CN206250807U - A kind of battery charger of microprocessor control - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is related to a kind of battery charger of microprocessor control, charger mainly to include：Cover plate, base plate, back plate plastics housing, foreboard plastics housing, charging clip sub-line, power line, wire fixer, panel control panel, rectification and current divider plate, Switching Power Supply and relay board, circuit board support and main transformer；Described panel control panel is screwed on foreboard plastics housing, rectification and current divider plate are fixed on base plate by screw level, rectifier and its radiator is longitudinally disposed is fixed in rectification and current divider plate, Switching Power Supply and relay board by wire circuit between each circuit board, power line, two storage battery bottle clip sub-lines by the longitudinally fixed base plate of circuit board support, being connected；The utility model is provided with：Fourth gear battery types select, two kinds of numerical monitors, fill soon, trickle charge, start three kinds of charge modes, overheat, output short-circuit, when battery pole back connection defencive function, self- recoverage insurance, 6V and 12V batteries automatic decision recognize.

Description

A kind of battery charger of microprocessor control

Technical field

The utility model patent is related to a kind of charged for 6V/12V batteries, maximum charge starting current to be 75A, volume Determine the charger design method of charging current 2-12A, specifically a kind of battery charger of microprocessor control belongs to electric power storage Electrolytic battery charger technical field.

Technical background

Currently, the competition in charger product market, is not only embodied in the advance of technology, also largely depends on The advance of circuit function, outward appearance and structure design, manufacturing process in charger, the height of production efficiency, it is produced into This number, the aspect such as uniformity and reliability of product.

At present, the output voltage of battery charger generally has the different types such as 6V/12V/24V on domestic and international market.It is main The charging current levels of miscarriage product are typically low current（Such as 1A, 2A, 4A, 20A）'s.Large current charge device, such as 30A to 100A , if using inversion and the charger technologies of switching power source control circuit, because development difficulty is big, it is high to require, to realize big The requirement such as electric current output, multi-functional, high reliability acquires a certain degree of difficulty.And product cost is also of a relatively high, lack market Competitiveness.Therefore, many chargers are still the circuit and structure type using traditional transformer and rectifier.But in the market This conventional charger, the overwhelming majority due to control circuit it is excessively simple, function selection also seldom, thus product technology content It is low, lack the enough attractions to client.The technology and performance of such product are how improved, the quality of product is significantly lifted, It is one of important directions for Future Development.Over closer year, the development of electronic technology has also promoted electronic control type electric power storage The development of electrolytic battery charger.This kind of charger, due to the technical approach and transformation that are used to meet output and control characteristic requirement Device rectifier type（It is traditional）Charger product has significant difference, therefore, the index such as technology and performance is significantly better than biography The charger of system type.

Electronically controlled charger, mainly realizes various functions of product by circuit board and its control circuit.With Conventional charger is compared, and generally their circuit is relative complex.The mode of production is also based on the manufacture of circuit board and assembling product. Certainly, under identical output voltage and current class, the design of different its circuit theory of product and circuit board, and producer Formula is all probably entirely different.Technical performance, reliability, production and manufacturing cost, product city that these all affect product Field competitiveness etc..That is, the structure charger different with circuit design, manufacturing technology level, its technical parameter, usability Can, production efficiency, or even reliability and the market competitiveness etc. are difference than larger.

