CN108041155A - A kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape - Google Patents
A kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape Download PDFInfo
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- CN108041155A CN108041155A CN201711400278.8A CN201711400278A CN108041155A CN 108041155 A CN108041155 A CN 108041155A CN 201711400278 A CN201711400278 A CN 201711400278A CN 108041155 A CN108041155 A CN 108041155A
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- precooling
- grape
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- differential pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23B7/0425—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material not being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23B7/0425—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material not being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
- A23B7/0433—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material not being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes with packages or with shaping in the form of blocks or portions
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, through orthogonal experiment method optimize technique, pre- cold efficiency is improved by two benches gradient type differential pressure precooling method, the wind-warm syndrome in fast precooling stage uses 3 DEG C, 1.0 m/s of differential pressure wind speed, the central temperature of grape fruit is cooled to 3 DEG C in advance, differential pressure uniform in effect, the wind-warm syndrome of differential pressure precooling and wind speed reciprocation are apparent, the multiplication of rate of temperature fall 1.23 ~ 1.75 can be generated, grape does not damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature generation during precooling, fringe obstructs, carpopodium color chlorisis, drying shrinkage unobvious, the Red globe grape fruit ear temperature fluctuation amplitude of precooling treatment is small, respiratory intensity and moisture fluctuation are relatively stable, solve the problems, such as that the disease easily generated after Red globe grape picking since precooling preservation is improper is rotten, there is wide applicability and Development volue in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing field.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to the technical fields of preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing, and specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of Red globe grape is pre-
The technical field of cooling method.
Background technology
Red globe grape is commonly called as red grape, Eurasian kind, originates in California, USA, university is found by California, USA
Researcher carries out the grape variety that cross experiment cultivation forms the seventies.From China introduce within 1987 the kind with
Come, North China and the performance of northwest China regional culture are fabulous, and fruit quality is excellent, late-maturing, storage tolerance, and high yield, is Developing Grape
Preferred high-quality and efficient kind.Red globe grape fruit is rounded or oval, the grain that is averaged weigh 11-14 grams, and maximum is 23 grams reachable,
For preferable fruit up to the size of table tennis, fruit, which, gives birth to elastic appropriateness, straight uniform；Thick in pericarp, fruit is in peony；Fruit
Meat is firmly crisp, and yellowish pink is sub-translucent white, represents the content of its sugar, can chip, sweet tasty, pure flavor is solvable
Property solid content 14% -18%, quality extremely on, carpopodium is long, is tightly combined with fruit, is not easy breach；Fruit brush is coarse, raw extremely firm
Gu resistance to pulling force is extremely strong, not threshing, fruit can far transport on the way and long-term storage, can store to March in next year.The Xinjiang sunshine-duration
Long, day and night temperature is big, the rich production of grape and it is sweet, be in great demand interiorly to Xinjiang grape, the precooling treatment of grape seems non-
It is often important, it otherwise can influence mouthfeel and inferior quality problem caused by grape storage for a long time and transport.
It differential pressure precooling or is cooled down for forced ventilation, is a kind of pre- refrigeration technique suitable on water fruits and vegetables or cut-flower,
The mode of cooling is that cold wind is forced to enter in packing case, and cold air with high wind speed is made directly to be contacted with product, and principle is profit
With the negative-pressure air fan of Wind Volume packing case both sides is made to cause pressure differential, cold wind is made to enter packaging by packing case positive pressure one side ventilation hole
With being come out after product contact heat-exchanging by negative pressure one side ventilation hole in case, while the torrid zone in case is walked.Existing Pre-cooling equipment it is pre-
In cold house, it is only capable of putting less pre- cold material.Reason is that Turnround basket stacking height is high not above 6 casees, stacking height of materials
High by 30% in Jin Zhan fore-cooling rooms, excessively high position is not with negative-pressure air fan in the same horizontal position, and negative pressure air quantity is smaller, and precooling is not
Uniformly, efficiency is low.Existing differential pressure precooling means are by the direct fast cooling of grape fruit ear to reserve temperature, each spot temperature of fruit ear
Uneven, breathing is not totally constrained, it may appear that fruit ear is risen again, respiratory intensity is gone up, the relative humidity packed quickly raises, and is made
The problem of bleaching fruit ear into packaging moisture condensation ponding, the soft rotten, antistaling agent of fruit, commodity rate relatively low 5.3%~19.4%.
Grape is the fringe type fruit of non-transition type, and climacteric does not occur after adopting for fruit ear, breathe no more peak, in precooling process
Fruit ear temperature declines generation respiratory intensity and is lower；And the acetate releasing quantity of fruit ear has small size rise fluctuation, it may be with declining naturally
Always, endogenous ethylene metaboilic level improves related；On the premise of there is no commodity rate evaluation, only by pre- determined by the speed of precooling
More problem existing for cold technique meeting.Existing literature report thinks that wind-warm syndrome is lower, pre- cold efficiency is higher, but precooling temperature is too low
Chilling Injury may be triggered, current grape differential pressure forecooling method easily generates that differential pressure precooling is uneven, wet in packaging after storage
The phenomenon that degree rise, can accelerate to pack interior titanium dioxide sulfur type antistaling agent concentration reaction and release is excessive, cause to store dioxy early period
Changing sulphur, largely physiological damage even occurs for residual；And anaphase storage antistaling agent has been completed to react, and discharges and inhibits without sulfur dioxide
Fruit ear microorganism disease, and have the risk of the soft corruption of disease.Red globe grape be at present compared with storage tolerance and transport grape variety, but
It is that the kind is more sensitive to sulfur dioxide, therefore, if blindly imitating the popular Portugal such as huge peak, longan, rose fragrant in production
Antistaling agent and storage technique selected by grape kind easily cause storage to fail.
