate with decelerating motor Dynamic, drive bevel gear rotates drives multiple driven wheel of differential to rotate simultaneously, and multiple driven wheel of differential are rotated by drive intermediate transmission Axis rotates, and intermediate propeller shaft drives screw to rotate by bevel gear pair, because nut is integrally fixed on the side wall of vertical tank body, institute Lifting of the screw on vertical can be realized by the thread fitting between screw and nut with the rotation of screw, so as to fulfill liter The vertical lifting of descending branch frame entirety.
Above-mentioned lifting driving structure not only have it is simple in structure, control the advantages of easy;And the spiral shell between screw and nut Line, which is connected, can also bear total weight and the /V of lifting support, it is ensured that the reliability of lifting support lifting.
As a preferred embodiment, each nut is mating there are one the nut mounting cylinder that is vertically arranged, each nut It is fixedly linked between the medial surface of lateral surface and nut mounting cylinder, and the upper end of the nut mounting cylinder opening for screw mandrel insertion Mouth end, the lateral surface of the nut mounting cylinder are fixed on the lateral wall of vertical tank body.
When nut mounting cylinder is integrally attached to the lateral wall of vertical tank body, vertical tank body top position can be reserved Come and save sewage, promote the storage capacity and sewage treatment capacity of vertical tank body.
In addition, the use of above-mentioned nut mounting cylinder, can not only be increased and vertical tank wall by nut mounting cylinder Between degree of being connected firmly, it is ensured that the reliability that screw thread is screwed between the nut and leading screw that are fixed in nut mounting cylinder.It can also Screw and nut are enough lived by nut mounting cylinder hood guard, play preferably protective effect.
As a preferred embodiment, the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device further includes vertically arranged filtering Cylinder, the lower end of the cartridge filter have bottom plate;The water inlet end of the drainpipe and the bottom plate of the cartridge filter are fixedly linked, And the water inlet end of the drainpipe inside the cartridge filter with connecting.
The setting of above-mentioned cartridge filter can not only be filtered the water of the water inlet end into drainpipe.Also have following The advantages of notable:
1st, the filtering surface of cartridge filter is not easy to plug, and filtering function is persistently reliable, and reason is:Cartridge filter rises in water with lifting support Drop, can not only cross drainage, additionally it is possible to generate vertical opposite fortune between cartridge filter surface and water by decline process Dynamic, which can play the effect to cartridge filter surface clean, so that the filtering surface of cartridge filter is not easy to plug, mistake It is persistently reliable to filter function.
2nd, the ability of drainage excessively is stronger, and reason is:After part below at the top of cartridge filter sinks under the water, it is located on cartridge filter The hydraulic pressure that underwater part is born from top to bottom gradually increases, and as hydraulic pressure gradually increases, then section surface is held on cartridge filter The hydraulic pressure received is smaller, and the hydraulic pressure that cartridge filter hypomere is born is larger, therefore the flow of cartridge filter hypomere filtration treatment water also increases therewith And the cartridge filter surface of hypomere is locally easily blocked.But because the depth that cartridge filter is integrally located at underwater portion differs, Even if cartridge filter hypomere local filtration hole is blocked, the influence to the filtering function of entire cartridge filter is also little.
As it can be seen that the setting of above-mentioned cartridge filter, has filtering function more powerful, the ability of drainage excessively is stronger, filter effect More preferably, the advantages of filtering is persistently reliable.
As a preferred embodiment, the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device further includes cartridge filter backwash knot Structure, the cartridge filter back-flushing structure include cartridge filter supporting rod and backwash tube;
The upper end of the cartridge filter supporting rod is mounted on lifting support, and the upper end of the cartridge filter is openend, the filtering The hypomere of cylinder supporting rod is inserted into the inside of the cartridge filter, and the lower end of the cartridge filter supporting rod and the bottom plate of the cartridge filter Upper surface be fixedly linked;
The flushing pipeline section of the backwash tube, which is inserted, to be consolidated in the inside of the cartridge filter, and the spray of the flushing pipeline section of the backwash tube Water hole is towards the inner wall of the cartridge filter.
It, can be easily in uphill process after the completion of cartridge filter draining to mistake after above-mentioned cartridge filter back-flushing structure is set Filter cylinder is backwashed, and removes the impurity being trapped in filter material layer, makes cartridge filter when filtering next time but also with optimal filtering Ability, it is ensured that cartridge filter obtains persistently reliable filtering function.
