CN108039764B - Programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on solid-state relay - Google Patents
Programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on solid-state relay Download PDFInfo
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- CN108039764B CN108039764B CN201710669338.XA CN201710669338A CN108039764B CN 108039764 B CN108039764 B CN 108039764B CN 201710669338 A CN201710669338 A CN 201710669338A CN 108039764 B CN108039764 B CN 108039764B
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- H02J7/027—
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- H02J7/045—
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on a solid-state relay, which comprises a power supply circuit, a singlechip, a low-current charging circuit, a high-current charging circuit, a bridge rectifier circuit, a light touch switch, an external storage chip and four voltage level indicating lamps, the power circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer to provide working voltage, the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the control ends of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit to control the charging operation or disconnection of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit, the output ends of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit output current to a charging port of a battery after being rectified by the bridge rectifier circuit, the tact switch is used for switching four voltage level indicating lamps to flicker to select specific charging voltage, and the selected specific charging voltage is stored in the external storage chip and can be used for default charging voltage during next startup. The solid relay is adopted as the switching device of the charging circuit, and the charging circuit has the advantages of no contact spark, no noise, long service life and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric vehicle charger, in particular to a programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on a solid-state relay.
Background
The battery of the traditional electric vehicle has different voltage specifications of 36V, 48V, 64V, 72V and the like, and correspondingly, the electric vehicle charger with different specifications exists, a circuit board of the electric vehicle charger can only be specially used for a board, for example, a 36V special relay and corresponding elements are required to be used for 36V, a 48V special relay and corresponding elements are required to be used for 48V, if different voltage parameters are required to be realized, the elements are required to be added or reduced or changed, the production efficiency and unnecessary waste are greatly influenced, and the loss is reduced. And need quick realization charging voltage to adjust, avoid the loaded down with trivial details that artifical wiring brought. In addition, the switching device adopted by the charging circuit of the electric vehicle charger is a mechanical electromagnetic relay, when the charging circuit is used, sparks are easily contacted between the contact and the contact, the noise of snap is also accompanied, and the service life is short.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on solid-state relays, which is suitable for batteries with different voltage specifications such as 36V, 48V, 64V, 72V and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on a solid-state relay comprises a power supply circuit, a single chip microcomputer, a low-current charging circuit, a high-current charging circuit, a bridge rectifier circuit, a tact switch, an external storage chip and four voltage level indicating lamps, wherein the power supply circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer to provide working voltage, the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with control ends of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit to control the charging operation or disconnection of the single chip microcomputer, output ends of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit output current to a charging port of a battery after being rectified by the bridge rectifier circuit, the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit all adopt the solid-state relay as a switching device, the tact switch, the external storage chip and the four voltage level indicating lamps are all connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the tact switch is used for switching the four voltage level indicating lamps to flicker to select the charging voltage of a specific level, the selected specific level of charging voltage is stored in the external memory chip and is available for the default charging voltage at the next power-on.
The programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises an overcharge protection circuit, the overcharge protection circuit is connected between the bridge rectifier circuit and a charging port of the battery in series, the overcharge protection circuit adopts the solid-state relay as a switch device, and a control end of the overcharge protection circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer
The programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises a battery voltage detection circuit, and the battery voltage detection circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer to ensure that the single chip microcomputer works normally after a charging port is connected into a battery.
The programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises a temperature protection control circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the temperature protection control circuit is used for detecting that the single chip microcomputer stops working when the temperature is higher than +80 ℃.
The programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises an LED indicating circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the LED indicating circuit is used for indicating the working state of the charger.
The programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises an electric quantity indicating circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the electric quantity indicating circuit is composed of four LEDs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the charger adopts the same charger and can realize different charger voltages by programming through the S1 tact switch, thereby greatly facilitating the use of users, greatly reducing the waste of energy sources and playing a good role in energy conservation and emission reduction. For example, three electric bicycles with different voltages are arranged in a house, and the electric bicycle can be realized by only one programmable electric vehicle charger. The solid relay is adopted as the switching device of the charging circuit, and the charging circuit has the advantages of no contact spark, no noise, long service life and the like.
Drawings
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a charging portion of the charger of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the control and detection part of the charger of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a power supply circuit diagram of the charger of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, the programmable switch electric vehicle charger based on solid-state relay according to the present invention comprises a power circuit, a single-chip microcomputer U1, a low-current charging circuit 10, a high-current charging circuit 20, a bridge rectifier circuit 30, a tact switch S1, an external memory chip U4, and four voltage level indicators (LED2, LED3, LED4, LED 5).