The content of the invention
For current Red globe grape precooling technique on the premise of no commodity rate is evaluated, only pass through the speed institute of precooling
Precooling temperature is too low existing for definite precooling technique meeting triggers Chilling Injury, the non-uniform technical problem of differential pressure precooling, this hair
It is bright to be intended to provide a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, through orthogonal experiment method optimize technique, pass through two ranks
The pre- cold efficiency of section gradient type differential pressure precooling method raising, differential pressure uniform in effect, the wind-warm syndrome and wind speed reciprocation of differential pressure precooling are bright
It is aobvious, the multiplication of rate of temperature fall 1.23~1.75 can be generated, grape does not damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature generation during precooling, and fringe stalk, carpopodium color chlorisis are done
Contracting unobvious, the Red globe grape fruit ear temperature fluctuation amplitude of precooling treatment is small, and respiratory intensity and moisture fluctuation are relatively stable, solution
Since precooling preserves the improper rotten problem of the disease easily generated after Red globe grape of having determined picking, have in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing field extensive
Practicability and Development volue.
What the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, specifically includes following steps：
(1) choose that fruit ear, fruit be complete, the Red globe grape of no disease and pests harm, contained after classification harvesting with material turnover basket,
Precooling treatment is carried out after picking in 2h -4h；
(2) material turnover basket is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting is filled through differential pressure precooling
It puts, under conditions of -6 DEG C to -3 DEG C of the air outlet temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.5m/s -2.0m/s in refrigeration system, by pre-cooler
The wind-warm syndrome of compartment vivo environment is down to 2 DEG C -5 DEG C, completes the fast cooling of carriage body environment；
(3) fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast prompt drop of material first stage
Temperature under conditions of -2 DEG C to -1 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets grape
The precooling outlet temperature in the stage is set to 2 DEG C -3 DEG C, is observed, record grape core temperature, reached using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder
Fluctuating range to grape fruit ear temperature during precooling end-temperature is less than ± 0.5 DEG C；
(4) 3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, reuse the pre-packaged fruit ear of PE freshness protection packages, after the completion of pre-packaged,
Set freezer -2.0 DEG C to -1.5 DEG C low speed slow precooling about 8h~10h of wind-warm syndrome, treat grape fruit ear respiratory intensity stablize to
15~20mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, after the fluctuating range of relative humidity is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch antistaling agent, by freshness protection package
Tying stores 90d -120d under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
Preferably, in the present invention, -3 DEG C of the wind-warm syndrome use in fast precooling stage, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, grape fruit
Central temperature is cooled to 3 DEG C in advance.
Preferably, in the present invention, differential pressure is adjusted by adjusting the distance of negative-pressure air fan of material turnover basket and pre-cooler
Wind speed.
In the present invention, Red globe grape uses the red earth in North SinKiang.
In the present invention, pre-cooler includes Heat Room and fore-cooling room, which is characterized in that the Heat Room and fore-cooling room close to
It sets, Heat Room and fore-cooling room partition plate top are equipped with air-cooler, and Heat Room and fore-cooling room's the lower partition are equipped with negative-pressure air fan；Precooling
Sealant is equipped in the middle part of room, fore-cooling room is divided into two spaces up and down, air cooler position in sealant close to Heat Room one end top,
Negative-pressure air fan is located at sealant close to Heat Room one end lower part, and sealant has Turnround basket, and fore-cooling room side is located at sealant
Top is equipped with cold air air outlet, and lower part is equipped with air inlet；Evaporator is equipped in Heat Room, evaporator is connected with air-cooler；It changes
Compressor is equipped with outside hot cell, compressor is connected by pipeline with evaporator and connect.
In the present invention, cryotronl is connected with evaporator on compressor, and high temperature pipe is connected with Heat Room on compressor, compressor
Cooling fan is equipped with below, is equipped with industrial ultrasonic humidifier and control cabinet beside compressor, industrial ultrasonic humidifier passes through humidification
Snorkel is connected with fore-cooling room.
Several groups of controls are equipped in the present invention, in control cabinet to switch, fore-cooling room's side wall is equipped with several groups of humitures and pops one's head in, control
System switch is electrically connected respectively with humiture probe, compressor, industrial ultrasonic humidifier and air-cooler.
In the present invention, Heat Room and fore-cooling room have a wheeled tethered sliding chassis, compressor, industrial ultrasonic humidifier and
Cooling fan is all disposed on wheeled tethered sliding chassis, and wheeled tethered sliding chassis forepart is equipped with draft arm, and wheeled traction moves
Dynamic tray bottom is equipped with condensed water overflow and exports, and condensed water overflow is exported and wheeled tethered sliding chassis anterior face and is connected.