As a preferred embodiment, the cartridge filter back-flushing structure further includes backwash decelerating motor, the recoil Wash and be fixedly mounted on decelerating motor on the lifting support, and the shaft of the backwash decelerating motor downward and with it is described The upper end of cartridge filter supporting rod is fixedly linked.
Using the above structure, backwash decelerating motor can drive cartridge filter supporting rod and cartridge filter to rotate, cartridge filter Rotational energy increase cartridge filter inner wall be backwashed pipe rinse pipeline section spray water rinse area, and then promoted backwash it is clear Clean effect.
As a preferred embodiment, the flushing pipeline section of the backwash tube is vertically arranged, the flushing pipeline section of backwash tube Height and the medial surface of the cartridge filter it is highly consistent, and the flushing pipeline section of backwash tube is generally adjacent to the cartridge filter Medial surface;The part nearest apart from cartridge filter medial surface is arranged from top to bottom on the side of the flushing pipeline section of the backwash tube There are multiple hole for water sprayings.
With the above structure, the structure that can not only cause the flushing pipeline section of backwash tube is most simple, so as to be more convenient for adding Work and installation;The medial surface of the flush pipe segment distance cartridge filter of backwash tube can also be caused closer to so that by backwashing The water that the flush pipe of pipe sprays has the impact cleaning force of bigger, and acquisition more preferably backwashes cleaning effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the patent document that notification number is CN105565485A discloses " a kind of Novel sewage tank " Figure.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of the first embodiment of the integrated domestic sewage treatment device for employing the present invention Figure(Lifting support is in lower dead center).
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of the first embodiment of the integrated domestic sewage treatment device for employing the present invention Figure(Lifting support is in top dead centre).
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of lifting support, lifting driving structure and cartridge filter in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of multifunctional ligand casing in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3(Clear water collecting box and equipment installs case Butting bottle Dress).
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of multifunctional ligand casing in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3(Clear water collecting box is separated with equipment installs case It opens).
Fig. 2 marked into Fig. 6 for:
1 vertical tank body:11 water storage inner cavities;
2 water inlet pipes;
3 drainpipes:31 water inlet ends;
4 aeration tubes:41 aeration heads;
5 lifting supports;
Lift driving structure:61 lifting decelerating motors, 62 drive bevel gears, 63 driven wheel of differential, 64 intermediate propeller shafts, 65 Thick stick, 66 nuts, 67 bevel gear pairs, 68 nut mounting cylinders;
7 cartridge filters:71 bottom plates;
Cartridge filter back-flushing structure:81 cartridge filter supporting rods, the flushing pipeline section of 82 backwash tubes, 83 backwash decelerating motors;
9 multifunctional ligand casings:91 clear water collecting boxs, between 92 blower equipments, 93 control rooms, 94 backwashing pump equipment rooms, 95 disappear Between venom storage.
Specific embodiment
A kind of integrated domestic sewage treatment device for employing the present invention is made below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings further detailed Explanation.Wherein, for description using exemplary terms such as upper and lower, left and right, it is therefore intended that reader is helped to understand, without purport It is being limited.
The first embodiment, referring to Fig. 2 to Fig. 6:
Integrated domestic sewage treatment device, including vertical tank body 1, the inside of the vertical tank body 1 has water storage inner cavity 11, institute State water storage inner cavity 11 for save and treated sewage;Be provided on the vertical tank body 1 connected with the water storage inner cavity 11 into Water pipe 2, drainpipe 3 and blow-off pipe, wherein the blow-off pipe is used to the dirt of 11 bottom precipitation of water storage inner cavity draining into vertical tank Outside body 1;It is characterized in that:The aeration tube 4 for handling the sewage aeration of savings is provided in the water storage inner cavity 11;Institute The housing for stating vertical tank body 1 is made by stainless steel material.
During implementation, aeration tube 4 is laid in the bottom of water storage inner cavity 11, and is spaced apart and is equipped with along its length on aeration tube 4 Multiple ventholes, wherein, there are one spray head-up aeration head 41 for installation at each venthole.The inlet end and drum of aeration tube 4 Wind turbine is connected and by air blower(It is not shown in figure)To supply.
During implementation, the connection of 11 bottom of water storage inner cavity of one end of blow-off pipe and vertical tank body 1, the other end and sludge pump (It is not shown in figure)Input terminal sealing be connected.
During implementation, the output terminal of preferably described water inlet pipe 2 is fixedly mounted on the top position of vertical 1 side wall of tank body, described The input terminal of water inlet pipe 2 passes through pipeline and elevator pump(It is not shown in figure)Output terminal be connected.