Although being many comparings using the charger species of electron controls technology.But their circuit and internal structure external structure shape Formula is also diversified.Different circuits and its structure design thinking, the physical circuit form for being used and whole product and The mode of circuit arrangement is different.Moreover, the performance indications of charger include output current/voltage, the class of insulation, Temperature rise, manufacture craft level, product reliability etc. can also show some obvious gaps.Even in identical product parameters Under performance indications, due to physical circuit and its difference of charger construction design aspect, or the electronic component for being used Packing forms are different, thus the assembling of the component such as circuit board, welding and characterization processes level, automaticity etc. also can be obvious Difference, this will make convenience, production efficiency, production cost, cost of product for being installed during this kind of product board production etc. Also can be dramatically different.If for example, using a large amount of surface-mounted devices and the charger of integrated circuit, due to the volume of these devices It is small, thus can reduce the size of circuit board, reduce the cost of PCB material.Simultaneously as welding equipment these devices are generally using first Enter, efficiently, the equipment that is suitable for high-volume automated production and detection, so, the life of circuit board or product can be greatly enhanced Efficiency is produced, production cost is reduced, increases the competitiveness of product in market.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of battery charger of microprocessor control, and described charger is A kind of charged for 6V/12V batteries, maximum charge starting current is the microprocessor of 75A, specified charging current 2-12A Control charger, the utility model charger is provided with：1）Fourth gear battery types are selected.It is respectively：" 6V lead-acid accumulators ", " 12V Lead-acid accumulator ", " 12V AGM batteries ", " 12V GEL batteries " charge；2）Two kinds of numerical monitor modes are selected, respectively It is：" charge percentage ", " charging voltage ".Display conversion can be carried out by button.Coordinate digital display meter, rechargeable battery can be shown Percentage（Characterize the degree that battery charges）, battery charging voltage, and realize the aobvious of " battery percentage " and " voltage " Show conversion.Two kinds of modes are equipped with corresponding indicator lamp.3）" filling soon "（Refer to that 12A electric currents charge）, " trickle charge（Refer to that 2A electric currents fill Electricity）, " startup "（Refer to the especially big starting currents of 75A）Three kinds of charging modes.Each way is equipped with corresponding indicator lamp；" startup " shelves Charge, for battery almost complete absence of electric situation；By forcing " startup " mode（Startup shelves button after 3 seconds must be pinned Just work）, quickly（With 75A ultrahigh currents）Battery is charged.Because electric current is very big, it is not possible to for a long time in this Current state is planted, is the use reliability for ensureing charger, be set as：（75A）Ultrahigh current works 12 seconds, rests 180 seconds Mode.4）Overheat, output short-circuit, when battery pole back connection defencive function；Further say, when the output positive and negative electrode of charger When positive and negative electrode with battery is not corresponding annexation or reverse polarity connection, charger can be automatically obtained reverse connecting protection, that is, charge Device does not work.Meanwhile, reversal connection indicator lamp is lighted；When the output positive and negative electrode short circuit connection of charger, charger can be automatically obtained Short-circuit protection.Now charger not output current or work.When the temperature of charger internal Transformer Winding reaches design temperature When, charger can be stopped.After after its temperature drop, could continue charge.Here it is its automatic overheat protective function.If Environment temperature is higher, and when there is frequently protection, user can select slightly smaller charging current to charge storage battery, overtemperature protection Number of times can be efficiently reduced.5）Resettable fuse is provided with charger output loop.When charger exports electricity more especially big than 75A When flowing bigger electric current, the fuse can disconnect because of itself excessively stream.And after working as current reduction, it can automatically recover connection again. This just more ensure that the reliability of charger operation.6）The battery of charger connection, is 6V, or 12V, this charging Device control circuit can carry out automatic decision according to the voltage parameter detected after battery connection.When selecting 12V by panel button Shelves charge, but the battery for being connected is not 12V, but during the battery of 6V, this charger will not enter without output to storage battery Row charging operations.Additionally, when a certain numerical value of the charging voltage less than or equal to setting, control system can be automatically into the small electricity of 0.5A " floating charge " charged state of stream.Control system can be circulated in " floating charge " and between stopping charging.To play maintenance battery The effect of charging.To the battery of 12V, during charging, if charging voltage is less than 10.5V, control system can enter " reparation " Charged state, now, rechargeable lamp and display table can flash.In " reparation " charged state, with 2A charging currents work 2S, rest 10S modes, are carried out continuously 10 minutes.If the battery both end voltage detected in 10 minutes is more than 10.5V, enter to enter automatically Enter to charge normal.Otherwise, then stop charging.

Following technical scheme is used to achieve the above object：

A kind of battery charger of microprocessor control, it is characterised in that：Charger mainly includes：Cover plate, base plate, after Plate plastics housing, foreboard plastics housing, negative polarity charging clip sub-line, positive polarity charging clip sub-line, power line, wire fixer, panel Control panel, rectification and current divider plate, Switching Power Supply and relay board, circuit board support and main transformer；Described panel control Plate is screwed on foreboard plastics housing, and rectification and current divider plate are fixed on base plate by screw level, rectifier and Its radiator is longitudinally disposed to be fixed in rectification and current divider plate, and Switching Power Supply and relay board are longitudinally solid by circuit board support Determine on base plate, connected by wire circuit between each circuit board, power line, two storage battery bottle clip sub-lines, power line and two The connecting line of individual storage battery bottle clip is fixed on base plate respective card slot position by wire fixer.

Described charger rectification and current divider plate include resistance R1, the insert-connecting plate of two diodes, current divider and peripheries, Connector, output wiring terminal, common group of two commutation diodes on two diodes and rectifier and its heat sink assembly Into the rectification circuit of the secondary output of main transformer, the conversion of AC-to DC output is realized, current divider is then used for output current Signal sampling.