In the present invention, three groups of cold airducts are arranged at sealant top, and every group of cold airduct and an air-cooler connect
It connects, intermediate cold airduct length is the half of both sides cold airduct length, and intermediate cold air channel is away from air-cooler
One end connected with both sides cold airduct, be close to fore-cooling room both sides respectively set 1 even wind interlayer, even wind interlayer is hollow to be set
It puts, the cold air channel at even wind interlayer and top is connected by cold air air outlet, and the even wind interlayer lower part on two sides is uniformly provided with
Ventilation hole, ventilation hole are rectangular.
In the present invention, even wind compartment thickness 300mm, ventilation hole transverse diameter 220mm, footpath 20mm, ventilation hole are indulged in rectangular ventilation holes
Between between left and right away from 150mm, between ventilation hole between the upper and lower away from 40mm, even wind interlayer plate face leave percent opening to 30% it is logical
Air holes.
In the present invention, Turnround basket is divided into two groups, is deposited in fore-cooling room both sides respectively, and air -return duct, air -return duct end are left in centre
Head is equipped with negative-pressure air fan.
In the present invention, fore-cooling room is equipped with fore-cooling room's door away from Heat Room one end, and Heat Room is externally provided with gas balance window.
By implementing technical scheme, following advantageous effect can be reached:
(1) present invention provides a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, through orthogonal experiment method optimize technique,
Pre- cold efficiency is improved by two benches gradient type differential pressure precooling method, incidence is low, percentage of water loss is low, solves Red globe grape and adopts
Since precooling preserves the improper rotten problem of the disease easily generated after plucking.
(2) a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape provided by the invention, the pre-cooler of use improve
Differential pressure intensity, and pass through the special even wind interlayer of device, the ventilation hole of percent opening to 30% is left in even wind interlayer plate face, makes this
Invention ensure differential pressure uniform in effect, the wind-warm syndrome and wind speed reciprocation of differential pressure precooling are apparent, can generate rate of temperature fall 1.23~
1.75 multiplications, grape does not damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature generation during precooling, fringe stalk, carpopodium color chlorisis, drying shrinkage unobvious, precooling treatment redly
Ball grape fruit ear temperature fluctuation amplitude is small, and respiratory intensity and moisture fluctuation are relatively stable, has in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing field extensive
Practicability and Development volue.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is shown as the disparity map of soft rotten rate after precooling different time span grape harvest.
Fig. 2 is shown as the differential pressure precooling air temperature variations figure apart from wind turbine different position.
Fig. 3 is shown as the core temperature variation of the differential pressure precooling grape apart from wind turbine different position.
Fig. 4 is shown as the cross-sectional structure diagram of pre-cooler provided by the invention.
Fig. 5 is shown as pre-cooler vertical profile structure diagram provided by the invention.
Fig. 6 is shown as pre-cooler vertical profile structure diagram provided by the invention.
In Fig. 4-6,1- Heat Rooms, 2- fore-cooling rooms, 3- fore-cooling rooms door, 4- Turnround baskets, 5- sealants, 6- humidification snorkel,
7- air-coolers, 8- industrial ultrasonics humidifier, 9- humitures probe, 10- evaporators, 11- compressors, 12- cooling fans, 13- are cold
Condensate overflow outlet, 14- high temperature pipe, 15- control cabinets, 16- cryotronls, 17- draft arms, the wheeled tethered sliding chassis of 18-, 19-
Cold air air outlet, 20- cold airducts, 21- ventilation holes, 22- gas balance windows.
Specific embodiment
In the following, illustrating the present invention for embodiment, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Red globe grape that the present invention uses, material turnover basket, PE preservative films, electric thermo-couple temperature recorder, freshness protection package and
Antistaling agent etc. can be bought by public channel, Turnround basket (4), air-cooler (7) employed in technique, negative-pressure air fan, industry
Ultrasonic humidifier (8), humiture probe (9), evaporator (10), compressor (11), cooling fan (12), wheeled tethered sliding bottom
Disk (18) and gas window for keeping pressure balance (22) can be bought or be customized by public channel.
What all material, reagent and the instrument selected in the present invention were all well known in the art, but the reality of the present invention is not limited
It applies, other some reagents well known in the art and equipment are applied both to the implementation of implementation below of the present invention.