Above-mentioned integrated domestic sewage treatment device uses vertical tank body 1, so can be substantially more using vertical empty Between, have the advantages that floor space is small, the place for being more suitable for land used anxiety is installed and used, therefore uses more flexible, practicality.
In addition, the housing of vertical tank body 1 is made by stainless steel material in above-mentioned integrated domestic sewage treatment device, no The yield strength of rust steel is equivalent to 1.5 times of carbon steel, is equivalent to 6 times of fiberglass, therefore uses vertical made from stainless steel material The housing of tank body 1 has preferably shock resistance, impact resistance and corrosion resistance.At the same time, using made from stainless steel material The service life of the housing of vertical tank body 1 is 15 times of the treatment tank that concrete is constructed or more, therefore using stainless steel material The service life of the housing of vertical tank body 1 obtained can ensure at 10 years or more, so as to significantly reduce use cost.
To sum up, the above-mentioned housing using vertical tank body 1 made from stainless steel material is enabled at integral life sewage Managing equipment integrally can be durable.
Wherein, the sidewall surfaces of the housing of the vertical tank body 1 are in undulated.
Countless bending places can be formed by contoured surface using the housing of above-mentioned side wall, so as to pass through bending Place thickens side wall, promotes the structural strength of side wall entirety.
Wherein, the vertical cross section shape of the side wall of the housing of the vertical tank body 1 is the wave continuously to rise and fall on vertical Shape.
It is corrugated it is undulated seem more regular, so as to be more convenient for that stainless steel plate being processed by punching press, drop Low difficulty of processing, and beneficial to raising processing efficiency.
Wherein, the sidewall thickness of the housing of the vertical tank body 1 is 3 millimeters.
This be it is a kind of most preferably, the housing of vertical tank body 1 is manufactured using the stainless steel plate of 3 millimeters thicks, can not only be obtained Required intensity is obtained, also saves material the most;In addition, the stainless steel plate of 3 millimeters thicks itself is also relatively thin, punching press machine-shaping is set Standby requirement is lower, more conducively reduces manufacture cost.
The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device(It is as of the invention)Including lifting support 5 and lifting driving knot Structure;The whole top position for being suspended in the vertical tank body 1 of lifting support 5, and can be under lifting driving structure driving Realize vertical lifting;
One end of the drainpipe 3 is water inlet end 31, and the other end is water outlet;Wherein, the water inlet end 31 of the drainpipe 3 is fixed The highest water surface in vertical tank body 1 can be risen above on the lifting support 5 and with lifting support 5 or with liter The highest water surface that descending branch frame 5 is decreased below in vertical tank body 1 can simultaneously intake;The water outlet of the drainpipe 3 is used for vertical The 1 outer water delivery of formula tank body.
Other people use and supporting rack are installed on the ground of vertical 1 one side of tank body, and are set at the top of supporting rack positioned at vertical The suspension of 1 over top of tank body, and finally set the suspenders such as electric block similary to form the structure of lifting support 5 on suspension It should be regarded as falling into the protection domain of this patent.
Discharge outlet in the technical solution of existing " a kind of Novel sewage tank " is consistently lower than the highest water surface in tank body, this Sample enters tank body by water inlet and processed sewage easily enters discharge outlet not yet, reduces the water outlet water through discharge outlet Matter.At the same time, the position that discharge outlet is set on tank body in existing " a kind of Novel sewage tank " is fixed, is set excessively high Displacement can be caused few, setting is too low easily to discharge the sediment of tank base, therefore is difficult to obtain preferable drainage effect.
And in said structure, using after the lifting support 5 that can realize vertical lifting, it becomes possible to dirty in vertical tank body 1 In water treatment procedure so that the water inlet end 31 of drainpipe 3 is avoided higher than the highest water surface in vertical tank body 1 in sewage disposal Sewage enters drainpipe 3 in journey.The sewage disposal in vertical tank body 1(Aeration such as staticly settles at the processing)After, drainpipe 3 Water inlet end 31 be decreased below the highest water surface in vertical tank body 1 and draining with lifting support 5, and the water inlet end 31 is by water It is gradually reduced at face, always by supernatant liquor in vertical tank body 1(Water quality is best)Discharge, it is ensured that the water quality discharged through drainpipe 3 More preferably.As it can be seen that above-mentioned integrated domestic sewage treatment device has the function admirable for following water level, drainage effect is preferably excellent Point.
In addition, the water inlet end 31 of drainpipe 3 in above-mentioned integrated domestic sewage treatment device is used as with lifting branch The structure of 5 times Yield rainfall relations of frame also allows for by controlling the falling head of lifting support 5 single being controlled to discharge water and delivery ratio (Discharge water capacity accounts for the ratio of entire vertical 1 water storage inner cavity of tank body, 11 volume).