The power circuit is connected with the singlechip U1 to provide working voltage, the singlechip U1 is respectively connected with the control ends of the low-current charging circuit 10 and the high-current charging circuit 20 to control the charging operation or disconnection of the low-current charging circuit 10 and the high-current charging circuit 20, and the output ends of the low-current charging circuit 10 and the high-current charging circuit 20 output current to a charging port (VO +, VO-) of the battery after being rectified by the bridge rectifier circuit 30;
the small-current charging circuit 10 and the large-current charging circuit 20 both adopt solid-state relays as switching devices, taking the small-current charging circuit 10 as an example, the solid-state relays mainly comprise triodes Q1, optocouplers U4 and silicon controlled rectifiers T2, the singlechip U1 triggers Q1 to be conducted through a J1 port, and then the optocouplers U4 are electrified to be conducted to trigger the silicon controlled rectifiers T2 to be conducted, so that the conduction of the solid-state relays is completed, and charging is implemented; the light touch switch S1, the external storage chip U4 and the four voltage level indicating lamps are all connected with the single chip microcomputer U1, the light touch switch S1 is used for switching the four voltage level indicating lamps to flicker so as to select the charging voltage of a specific level, and the charging voltage of the specific level is stored in the external storage chip U2 and can be used for a default charging voltage when the computer is started next time.
The specific working principle is as follows: five seconds of long pressing S1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5 flash simultaneously, press once more, LED2 glimmers alone, do not operate automatic locking after 5 seconds, LED2 becomes the normal bright, represents the voltage of charger at this moment and is 36V. By analogy with this, voltages of 48V, 64V, 72V can be selected. (Note that the selected voltage is the voltage at which the next power-on operation is performed after power-off)
As a further improvement of the technical solution, the programmable switch-type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further includes an overcharge protection circuit 40, the overcharge protection circuit 40 is connected in series between the bridge rectifier circuit 30 and the charging port of the battery, the overcharge protection circuit 40 adopts the mechanical relay K3 and the triode Q4 as switching devices, and the control end of the mechanical relay K3578 is connected with the single chip microcomputer U1, because if the solid-state relay of the K2 and the small-current charging circuit 10 cannot be turned off on time or is out of control, after the voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage for 15.5V five seconds, the single chip microcomputer can turn off the K3 forcibly, thereby playing the effect that the battery is not charged bad.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises a BATTERY voltage detection circuit 50, a V-BATTERY BATTERY voltage detection circuit: the battery voltage detection circuit 50 is connected with the singlechip U1 to ensure that the singlechip U1 works normally after a charging port is connected with a battery. Further, a VDD voltage detection circuit is provided: consists of R7, D13, R6 and C4.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises a temperature protection control circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer U1 and composed of R7/R4, R5 and C5, when the temperature is higher than +80 ℃, the single chip microcomputer stops working, and at the moment, the green LED and the red LED flash and alarm at the same time.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises an LED indicating circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer U1, wherein the LED indicating circuit consists of a green LED and a red LED and is used for indicating the working state of the charger.
The programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on the solid-state relay further comprises an electric quantity indicating circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer, the electric quantity indicating circuit is composed of four LEDs and corresponds to four grids of electric quantities on an interface, and each grid represents 25% of electric quantities.
The charger achieves the charging purpose by using the switching working principle, namely, a circuit is switched on when the voltage is low at 13.5V, and is switched off when the voltage is high at 15.5V, and whether the battery is fully charged or not is judged by a plurality of charging time periods of switching on and switching off.
The battery of the electric vehicle is commonly used at present with four voltages of 36V, 48V, 64V and 72V, wherein 36V is formed by connecting three 12V batteries in series, 48V is four, 60V is five, 72V is 6 batteries, the lower line voltage of a single battery group is set to be switched on when the lower line voltage is less than 13.5V, and the upper limit voltage is set to be switched off when the upper line voltage is more than 15.5V.
If the 220V power supply is connected firstly, the charger is not working, at the moment, the red LED flashes and alarms, VO + and VO-have no voltage output, the solid relays of the low-current charging circuit 10 and the high-current charging circuit 20 and the K3 are in an off state, mainly because of safety consideration, the voltage of the charger far exceeds the 36V safe voltage of a human body. VO must connect the battery first, then connect the 220V power, the charger can normally work, U1 at this moment, 10 feet obtain a forward high voltage level, U1 begins to work, 5 feet output high level, Q4, K3 are switched on, 6, 7 feet delay 3 seconds and output high level, the solid state relay of the charging circuit 10 of the undercurrent, charging circuit 20 of the heavy current is switched on, the electric current passes C14, R16, R17, C11, R13, R12 and charges and discharges, through D3, D4, D5, D6 make up the bridge rectification and change into the direct voltage to charge the battery.