Embodiment one：The differential pressure precooling method of Red globe grape
The present invention provides a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, specifically includes following steps：
(1) choose that fruit ear, fruit be complete, the Red globe grape of no disease and pests harm, contained after classification harvesting with material turnover basket,
Precooling treatment is carried out after picking in 2h -4h；
(2) material turnover basket is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting is filled through differential pressure precooling
It puts, under conditions of -6 DEG C to -3 DEG C of the air outlet temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.5m/s -2.0m/s in refrigeration system, by pre-cooler
The wind-warm syndrome of compartment vivo environment is down to 2 DEG C -5 DEG C, completes the fast cooling of carriage body environment；
(3) fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast prompt drop of material first stage
Temperature under conditions of -2 DEG C to -1 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets grape
The precooling outlet temperature in the stage is set to 2 DEG C -3 DEG C, is observed, record grape core temperature, reached using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder
Fluctuating range to grape fruit ear temperature during precooling end-temperature is less than ± 0.5 DEG C；
(4) 3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, reuse the pre-packaged fruit ear of PE freshness protection packages, after the completion of pre-packaged,
Set freezer -2.0 DEG C to -1.5 DEG C low speed slow precooling about 8h~10h of wind-warm syndrome, treat grape fruit ear respiratory intensity stablize to
15~20mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, after relative humidity fluctuating range is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch antistaling agent, prick freshness protection package
Mouthful, 90d -120d is stored under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
Embodiment two：The pre-cooler that the differential pressure precooling method of Red globe grape uses
As shown in figs. 4 through 6, pre-cooler provided by the invention, including Heat Room (1) and fore-cooling room (2), the heat exchange
Room (1) is disposed proximate to fore-cooling room (2), and Heat Room (1) and fore-cooling room (2) partition plate top are equipped with air-cooler (7), Heat Room (1)
Negative-pressure air fan is equipped with fore-cooling room (2) partition plate top；Sealant (5) is equipped in the middle part of fore-cooling room (2) to be divided into fore-cooling room (2) up and down
Two spaces, air-cooler (7) are located at sealant (5) close to Heat Room (1) one end top, and negative-pressure air fan is located at sealant (5) and leans on
Nearly Heat Room (1) one end lower part, sealant (5) have Turnround basket (4), and fore-cooling room (2) side is located at sealant (5) top and sets
There is cold air air outlet (19), lower part is equipped with ventilation hole (21)；Be equipped with evaporator (10) in Heat Room (1), evaporator (10) with
Air-cooler (7) connects；Compressor (11) is equipped with outside Heat Room (1), compressor (11) is connected with evaporator (10) by pipeline.
In the present invention, cryotronl (16) and evaporator (10) connect on compressor (11), high temperature pipe on compressor (11)
(14) cooling fan (12) is equipped with below, industrial ultrasonic is equipped with beside compressor (11) with Heat Room (1) connection, compressor (11)
Humidifier (8) and control cabinet (15), industrial ultrasonic humidifier (8) are connected by humidifying snorkel (6) and fore-cooling room (2).
Several groups of controls are equipped in the present invention, in control cabinet (15) to switch, fore-cooling room (2) side wall is equipped with several groups of humitures
It pops one's head in (9), control switch is electric with humiture probe (9), compressor (11), industrial ultrasonic humidifier (8) and air-cooler (7) respectively
Property connection.
In the present invention, Heat Room (1) and fore-cooling room (2) have wheeled tethered sliding chassis (18), compressor (11), work
Industry ultrasonic humidifier (8) and cooling fan (12) are all disposed on wheeled tethered sliding chassis (18), wheeled tethered sliding chassis
(18) forepart is equipped with draft arm (17), and wheeled tethered sliding chassis (18) bottom is equipped with condensed water overflow and exports (13), condensed water
Overflow exports (13) and wheeled tethered sliding chassis (18) anterior face and is connected.
In the present invention, three groups of cold airducts (20), every group of cold airduct (20) and one are arranged at sealant (5) top
A air-cooler (7) connection, intermediate cold airduct (20) length is the half of both sides cold airduct (20) length, intermediate
The one end of cold air channel away from air-cooler (7) is connected with both sides cold airduct (20), and the both sides for being close to fore-cooling room (2) are each
The cold air channel (20) at 1 even wind interlayer of setting, the even hollow setting of wind interlayer, even wind interlayer and top passes through cold air outlet air
Mouth (19) connection, the even wind interlayer lower part on two sides are uniformly provided with ventilation hole (21), and ventilation hole (21) is rectangular.
In the present invention, even wind compartment thickness 300mm, ventilation hole (21) transverse diameter 220mm, rectangular ventilation holes (21) indulge footpath
20mm, between ventilation hole (21) between left and right away from 150mm, between ventilation hole (21) between the upper and lower away from 40mm, even wind interlayer plate face
Leave the ventilation hole (21) of percent opening to 30%.
In the present invention, Turnround basket (4) is divided into two groups, is deposited in fore-cooling room (2) both sides respectively, and air -return duct is left in centre, returns
Air passage end is equipped with negative-pressure air fan.
In the present invention, fore-cooling room (2) are equipped with fore-cooling room's door (3) away from Heat Room (1) one end, and Heat Room (1) is externally provided with gas
Body window for keeping pressure balance (22).