In addition, for compared to water decanter, using above-mentioned lifting support 5 and 3 matched row of drainpipe in said structure Water-bound has the advantages of compact-sized, occupied space smaller, more conducively promotes the compact of integrated domestic sewage treatment device The advantages of property.
Wherein, a water-supply-pipe is provided at the water outlet of the drainpipe 3, the water delivery seal of tube is through described vertical The middle and lower part side-walls of the housing of tank body 1 are located at one end inside vertical tank body 1 on the water-supply-pipe and pass through telescopic hose It is connected with the sealing of water inlet end 31 of the drainpipe 3.
Said structure may be such that the structure being connected between " water outlet of drainpipe 3 " and " water inlet end 31 of drainpipe 3 " most Letter, and the vertical lifting with lifting support 5 is engaged well, meets lifting requirement.
In addition, with the above structure, the water inlet end 31 of drainpipe 3 can be kept to be consistently higher than the water outlet of drainpipe 3, So as to preferably using the gravity of water come outside draining, it is ensured that draining it is unimpeded.
Wherein, it is described lifting driving structure include lifting decelerating motor 61, drive bevel gear 62, driven wheel of differential 63, Intermediate propeller shaft 64, leading screw 65, nut 66 and bevel gear pair 67;
The lifting decelerating motor 61 is fixedly mounted on the lifting support 5, the shaft of the lifting driving decelerating motor Downwards, drive bevel gear 62 there are one coaxially being fixed in the shaft, the circumferencial direction of the drive bevel gear 62 are uniform Interval engagement is connected at least two driven wheel of differential 63, wherein each driven wheel of differential 63 is sleeved on an intermediate propeller shaft 64 One end, the axial direction of the intermediate propeller shaft 64 and the axial direction of the shaft are perpendicular;The other end of every intermediate propeller shaft 64 point The upper end for the screw not being vertically arranged by bevel gear pair 67 with one, which is engaged, to be connected, and the shank portion of every screw passes through screw thread It is screwed in a nut, each nut is fixedly mounted on the side wall of vertical tank body 1.
During implementation, the drive bevel gear 62 is mounted in driven wheel of differential 63 in same gear-box.Screw and centre Bevel gear pair 67 between transmission shaft 64 is mounted in same gear-box.
The operation principle of above-mentioned lifting driving structure is:Lifting drives the drive bevel gear in shaft with decelerating motor 61 62 rotate, and drive bevel gear 62 rotates drives multiple driven wheel of differential 63 to rotate simultaneously, and multiple driven wheel of differential 63 are rotated by band Dynamic intermediate propeller shaft 64 rotates, and intermediate propeller shaft 64 drives screw to rotate by bevel gear pair 67 because nut be integrally fixed at it is vertical On the side wall of formula tank body 1, so the rotation of screw can realize screw vertical by the thread fitting between screw and nut On lifting, so as to fulfill the vertical lifting that lifting support 5 is whole.
Above-mentioned lifting driving structure not only have it is simple in structure, control the advantages of easy;And the spiral shell between screw and nut Line, which is connected, can also bear total weight and the /V of lifting support 5, it is ensured that the reliability that lifting support 5 lifts.
Wherein, mating there are one the nut mounting cylinder 68 that is vertically arranged, the lateral surfaces and spiral shell of each nut for each nut It is fixedly linked between the medial surface of female mounting cylinder 68, and the openend that the upper end of the nut mounting cylinder 68 is screw mandrel insertion, The lateral surface of the nut mounting cylinder 68 is fixed on the lateral wall of vertical tank body 1.
It, can be pre- by vertical 1 top position of tank body when nut mounting cylinder 68 is integrally attached to the lateral wall of vertical tank body 1 It reserves and carrys out and save sewage, promote the storage capacity and sewage treatment capacity of vertical tank body 1.
In addition, the use of above-mentioned nut mounting cylinder 68, can not only be increased and vertical tank body 1 by nut mounting cylinder 68 Degree of being connected firmly between side wall, it is ensured that screw thread is screwed on reliable between the nut and leading screw 65 that are fixed in nut mounting cylinder 68 Property.Can also screw and nut be lived by 68 hood guard of nut mounting cylinder, play preferably protective effect.
The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device(It is as of the invention)Vertically arranged cartridge filter 7 is further included, The lower end of the cartridge filter has bottom plate 71;The water inlet end 31 of the drainpipe 3 is fixed with the bottom plate 71 of the cartridge filter It is connected, and the water inlet end 31 of the drainpipe 3 inside the cartridge filter with connecting.