Include switching power circuit in described Switching Power Supply and relay board, switching power circuit include three 5A after Electrical equipment, 16A relays, ULN2003 chips, single-phase rectification bridge, DK106 chips, filter inductance, optocoupler, a Switching Power Supply become Depressor, program control pipe, fast diode, and the resistance of these device peripheries, electric capacity, inductance and connector, connection inserted sheet；Switch Power supply and relay board part pass through connector and connecting line and the panel control panel of described charger, the primary of main transformer The part such as winding, power line carries out circuit connection；Under the control action of switching power circuit ,+5V DC supplies are produced, Used for other control circuit work；On the other hand, the different tap portions of main transformer armature winding are also in series with not respectively Same relay；In the presence of panel control panel circuit, the action of different relays will change main transformer to these relays The number of turn of armature winding, finally obtains the different output voltages and electric current of this charger.

Panel control circuit is included on described charger panel control panel, panel control circuit includes monolithic microprocessor Device, operational amplifier and opto-coupler chip, digital-scroll technique table, three keys or buttons, the emitting led diode of some state instructions with And periphery many resistance and electric capacity；The control program of chip microprocessor is write by programming interface, and the partial circuit also leads to Cross the circuit parts such as interface and other control panels to be attached according to corresponding electrical principle, the partial circuit can be to charger Output voltage or battery charging voltage, charging current carry out signal sampling, and according to charge it is different require to be monitored and Control.

The utility model, for 6V batteries, can use 2A in the presence of charger control circuit（Trickle charge）、12A（Hurry up Speed）Electric current is charged；Battery for 12V, can use（75A）Ultrahigh current, 2A（Trickle charge）、12A（Quickly）Electric current enters Row charges.The utility model charger is provided with：1）Fourth gear battery types are selected.2）Two kinds of numerical monitors.3）Fill soon, trickle charge, open Move three kinds of charge modes.4）Overheat, output short-circuit, when battery pole back connection defencive function.5）Self- recoverage insures.6）6V and 12V stores Battery automatic decision is recognized.The control function such as 0.5A low currents " floating charge " state and " reparation " charged state.

Good circuit and its structure design is the advantage place of the utility model patent, is also to meet efficiently and inexpensive The advanced important leverage of production, high reliability, manufacturing technology.The content of the utility model patent application protection is that protection Structure and circuit theory of this charger etc. are designed, and the utility model patent not use only advanced control technology, and Advanced technology is additionally used to produce circuit board.Charger has rational in infrastructure, small volume, lightweight, cost The advantages of low, production efficiency is high, manufacturing technology is advanced.The circuit and structure design of the utility model charger have the uniqueness of oneself Part, this is the basic goal place for applying for this patent protection.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural design drawing of the utility model charger of accompanying drawing 1；

Fig. 2 is the panel schematic diagram of the utility model charger；

Fig. 3-1 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model charger（One）；

Fig. 3-2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model charger（Two）；

Fig. 4 is the panel control panel components' placement figure of the utility model charger；

Fig. 5 is the Switching Power Supply and relay control panel components' placement figure of the utility model charger；

Fig. 6 is rectification and the current divider board component layout of the utility model charger；

Each component names are as follows in attached 1 figure：1st, plastics hand-strap；2nd, cover plate；3rd, negative polarity charging clip sub-line；4th, positive polarity Charging clip sub-line；5th, wire fixer；6th, power line；7th, back plate plastics housing；8th, foreboard plastics housing；9th, main transformer；10th, temperature control Device；11st, panel control panel；12nd, base plate；13rd, rectification and current divider plate；14th, overcurrent protector；15th, rectifier and its radiator； 16th, Switching Power Supply and relay board；17th, 16A relays；18th, 5A fuses；19th, 15A fuses；20th, 1A fuses；21st, pacify Rule electric capacity；22nd, 5A relays；23rd, circuit board support；24th, rubber foot.

Specific embodiment

As shown in figures 1 to 6, a kind of battery charger of microprocessor control, charger is mainly by plastics hand-strap 1, lid Plate 2, negative polarity charging clip sub-line 3, positive polarity charging clip sub-line 4, wire fixer 5, power line 6, the modeling of back plate plastics housing 7, foreboard Material housing 8, main transformer 9, temperature controller 10, panel control panel 11, base plate 12, rectification and current divider plate 13, overcurrent protector 14, Rectifier and its radiator 15, Switching Power Supply and relay board 16,16A relays 17,5A fuses 18,15A fuses 19,1A The part such as fuse 20, safety electric capacity 21,5A relays 22, circuit board support 23, rubber foot 24 constitutes.Production is main It is processing and the debugging problem for solving circuit board.Panel control panel 11 is screwed on front panel.Each circuit board, power supply Corresponding electricity is carried out according to the circuit theory diagrams for being given by wire between the parts such as 6, two storage battery bottle clip sub-lines of line Road connects.The connecting line of power line 6 and two storage battery bottle clip is fixed on housing respective card slot position by wire fixer 5. Power line 6 provides externally fed power supply for the circuit board of charger.Power supply can be 200 ~ 230VAC, 50Hz.Two electric power storages Pond battery clamp sub-line is divided into red and black.During charging, red represents "+or just " polarity of charger output, with battery "+or just " polar terminals are attached；Black represents the "-or negative " polarity, "-or negative " pole with battery of charger output Property terminal is attached.