Embodiment three：The differential pressure precooling method of Red globe grape
The present invention provide a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, choose fruit ear, fruit completely, without disease pest
Harmful Red globe grape is contained with material turnover basket after classification harvesting, carries out precooling treatment after picking in 2h；By material turnover basket
It is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting is through differential pressure precooling device, in the air outlet temperature of refrigeration system
Under conditions of -6 DEG C of degree, differential pressure wind speed 1.5m/s, the wind-warm syndrome of pre-cooler compartment vivo environment is down to 2 DEG C, completes carriage body environment
Fast cooling；The fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast prompt drop of material first stage
Temperature under conditions of -2 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets the grape stage
Precooling outlet temperature be set to 2 DEG C, using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder observe, record grape core temperature, reach precooling end-temperature
When grape fruit ear temperature fluctuating range be less than ± 0.5 DEG C；3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, it is fresh-keeping to reuse PE
The pre-packaged fruit ear of bag after the completion of pre-packaged, set -2.0 DEG C of low speed of freezer wind-warm syndrome slow precooling about 8h, treats exhaling for grape fruit ear
Intensity stabilization is inhaled to 15mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, after relative humidity fluctuating range is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch antistaling agent, will
Freshness protection package tying, stores 90d under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
Example IV：The differential pressure precooling method of Red globe grape
The present invention provide a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, choose fruit ear, fruit completely, without disease pest
Harmful Red globe grape is contained with material turnover basket after classification harvesting, carries out precooling treatment after picking in 4h；By material turnover basket
It is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting is through differential pressure precooling device, in the air outlet temperature of refrigeration system
Under conditions of -3 DEG C of degree, differential pressure wind speed 2.0m/s, the wind-warm syndrome of pre-cooler compartment vivo environment is down to 5 DEG C, completes carriage body environment
Fast cooling；The fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast prompt drop of material first stage
Temperature under conditions of -1 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets the grape stage
Precooling outlet temperature be set to 3 DEG C, using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder observe, record grape core temperature, reach precooling end-temperature
When grape fruit ear temperature fluctuating range be less than ± 0.5 DEG C；3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, it is fresh-keeping to reuse PE
The pre-packaged fruit ear of bag after the completion of pre-packaged, set -1.5 DEG C of low speed of freezer wind-warm syndrome slow precooling about 10h, treats grape fruit ear
Respiratory intensity stabilization is to 20mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, after relative humidity fluctuating range is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch antistaling agent,
By freshness protection package tying, 120d is stored under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
Embodiment five：The differential pressure precooling method of Red globe grape
The present invention provide a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, choose fruit ear, fruit completely, without disease pest
Harmful Red globe grape is contained with material turnover basket after classification harvesting, carries out precooling treatment after picking in 3h；By material turnover basket
It is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting is through differential pressure precooling device, in the air outlet temperature of refrigeration system
Under conditions of -5 DEG C of degree, differential pressure wind speed 1.6m/s, the wind-warm syndrome of pre-cooler compartment vivo environment is down to 4 DEG C, completes carriage body environment
Fast cooling；The fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast prompt drop of material first stage
Temperature under conditions of -1.8 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets the grape rank
The precooling outlet temperature of section is set to 3 DEG C, is observed using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder, record grape core temperature, reaches precooling end
The fluctuating range of grape fruit ear temperature is less than ± 0.5 DEG C when warm；3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, reuse PE guarantors
The fresh pre-packaged fruit ear of bag after the completion of pre-packaged, set -1.7 DEG C of low speed of freezer wind-warm syndrome slow precooling about 8.5h, treats grape fruit ear
Respiratory intensity stabilization to 19mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, after relative humidity fluctuating range is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch fresh-keeping
Agent, by freshness protection package tying, 110d is stored under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
Embodiment six：The differential pressure precooling method of Red globe grape
The present invention provide a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, choose fruit ear, fruit completely, without disease pest
Harmful Red globe grape is contained with material turnover basket after classification harvesting, carries out precooling treatment after picking in 2.5h；By material cycling
Basket is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, and the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting is through differential pressure precooling device, in the air outlet of refrigeration system
Under conditions of -4 DEG C of temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.7m/s, the wind-warm syndrome of pre-cooler compartment vivo environment is down to 3.5 DEG C, completes carriage body
The fast cooling of environment；The fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast of material first stage
Prompt drop temperature under conditions of -1.2 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets grape
The precooling outlet temperature in the stage is set to 2 DEG C, is observed using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder, record grape core temperature, reaches pre-
The fluctuating range of grape fruit ear temperature is less than ± 0.5 DEG C during cold final temperature；3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, are reused
The pre-packaged fruit ear of PE freshness protection packages after the completion of pre-packaged, set -1.6 DEG C of low speed of freezer wind-warm syndrome slow precooling about 9h, treats grape fruit
The respiratory intensity stabilization of fringe is to 17mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, after relative humidity fluctuating range is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch fresh-keeping
Agent, by freshness protection package tying, 115d is stored under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
Embodiment seven：The differential pressure precooling method of Red globe grape
The present invention provide a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, choose fruit ear, fruit completely, without disease pest
Harmful Red globe grape is contained with material turnover basket after classification harvesting, carries out precooling treatment after picking in 3.5h；By material cycling
Basket is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, and the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting is through differential pressure precooling device, in the air outlet of refrigeration system
Under conditions of -4.5 DEG C of temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.9m/s, the wind-warm syndrome of pre-cooler compartment vivo environment is down to 3 DEG C, completes carriage body
The fast cooling of environment；The fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast of material first stage
Prompt drop temperature under conditions of -1.5 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, differential pressure wind speed 1.0m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets grape
The precooling outlet temperature in the stage is set to 2.5 DEG C, is observed, record grape core temperature, reached using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder
The fluctuating range of grape fruit ear temperature is less than ± 0.5 DEG C during precooling end-temperature；3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, then are made
With the pre-packaged fruit ear of PE freshness protection packages, after the completion of pre-packaged, -1.9 DEG C of low speed of freezer wind-warm syndrome slow precooling about 9.5h is set, treats Portugal
The respiratory intensity stabilization of grape fruit ear is to 16mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, after relative humidity fluctuating range is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch
Antistaling agent, by freshness protection package tying, 100d is stored under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
Embodiment eight：The differential pressure precooling method optimization of Red globe grape
It chooses the red earth in commercially available North SinKiang and following different scheme precooling is respectively adopted according to the method described in embodiment one：
Scheme 1：Picking and precooling interval time 2h, -6 DEG C of air outlet temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.5m/s, carriage body environment wind-warm syndrome
2 DEG C, -2 DEG C of fast precooling environment wind-warm syndrome, 2 DEG C of core final temperature, -2.0 DEG C of freezer wind-warm syndrome, pre-coo time 8h, respiratory intensity 15mg
(CO2)·kg-1h-1, storage time 90d.