The setting of above-mentioned cartridge filter can not only be filtered the water of the water inlet end 31 into drainpipe 3.Also have with The advantages of notable down:
1st, the filtering surface of cartridge filter is not easy to plug, and filtering function is persistently reliable, and reason is:Cartridge filter with lifting support 5 in water Lifting, can not only cross drainage, additionally it is possible to generate between cartridge filter surface and water by decline process vertical opposite Movement, which can play the effect to cartridge filter surface clean, so that the filtering surface of cartridge filter is not easy to plug, Filtering function is persistently reliable.
2nd, the ability of drainage excessively is stronger, and reason is:After part below at the top of cartridge filter sinks under the water, it is located on cartridge filter The hydraulic pressure that underwater part is born from top to bottom gradually increases, and as hydraulic pressure gradually increases, then section surface is held on cartridge filter The hydraulic pressure received is smaller, and the hydraulic pressure that cartridge filter hypomere is born is larger, therefore the flow of cartridge filter hypomere filtration treatment water also increases therewith And the cartridge filter surface of hypomere is locally easily blocked.But because the depth that cartridge filter is integrally located at underwater portion differs, Even if cartridge filter hypomere local filtration hole is blocked, the influence to the filtering function of entire cartridge filter is also little.
As it can be seen that the setting of above-mentioned cartridge filter, has filtering function more powerful, the ability of drainage excessively is stronger, filter effect More preferably, the advantages of filtering is persistently reliable.
The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device further includes cartridge filter back-flushing structure, the cartridge filter recoil Washing structure includes cartridge filter supporting rod 81 and backwash tube;
The upper end of the cartridge filter supporting rod 81 is mounted on lifting support 5, and the upper end of the cartridge filter is openend, the mistake The hypomere of filter cylinder supporting rod 81 is inserted into the inside of the cartridge filter, and the lower end of the cartridge filter supporting rod 81 and the cartridge filter The upper surface of bottom plate 71 is fixedly linked;
The flushing pipeline section 82 of the backwash tube, which is inserted, to be consolidated in the inside of the cartridge filter, and the flushing pipeline section 82 of the backwash tube Hole for water spraying towards the cartridge filter inner wall.
It, can be easily in uphill process after the completion of cartridge filter draining to mistake after above-mentioned cartridge filter back-flushing structure is set Filter cylinder is backwashed, and removes the impurity being trapped in filter material layer, makes cartridge filter when filtering next time but also with optimal filtering Ability, it is ensured that cartridge filter obtains persistently reliable filtering function.
Wherein, the cartridge filter back-flushing structure further includes backwash decelerating motor 83, the backwash electricity that slows down Machine 83 is fixedly mounted on the lifting support 5, and the backwash with the shaft of decelerating motor 83 downward and with the filtering The upper end of cylinder supporting rod 81 is fixedly linked.
During implementation, preferably backwash decelerating motor 83 and lifting decelerating motor 61 are same decelerating motor.So It can be ensured that structure is the simplest, control is more reliable.And during lifting support 5 declines, this decelerating motor also can Cartridge filter is driven to rotate together with so that generate relative motion between the lateral surface and the water surface of cartridge filter, which can rise To the effect for rinsing cleaning cartridge filter outer surface.
Using the above structure, backwash decelerating motor 83 can drive cartridge filter supporting rod 81 and cartridge filter to rotate, mistake The rotational energy of filter cylinder increases cartridge filter inner wall and is backwashed the water flushing area for rinsing pipeline section 82 and spraying of pipe, and then promotes recoil The cleaning effect washed.
Wherein, the flushing pipeline section 82 of the backwash tube is vertically arranged, the height of the flushing pipeline section 82 of backwash tube with The medial surface of the cartridge filter it is highly consistent, and the flushing pipeline section 82 of backwash tube is generally adjacent to the inside of the cartridge filter Face;The part nearest apart from cartridge filter medial surface is disposed with more from top to bottom on the side of the flushing pipeline section 82 of the backwash tube A hole for water spraying.
During implementation, the beeline of the preferably medial surface for rinsing pipeline section 82 and cartridge filter of backwash tube is less than 5 centimetres.
With the above structure, the structure that can not only cause the flushing pipeline section 82 of backwash tube is most simple, so as to be more convenient for Processing and installation;Medial surface of the flushing pipeline section 82 of backwash tube apart from cartridge filter can also be caused closer to so that by anti- The water that the flush pipe of flush pipe sprays has the impact cleaning force of bigger, and acquisition more preferably backwashes cleaning effect.