When the voltage of the single battery reaches 15.5V, the 6 and 7 pins output low level in a time-delay way, and the solid relays of the low-current charging circuit 10 and the high-current charging circuit 20 are disconnected; when the voltage drops to 13.5V, the 7 pins output again, the solid-state relay of the small-current charging circuit 10 is switched on, and the current only passes through C11, R13 and R12 to carry out small-current charging; the larger the capacity is, the longer the required charging time is, and vice versa, the shorter the charging time is, the more the on-off charging is repeated, when the charging time from 13.5V to 15.5V is less than or equal to 180 seconds, the green LED and the red LED are simultaneously lighted up to indicate that the battery is fully charged with 70% of the electricity quantity at the moment, when the charging time is less than or equal to 60 seconds, the battery is fully charged with 90% of the electricity quantity at the moment, when the charging time is less than or equal to 20 seconds, the battery is fully charged with 100% of the electricity quantity at the moment, the green LED is turned off, the K3 and the solid-state relay of the low-current charging circuit 10 are turned off, and the charging is completed.
The charger adopts the same charger and can realize different charger voltages by programming through the S1 tact switch, thereby greatly facilitating the use of users, greatly reducing the waste of energy sources and playing a good role in energy conservation and emission reduction. For example, three electric bicycles with different voltages are arranged in a house, and the electric bicycle can be realized by only one programmable electric vehicle charger. The solid relay is adopted as the switching device of the charging circuit, and the charging circuit has the advantages of no contact spark, no noise, long service life and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any technical means that can achieve the object of the present invention by basically the same means is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Programmable switch formula electric vehicle charger based on solid state relay, its characterized in that: the charging device comprises a power supply circuit, a single chip microcomputer, a low-current charging circuit, a high-current charging circuit, a bridge rectifier circuit, a light touch switch, an external storage chip and four voltage level indicating lamps, wherein the power supply circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer to provide working voltage, the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the control ends of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit to control the charging operation or disconnection of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit, the output ends of the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit output current to a charging port of a battery after being rectified by the bridge rectifier circuit, the low-current charging circuit and the high-current charging circuit all adopt solid relays as switching devices, the light touch switch, the external storage chip and the four voltage level indicating lamps are all connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the light touch switch is used for switching the four voltage level indicating lamps to flicker to select the charging voltage of a specific level, the charging voltage of the selected specific grade is stored in an external storage chip and can be used for default charging voltage when the computer is started next time; a first resistance-capacitance voltage reduction circuit is arranged between the low-current charging circuit and the bridge rectifier circuit, and a second resistance-capacitance voltage reduction circuit is arranged between the high-current charging circuit and the bridge rectifier circuit.
2. The solid state relay based programmable switched mode electric vehicle charger of claim 1, wherein: the battery charger further comprises an overcharge protection circuit, the overcharge protection circuit is connected between the bridge rectifier circuit and a charging port of the battery in series, the overcharge protection circuit adopts a solid-state relay as a switching device, and a control end of the overcharge protection circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
3. A programmable solid state relay based switched mode electric vehicle charger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the charging device also comprises a battery voltage detection circuit, wherein the battery voltage detection circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer to ensure that the single chip microcomputer works normally after a charging port is connected with a battery.
4. A programmable solid state relay based switched mode electric vehicle charger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the temperature protection control circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer and used for detecting that the single chip microcomputer stops working when the temperature is higher than +80 ℃.
5. A programmable solid state relay based switched mode electric vehicle charger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the LED indicating circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer and used for indicating the working state of the charger.
6. A programmable solid state relay based switched mode electric vehicle charger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the electric quantity indicating circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer and is composed of four LEDs.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710669338.XA CN108039764B (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2017-08-08 | Programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on solid-state relay |
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| CN201710669338.XA CN108039764B (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2017-08-08 | Programmable switch type electric vehicle charger based on solid-state relay |
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| CN108039764B true CN108039764B (en) | 2021-10-29 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5420494A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-05-30 | Lu; Chao-Cheng | Battery charger device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN203617756U (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-05-28 | 河南速达电动汽车科技有限公司 | High-power rapid intelligent charging system for electric vehicle |
| CN204118775U (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2015-01-21 | 浙江肯得机电股份有限公司 | A kind of 12V/24V Electronic Control battery charger |
| CN104882921B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2017-03-01 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of charger operation pattern and the method for designing of display |
| CN205846769U (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-12-28 | 浙江肯得机电股份有限公司 | The Multifunctional storage-battery charger that a kind of microprocessor controls |
| CN206250807U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江肯得机电股份有限公司 | A kind of battery charger of microprocessor control |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5420494A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-05-30 | Lu; Chao-Cheng | Battery charger device |
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