Scheme 2：Picking and precooling interval time 4h, -3 DEG C of air outlet temperature, differential pressure wind speed 2.0m/s, carriage body environment wind-warm syndrome
5 DEG C, -1 DEG C of fast precooling environment wind-warm syndrome, 3 DEG C of core final temperature, -1.5 DEG C of freezer wind-warm syndrome, pre-coo time 10h, respiratory intensity
20mg(CO2)·kg-1h-1, storage time 120d.
Scheme 3：Picking and precooling interval time 3h, -5 DEG C of air outlet temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.6m/s, carriage body environment wind-warm syndrome
4 DEG C, -1.8 DEG C of fast precooling environment wind-warm syndrome, 3 DEG C of core final temperature, -1.7 DEG C of freezer wind-warm syndrome, pre-coo time 8.5h, respiratory intensity
19mg(CO2)·kg-1h-1, storage time 110d.
Scheme 4：Picking and precooling interval time 2.5h, -4 DEG C of air outlet temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.7m/s, carriage body ambient wind
3.5 DEG C of temperature, -1.2 DEG C of fast precooling environment wind-warm syndrome, 2 DEG C of core final temperature, -1.6 DEG C of freezer wind-warm syndrome, pre-coo time 9h, breathing are strong
Spend 17mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, storage time 115d.
Scheme 5：Picking and precooling interval time 3.5h, -4.5 DEG C of air outlet temperature, differential pressure wind speed 1.9m/s, carriage body environment
3 DEG C of wind-warm syndrome, -1.5 DEG C of fast precooling environment wind-warm syndrome, 2.5 DEG C of core final temperature, -1.9 DEG C of freezer wind-warm syndrome, pre-coo time 9.5h are exhaled
Inhale intensity 16mg (CO2)·kg-1h-1, storage time 100d.
The red earth in precooling North SinKiang prepared on above-mentioned experiment basis carries out sensory evaluation, Red globe grape sensory evaluation scores
Table is shown in Table 1.
Table 1：Red globe grape sensory evaluation scores table
1. orthogonal optimization Red globe grape formula
Experiment of single factor is designed, probes into the outlet air one's intention as revealed in what one says in fast precooling stage in Red globe grape differential pressure precooling method respectively
Temperature, the influence of environment wind-warm syndrome, core final temperature and freezer wind-warm syndrome to Red globe grape sense organ.On the basis of experiment of single factor into
Four factor of row, three horizontal quadrature is tested, and orthogonal test factor is shown in Table 2 with water-glass.
Table 2：Orthogonal test factor and water-glass
Orthogonal optimization Red globe grape differential pressure precooling method test result and analysis in table 3.
Table 3：Orthogonal experiments and analysis
By comparing the very poor of each index, each influence factor primary and secondary order is A>D>B>The outlet air of C, i.e. fast precooling stage
One's intention as revealed in what one says temperature is Red globe grape sensory evaluation major influence factors, followed by freezer wind-warm syndrome, environment wind-warm syndrome, core final temperature, root
According to each index in table 3 k1, k2 and k3 value and tendency chart as a result, determine each factor optimum level be combined as A3B1C3D2, i.e., it is red
The optimization differential pressure precooling technique of Globe Grape preparation method is：- 6 DEG C to -3 DEG C of the air outlet wind-warm syndrome in fast precooling stage, environment
- 2 DEG C to -1 DEG C of wind-warm syndrome, 2 DEG C -3 DEG C of core final temperature, -2 DEG C to -1.5 DEG C of freezer wind-warm syndrome；Preferably, fast precooling stage
- 3 DEG C of air outlet wind-warm syndrome, -2 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome, 3 DEG C of core final temperature, -1.75 DEG C of freezer wind-warm syndrome；In actual experiment, -3 DEG C of wind-warm syndrome
Precooling fruit：Generation, fringe stalk, carpopodium color chlorisis, drying shrinkage unobvious are not damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature during refrigeration, core temperature is down to 3 DEG C of ends
Only precooling, at this time fruit ear respiratory intensity declined about 68.5~74.6%, acetate releasing quantity to decline 84.4~90.1%, consider
Respiratory intensity and acetate releasing quantity comprehensive stability select core final temperature as 3 DEG C.