Integrated domestic sewage treatment device further include with vertical 1 matching used multifunctional ligand casing 9 of tank body, it is described more Function includes clear water collecting box 91 with casing 9, and the inside of the clear water collecting box 91 has clear water collecting chamber, and the clear water is collected Chamber is connected with the water outlet sealing of drainpipe 3.
During implementation, preferably the water inlet end 31 of backwash tube is connected with the bottom of the clear water collecting chamber, and passes through backwash Clear water in clear water collecting chamber is promoted to the flushing pipeline section 82 of backwash tube by pump.
The setting of above-mentioned clear water collecting box 91 can be used in collection and the water outlet after filtering handled by vertical tank body 1;It is also convenient for Water in clear water collecting box 91 is observed, sampled and monitored or sterilized, preferably ensures to set through integral life sewage processing The water quality of water outlet after standby processing.
At the same time, clear water collecting box 91 is independently of the set-up mode of vertical tank body 1, it may have assembles up more flexible The advantages of.
Wherein, projection of shape of the clear water collecting box 91 on vertical is bending strip structure, clear water collecting box 91 The medial surface of bending strip structure can fit with the lateral surface of vertical tank body 1.
It is strong that clear water collecting box 91 using the above structure can not only promote self structure by bending strip structure Degree, additionally it is possible to be drawn close with the bottom of vertical tank body 1, promote the firmness of vertical 1 bottom of tank body positioning.
Wherein, the multifunctional ligand casing 9 further includes equipment installs case, and the equipment installs case inside points are separated with multiple rooms Between.
The setting of above equipment installs case is mounted on each room convenient for the related mating equipment of sewage disposal is placed It is interior, it can not only so be convenient for carrying out Maintenance and Repair to various equipment in time, be also convenient for dimension inspection personnel and view corresponding room in time Interior equipment, and realize quick dimension inspection;In addition, equipment installs case can also play the role of sound insulation and hood guard, preferably really Protecting various equipment, persistently reliably operation uses.
Wherein, projection of shape of the equipment installs case on vertical is bending strip structure, the equipment installs case The medial surface of bent structure can fit with the lateral surface of vertical tank body 1.
Equipment installs case using the above structure can not only promote self structure intensity by bending strip structure, It can also be drawn close with the bottom of vertical tank body 1, promote the firmness of vertical 1 bottom of tank body positioning.
During implementation, the shape of preferably vertical tank body 1 is cylindrical shape, clear water collecting box 91 and equipment installs case on vertical Projection of shape is semicircle arcuation strip structure, and clear water collecting box 91 and equipment installs case are also made using stainless steel material, and clear The bottom of vertical tank body 1 is surrounded after water collection tank 91 and the docking of equipment installs case.
During implementation, the multiple room is to be sequentially arranged along the length direction of equipment installs case.
Wherein, the multiple room include elevator pump between, 92, control room 93 and backwashing pump equipment room between blower equipment 94。
The elevator pump connected between the elevator pump for the sealing of water inlet pipe 2 installed to vertical tank body 1.
92 air blower supplied for installation to aeration tube 4 between the blower equipment.It avoids and is separately provided air blower Room can set acoustical cotton, and spaces compact in the unit, can reach preferable noise reduction.
The control room 93 is for installing control elevator pump, air blower, lifting decelerating motor 61 and backwash with subtracting The switch board of 83 grade of speed motor(Including electrical control system and automatic control system), control room 93 and waste water control equipment are tight Close setting is conducive to operate and overhaul on the spot.
The backwashing pump equipment room 94 is used to install backwash water pump and control valve.So as to be conducive to execute-in-place and inspection It repaiies, avoids many places outside structures that valve well is set.
During implementation, preferably the multiple room is further included 95 between thimerosal storage, and 95 disappear for storing between thimerosal storage Venom avoids emptying interior setting disinfection room outside, can shorten the length of dosing pipeline, lengthening disinfection time.
It is preferred that stick the room name in the room in the inlet in each room.
Second of embodiment, is not shown in figure:
The thickness of the housing of the vertical tank body is 5 millimeters.
Backwash is respectively a decelerating motor with motor and lifting with decelerating motor, and backwash motor and lifting are used Decelerating motor is controlled respectively by control room.
The third embodiment, is not shown in figure:
The lifting driving structure includes fixing bracket, air compressor machine and lifting driving cylinder, the fixing bracket and is fixedly mounted on The top position of vertical tank body, the air compressor machine are fixedly mounted on the fixing bracket, and the lifting driving cylinder is vertically fixed On the fixing bracket and the lifting drives the piston rod of cylinder downward and lower end is fixed with the lifting support 5.