Referring to accompanying drawing 2, digital display meter is provided with described charge operation panel；Charging voltage and charge percentage are indicated Lamp and its display mode conversion button；6V lead-acid accumulators, 12V lead-acid accumulators, 12V AGM types battery, 12V GEL types store Battery Indicator Light and its battery types conversion keys；Start, trickle charge and fill indicator lamp and its selection key soon；Battery is full of shape State indicator lamp（When often bright）Or battery repairs status indicator lamp（During flicker）, battery wiring is reversed or error-polarity connection is indicated Lamp.Different battery types, can be according to the different requirements charged（Such as start charging, trickle charge and fill soon）, by selecting phase The button answered is operated.Meanwhile, when charging, by display mode conversion button, can also observe the actual charging of battery The charge percentage of voltage or sign level of charge.Voltage, electric current of charging etc. can all be subject under the control circuit of charger Real-time monitoring and control.For example, being charged and floating charge state etc. into repairing.

Referring to accompanying drawing 3-1, accompanying drawing 3-2 and accompanying drawing 6, described charger rectification and the circuit master of current divider board component part To include resistance R1（3.9 Ω/5W or 3R9/5W）, bis- diodes of D1 and D2（IN5401）, current divider RS1, more also insert Contact pin, connector, output wiring terminal etc..Bis- diodes of D1 and D2（IN5401）On rectifier and its heat sink assembly Two 50A commutation diodes collectively constitute the rectification circuit of the secondary output of main transformer, realize the conversion of AC-to DC output. Current divider RS1 is then used for the signal sampling of output current.Insert-connecting plate, connector, output wiring terminal are then used for new with this practicality The connection of type charger other circuit parts.

Referring to accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 5, described Switching Power Supply and relay board components, mainly including K1~K3（5A） Relay, K5（16A）Relay, IC2（ULN2003）Chip, F1 fuses（15A）, F2 fuses（5A）, F3 fuses （1A）, DB1 single-phase rectification bridges, IC1 chips（DK106）, GM1 filter inductances, U1 optocouplers（EL817）, T1 switching mode power supply transformers, The program control pipes of DW1（DK450）, D2 fast diodes（SR260）, and the resistance of these device peripheries, electric capacity, inductance and connector J1, connection inserted sheet（Such as P1~P8）.Switching Power Supply and relay board components are filled by connector and connecting line with described The part such as panel control panel, main transformer armature winding, power line of electrical equipment carries out circuit connection.Main transformer T6 armature windings Communication power supply, on the one hand by F1 fuses（1A）, filter capacitor CX1, filter inductance GM1, rectified bridge DB1 rectifications Pulsating direct current is transformed to, then is filtered through the π types that electrochemical capacitor EC1 and EC2, inductance L1 are constituted, be transformed to the direct current of stabilization.It Afterwards, it is input to by IC1 chips（DK106）, U1 optocouplers（EL817）, T1 switching mode power supply transformers, the program control pipes of DW1（DK450）、D2 Fast diode（SR260）, and the composition such as resistance, electric capacity of these device peripheries switching power circuit part, finally, Under the control action of switching power circuit ,+5V DC supplies are produced, used for other control circuit work.U1 optocouplers （EL817）Play a part of electrical isolation.Plus some aforementioned filter circuits or device, switching power circuit can be ensured With the reliably working of other circuits of the utility model charger.Due to without using it is traditional by control transformer, it is rectifier, steady The DC-stabilized circuit of the compositions such as depressor, but small volume, the switching power circuit of low cost are used, thus reduce electricity The size of road plate, reduces cost and weight of this charger etc..On the other hand, the different taps of main transformer T6 armature windings Part is also in series with K1~K3 respectively（5A）Relay, K5（16A）Relay.K4 in Switching Power Supply and relay board（5A）After Electrical equipment can give over to standby or develop more other chargers and design.By IC2（ULN2003）Chip, these relays exist In the presence of panel control panel circuit or microprocessor control system, it is controlled according to corresponding action logic.Different relays The action of device, will change the number of turn of main transformer T6 armature windings, finally obtain the different output voltages and electric current of this charger, The control function such as ultrahigh current startup, trickle charge are realized to different types of battery, are filled soon.