2. the precooling time limit influences soft corruption rate after grape harvest
Fig. 1 is shown as the disparity map of soft rotten rate after precooling different time span grape harvest, and Red globe grape adopts rear precooling, delay 1d
After precooling, delay 3d precoolings, soft rotten rate is refrigerated in 60d there are larger difference, wherein：Conventional freezer pre-cooling immediately after adopting
Grape, storage 40d commodity rates about 95.35% meet the requirement of marketing rate, store to 60d commodity rates and decline about 11.60%,
It has not been inconsistent market demands；The grape of delay 1d precoolings enters the soft rotten fruit ear for having 19.21% when storing, actual to be less than market demands
Commodity rate standard, storage 40d-60d healthy fruits are down to 37.43% by 71.21%, and fall is maximum；Postpone 3d precoolings
Grape enters soft rotten 66.51% when storing, without storage and sales value, until storage 40d commodity rates are full when being only 16.85%, 60d
The soft corruption in portion.Red globe grape adopt after should the precooling as early as possible on the day of, in production postpone 1d precoolings grape only can marketing fresh, be not suitable for storing
It hides.
3. the temperature change of -1 DEG C of condition differential pressure precooling difference stacked location of wind-warm syndrome
The key of differential pressure precooling is：After material stacking, covering, air is discharged by negative-pressure air fan, causes material stacking
Inside and outside there is air pressure difference, but the material air circulation that close wind turbine may occur is fast, precooling is fast, and the object remote apart from wind turbine
Expect the defects of air circulation is slow, precooling is slow.Fig. 2 is shown as the differential pressure precooling air temperature variations figure apart from wind turbine different position,
In precooling 1h, the material different apart from negative-pressure air fan position is down to from room temperature 5 DEG C of variation by the air themperature of pre- cold material
Tend to be parallel, the same time has about 5 DEG C of the temperature difference, and the nearlyer air themperature of distance is lower；The precooling for reaching same temperature adds up
Time phase difference about 15min, distance nearlyer time are shorter.The wind-warm syndrome (- 1 DEG C) of the close setting of air themperature after precooling 1h.
Fig. 3 is shown as the core temperature variation of the differential pressure precooling grape apart from wind turbine different position, different position stacking
The core temperature fall off rate of material differs greatly, and the uneven performance of precooling wind speed of equipment is apparent, and the core for reaching setting is pre-
Cold final temperature, the stacking fruit close to wind turbine only need 2h, and the fruit apart from wind turbine 1m is cooled to 1 DEG C in advance needs 5h, and apart from wind turbine 2m's
Fruit needs 13h.
By controlling packaging percent opening that canvas covering material turnover basket with holes, sail can be used to 30% raising differential pressure intensity
Percent opening of the cloth in the windward side of packaging is arranged to 30%, on the premise of existing universaling packing is not changed, in order to improve precooling
The uniformity with the use of pre-cooler provided by the invention, adds negative-pressure air fan, so as to improve material in the center of negative pressure channel
The differential pressure intensity of stacking end improves the space efficiency utilization of equipment.
The differential pressure gradients forecooling method of Red globe grape provided by the invention in summary optimizes work through orthogonal experiment method
Skill improves pre- cold efficiency by two benches gradient type differential pressure precooling method, and incidence is low, percentage of water loss is low, solves red earth Portugal
Since precooling preserves the improper rotten problem of the disease easily generated after grape picking, the pre-cooler of use improves differential pressure intensity, and passes through
The special even wind interlayer of device, the ventilation hole of percent opening to 30% is left in even wind interlayer plate face, and the present invention is made to ensure differential pressure effect
Fruit is uniform, and the wind-warm syndrome and wind speed reciprocation of differential pressure precooling are apparent, the multiplication of rate of temperature fall 1.23~1.75 can be generated, during precooling
Grape does not damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature generation, fringe stalk, carpopodium color chlorisis, drying shrinkage unobvious, the Red globe grape fruit ear temperature wave of precooling treatment
Dynamic amplitude is small, and respiratory intensity and moisture fluctuation are relatively stable, has wide applicability and Development volue in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing field.