It is described backwash motor by air motor come instead of using.
Using the sanitary sewage disposal side of the integrated domestic sewage treatment device described in any one in three of the above embodiment Method comprises the following steps:
The first step:Water inlet, is intake so that water storage in water storage inner cavity 11 by water inlet pipe 2 to the water storage inner cavity 11 of vertical tank body 1 After the water surface reaches predetermined altitude, stop water inlet;
Second step:Aeration makees Air Exposure by the sewage of the water storage inner cavity 11 of 4 vertical tank body 1 of aeration tube, is aerated pre- timing Between after, stop aeration;
3rd step:It staticly settles;
4th step:Draining exports the clear water after the completion of processing by drainpipe 3;
It is sequentially repeated above step.
Above-mentioned domestic sewage processing method substitutes the mode of operation of space segmentation using the mode of operation of time segmentation, non- Stablize biochemical reaction and substitute stable state biochemical reaction, stand preferable precipitation and substitute traditional dynamic precipitation.It is mainly characterized by Orderly and intermittently operated in operation, and cause vertical tank body 1 collect homogenizing, it is just heavy, biodegradable, two the functions such as sink in a pond, Sludge recirculation system need not be set.
During above-mentioned Air Exposure, activated sludge is enabled to be sufficiently mixed with sewage and is contacted so that activated sludge In microorganism can fully decompose dirty Organic substance in water.
During implementation, wherein, the 4th step draining while, is filtered water.
The sewage disposal cycle of operation of above-mentioned domestic sewage processing method is by filling time, reaction time(When being aerated Between), sedimentation time, draining sludge-drainage time and standby time determines.
Wherein, the filling time should determine according to the aeration mode employed in specific water quality and operational process.When adopting With Limited Aeration mode and into the concentration of water pollutant it is higher when, the filling time should suitably take longer;When using non-limitation Aeration mode and into the concentration of water pollutant it is relatively low when, the filling time can suitably take shorter.Filling time generally takes 1~4 H.
Wherein, the definite of reaction time numerical value is similarly dependent in operational process sludge in the property of sewage, reactor The factors such as concentration and aeration mode.For the disposable waste water of sanitary sewage class, the reaction time can take it is shorter, otherwise to containing The waste water of hard-degraded substance or noxious material, reaction time can suitably take longer.Generally in 2~8h.
Wherein, the sedimentation and drawing time is generally designed by 2~4h.
Wherein, standby time is generally designed by 2h.
Above-mentioned integrated domestic sewage treatment device this have the advantage that:
1st, sewage treating efficiency improves, anaerobism in vertical tank body 1, aerobic in alternating state, good purification.
2nd, operational effect is stablized, and sewage is precipitated under preferable stationary state, it is necessary to the time is short, efficient, effluent quality It is good.
3rd, anti impulsion load.Always there is the processing water of delay in vertical tank body 1, have dilution, cushioning effect to sewage, effectively It resists boosted pump and water inlet pipe 2 enters to the impact of the sewage in vertical tank body 1.
4th, each process in processing procedure can be adjusted according to water quality, water, flexible operation.
5th, processing equipment is few, simple structure, easy to operation and maintenance management.
6th, in vertical tank body 1 in short transverse there are DO, BOD5 concentration gradient, can effectively control activated sludge bulking.
7th, it is suitable for combined type structure domestic sewage processing system, beneficial to the enlarging and transformation of waste water treatment plant.
8th, the suitable control method of operation realizes aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic state alternating, has more good denitrogenation dephosphorizing Effect.
9th, technological process is simple, low cost.Only there are one the batch-type intermittent reactions being made of vertical tank body 1 for main equipment Pond, no secondary settling tank, sludge recirculation system, regulating reservoir, primary sedimentation tank can also omit, characteristics of compact layout, small accommodation area.
10th, use scope has been widened, particularly in the place of small-scale sewage treatment plants land used anxiety or to built Transformation of continuous flow sewage treatment plant etc. has a wide range of applications.
It the above is only above-mentioned preferred embodiment, need to point out it is not depart from this technology for those skilled in the art On the premise of scheme, several modifications and improvements can also be made, the technical solution of above-mentioned modification and improvement should be equally contemplated as falling within The scope that the claims are claimed.