As described above, you can preferably realize the present invention, the above embodiments are only the side of being preferably implemented to the present invention
Formula is described, and not the scope of the present invention is defined, and on the premise of design spirit of the present invention is not departed from, this field is general
The various changes and improvement that logical technical staff makes technical scheme, should all fall into present invention determine that protection domain
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape, which is characterized in that specifically include following steps：
（1）Selection fruit ear, fruit are complete, the Red globe grape of no disease and pests harm, are contained, picked with material turnover basket after classification harvesting
Precooling treatment is carried out in 2h -4h afterwards；
（2）Material turnover basket is loaded into differential pressure precooling device, the high temperature fruit ear material after adopting through differential pressure precooling device,
Under conditions of -6 DEG C to -3 DEG C of the air outlet temperature of refrigeration system, differential pressure wind speed 1.5 m/s -2.0 m/s, by pre-cooler compartment
The wind-warm syndrome of vivo environment is down to 2 DEG C -5 DEG C, completes the fast cooling of carriage body environment；
（3）The fast precooling of fruit ear material is carried out in differential pressure precooling device, completes the fast cooling of material first stage,
- 2 DEG C to -1 DEG C of environment wind-warm syndrome under conditions of differential pressure wind speed 1.0 m/s, -4.48 DEG C/h cooling Mean Speed, sets the grape rank
The precooling outlet temperature of section is set to 2 DEG C -3 DEG C, is observed using electric thermo-couple temperature recorder, record grape core temperature, reaches pre-
The fluctuating range of grape fruit ear temperature is less than ± 0.5 DEG C during cold final temperature；
（4）3 DEG C of freezers are transferred to after grape fast precooling, reuse the pre-packaged fruit ear of PE freshness protection packages, after the completion of pre-packaged, are set
- 2.0 DEG C to -1.5 DEG C low speed slow precooling about 8h ~ 10h of freezer wind-warm syndrome, treat the respiratory intensity stabilization of grape fruit ear to 15 ~
20mg（CO2）·kg-1h-1, after the amplitude of relative humidity fluctuation is less than ± 3% in packaging, launch antistaling agent, by freshness protection package tying,
90d -120d is stored under the conditions of -1 DEG C.
2. a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described is fast
- 3 DEG C of the wind-warm syndrome use in fast precooling stage, 1.0 m/s of differential pressure wind speed, the central temperature of grape fruit are cooled to 3 DEG C in advance.
3. a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that pass through adjusting
The distance of the negative-pressure air fan of material turnover basket and pre-cooler adjusts differential pressure wind speed.
4. a kind of gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described is pre-
Device for cooling includes Heat Room and fore-cooling room, which is characterized in that the Heat Room is disposed proximate to fore-cooling room, Heat Room and fore-cooling room
Partition plate top is equipped with air-cooler, and Heat Room and fore-cooling room's the lower partition are equipped with negative-pressure air fan；Sealant is equipped in the middle part of fore-cooling room will
Fore-cooling room is divided into two spaces up and down, and for air cooler position in sealant close to Heat Room one end top, negative-pressure air fan is located at sealant
Close to Heat Room one end lower part, sealant has Turnround basket, and fore-cooling room side is located at sealant top equipped with cold air outlet air
Mouthful, lower part is equipped with air inlet；Evaporator is equipped in Heat Room, evaporator is connected with air-cooler；Compressor is equipped with outside Heat Room,
Compressor is connected by pipeline with evaporator and connect.
A kind of 5. gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape described in claim 4, which is characterized in that the compression
Cryotronl is connected with evaporator on machine, and high temperature pipe is connected with Heat Room on compressor, and cooling fan, compression are equipped with behind compressor
Industrial ultrasonic humidifier and control cabinet are equipped with beside machine, industrial ultrasonic humidifier is connected by humidifying snorkel with fore-cooling room.
A kind of 6. gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape described in claim 5, which is characterized in that the control
It is equipped with several groups of controls in case to switch, fore-cooling room's side wall is equipped with several groups of humitures and pops one's head in, and control switch is visited respectively with humiture
Head, compressor, industrial ultrasonic humidifier and air-cooler are electrically connected.
A kind of 7. gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape described in claim 4, which is characterized in that the heat exchange
Room and fore-cooling room have wheeled tethered sliding chassis, and compressor, industrial ultrasonic humidifier and cooling fan are all disposed within wheeled
On tethered sliding chassis, wheeled tethered sliding chassis forepart is equipped with draft arm, and wheeled tethered sliding tray bottom is equipped with condensed water
Overflow exports, and condensed water overflow outlet is with wheeled tethered sliding chassis anterior face and being connected.
A kind of 8. gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape described in claim 4, which is characterized in that the sealing
Three groups of cold airducts are arranged at layer top, and every group of cold airduct and an air-cooler connection, intermediate cold airduct are long
Degree is the half of both sides cold airduct length, and intermediate cold air channel one end and both sides cold air away from air-cooler are divulged information
Road connects, and the both sides for being close to fore-cooling room respectively set 1 even wind interlayer, the even hollow setting of wind interlayer, even wind interlayer and top it is cold
Air duct is connected by cold air air outlet, and the even wind interlayer lower part on two sides is uniformly provided with ventilation hole, and ventilation hole is rectangular.
A kind of 9. gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape described in claim 8, which is characterized in that the even wind
20 mm of footpath is indulged in 300 mm of compartment thickness, 220 mm of ventilation hole transverse diameter, rectangular ventilation holes, between ventilation hole between left and right away from 150
Mm, between ventilation hole between the upper and lower away from 40 mm, even wind interlayer plate face leaves the ventilation hole of percent opening to 30%.
A kind of 10. gradient forecooling method suitable for Red globe grape described in claim 4, which is characterized in that the week
Turn basket and be divided into two groups, be deposited in fore-cooling room both sides respectively, air -return duct is left in centre, and air -return duct end is equipped with negative-pressure air fan.
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| CN109645105A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-19 | 山东大学 | It is a kind of to pick, pre-cooling, store integrated basket and its application and the perishable class fruit precooling method of fruitlet diameter |
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