Claims (8)

1. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device is included in the vertical tank body of integrated domestic sewage treatment device The drainpipe of upper setting, it is characterised in that:Further include lifting support and lifting driving structure;The lifting support is integrally suspended in The top position of the vertical tank body, and can realize vertical lifting under lifting driving structure driving;
One end of the drainpipe is water inlet end, and the other end is water outlet;Wherein, the water inlet end of the drainpipe is fixedly mounted on The in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank can be risen above on the lifting support and with lifting support or declined with lifting support It can simultaneously intake to less than the in vivo highest water surface of vertical tank;The water outlet of the drainpipe is used for the external water delivery of vertical tank.
2. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The draining A water-supply-pipe is provided at the water outlet of pipe, the water delivery seal of tube is through the middle and lower part side wall of the housing of the vertical tank body Locate, the water inlet end sealing that one end inside vertical tank body passes through telescopic hose and the drainpipe is located on the water-supply-pipe Connection.
3. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The lifting Driving structure includes lifting decelerating motor, drive bevel gear, driven wheel of differential, intermediate propeller shaft, leading screw, nut and bevel gear It is secondary;
The lifting is fixedly mounted on decelerating motor on the lifting support, and the shaft of the lifting driving decelerating motor is vertical Downward, coaxially fixed there are one drive bevel gear in the shaft, the circumferencial direction uniform intervals of the drive bevel gear engage At least two driven wheel of differential are connected with, wherein each driven wheel of differential is sleeved on one end of an intermediate propeller shaft, among this The axial direction of transmission shaft and the axial direction of the shaft are perpendicular;The other end of every intermediate propeller shaft passes through bevel gear pair and one respectively The upper end engagement for the screw that root is vertically arranged is connected, and the shank portion of every screw is screwed in by screw thread in a nut, often A nut is fixedly mounted on the side wall of vertical tank body.
4. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Each nut It is mating there are one the nut mounting cylinder that is vertically arranged, it is fixed between the lateral surface of each nut and the medial surface of nut mounting cylinder It is connected, and the openend that the upper end of the nut mounting cylinder is screw mandrel insertion, the lateral surface of the nut mounting cylinder are fixed on On the lateral wall of vertical tank body.
5. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It further includes perpendicular To the cartridge filter of setting, the lower end of the cartridge filter has bottom plate;Under the water inlet end of the drainpipe and the cartridge filter End plate is fixedly linked, and the water inlet end of the drainpipe inside the cartridge filter with connecting.
6. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It further included Filter cylinder back-flushing structure, the cartridge filter back-flushing structure include cartridge filter supporting rod and backwash tube;
The upper end of the cartridge filter supporting rod is mounted on lifting support, and the upper end of the cartridge filter is openend, the filtering The hypomere of cylinder supporting rod is inserted into the inside of the cartridge filter, and the lower end of the cartridge filter supporting rod and the bottom plate of the cartridge filter Upper surface be fixedly linked;
The flushing pipeline section of the backwash tube, which is inserted, to be consolidated in the inside of the cartridge filter, and the spray of the flushing pipeline section of the backwash tube Water hole is towards the inner wall of the cartridge filter.
7. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:The filtering Cylinder back-flushing structure further includes backwash decelerating motor, and the backwash is fixedly mounted on the lifting support with decelerating motor On, and the backwash is fixedly linked downward and with the upper end of the cartridge filter supporting rod with the shaft of decelerating motor.
8. the discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:The recoil The flushing pipeline section of pipe is washed to be vertically arranged, the height of flushing pipeline section and the height one of the medial surface of the cartridge filter of backwash tube It causes, and the flushing pipeline section of backwash tube is generally adjacent to the medial surface of the cartridge filter;The flushing pipeline section of the backwash tube The part nearest apart from cartridge filter medial surface is disposed with multiple hole for water sprayings from top to bottom on side.
CN201810083915.1A 2018-01-29 2018-01-29 The discharge structure of integrated domestic sewage treatment device Pending CN108046546A (en)

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CN206737107U (en) * 2017-05-19 2017-12-12 国家电网公司 A kind of storage station's factory building infiltration emptier
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB233839A (en) * 1924-03-29 1925-05-21 Brown William Improvements in and relating to water heaters or the like
JPH05285473A (en) * 1992-04-09 1993-11-02 Nishihara Environ Sanit Res Corp Scum and supernatant liquid discharge device of batchwise treatment tank
CN101333059A (en) * 2008-07-18 2008-12-31 武汉理工大学 Drainage combined with sludge-cleaning vehicle sludge-water separating system
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CN115465905B (en) * 2022-08-16 2023-12-22 惠瑞工程集团有限公司 Sewage treatment system for river channel

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