Referring to accompanying drawing 3, the circuit of described charger panel control panel components mainly includes U1（STM8S005K6） Chip microprocessor, U2（LM2902）Operational amplifier and U3（EL817）Opto-coupler chip, digital-scroll technique table（CPS05631BR）、 S1 ~ S3 keys or buttons, the emitting led diode of numerous state instructions（Charging voltage containing V, % charge percentages, 6V plumbic acids store Battery, 12V1 lead-acid accumulators, 12V2 AGM types battery, 12V3 GEL types battery, START startups, 2A trickle charges, 12A are fast Fill, CHARG charged states, ERR error condition indicator lamps）, and the electronic component such as also many resistance, electric capacity.These Indicator lamp, the layout of button and its simply mark referring also to shown in accompanying drawing 2.U1（STM8S005K6）The control of chip microprocessor Processing procedure sequence is write by programming interface SX.The partial circuit also passes through interface（DY and OUT or J3）With the circuit such as other control panels Part is attached according to corresponding electrical principle.The partial circuit can charge electric to the output voltage of charger or battery Pressure, charging current carry out signal sampling, and are monitored and control according to the different requirements charged.

S1 is digital display mode select button；S2 is battery types select button；S3 is modes selecting button.

In charging process, user can also be by S1 digital display mode selection buttons, i.e. " charge percentage ", " charging voltage " Two kinds of numerical monitor modes, coordinate digital display meter, select one way in which to observe：The degree that battery charges, to charge hundred Ratio is divided to represent；The charging voltage of battery, realizes that " charge percentage " is changed with the display of " charging voltage ".Two kinds of selection states It is also equipped with corresponding indicator lamp, wherein V（D5 LED）Indicate charge percentage；% （D5 LED）Indicate charging voltage.

By S2 battery types select buttons, there are fourth gear battery types available.It is respectively：" 6V lead-acid accumulators ", " 12V lead-acid accumulators ", " 12V AGM batteries ", " 12V GEL batteries " charge.The selection of fourth gear battery types is equipped with phase The indicator lamp answered, be respectively：6V, 12V1,12V2,12V3 LED light.The layout of these indicator lamps and its simple mark are also Reference can be made to shown in accompanying drawing 2.

By S3 modes selecting buttons, there are three kinds of charging modes available.It is respectively：" startup "（START, refers to The especially big starting currents of 75A）, " filling soon "（Refer to the high current higher than 2A, i.e. 12A charges）, " trickle charge（Refer to 2A low current charges）Charge Mode.Each way is equipped with corresponding indicator lamp, is respectively：START, 12A, 2A charging indicator light." startup " shelves charge, and use In battery almost complete absence of electric situation.By forcing " startup " mode（Startup shelves button must be pinned just to be acted as after 3 seconds With）, quickly（With 75A ultrahigh currents）Battery is charged.Because electric current is very big, it is not possible to for a long time in this big electricity Stream mode, to ensure the use reliability of charger, is set as：（75A）Ultrahigh current works 5 seconds, the mode of rest 180 seconds. Meanwhile, in this state, corresponding " startup " shelves indicator lamp constantly flashes.The layout of these indicator lamps and its simple mark are also Reference can be made to shown in accompanying drawing 2.

Additionally, the utility model charger circuit is additionally provided with battery " charged state "（CHARG）, " mistake "（ERR）Two Plant status indicator lamp.

During charger operation, the battery that two charging clip sub-line is connected is 6V, or 12V, charger control Circuit processed can carry out automatic decision according to the voltage parameter detected after battery connection.

To the battery of 6V, during charging, with the carrying out of battery charging process, the voltage of its battery can be raised.If Charging voltage is less than 5.2V, then charge percentage is 0；Charging voltage is more than or equal to 7.2V, then charge percentage is 100%.Not Full state, control system will allow operator with 2A（The K1 actuatings of relay）Trickle charge or 12A（The K2 actuatings of relay）Fill soon Charging current charges to battery.When charging voltage is more than or equal to 7.2V, then it is assumed that be filled with state.Now, charge Device can temporarily cease charging, and rechargeable lamp does not work.The voltage at digital display meter display battery two ends.S1 buttons can not be changed.Control system FUL is shown after time delay 60S.Afterwards, then time delay 50S.Due to stopped charging, charging voltage can be reduced slowly.Work as charging voltage During less than or equal to 6.4V, control system can be automatically into low current " floating charge " charged state（The K1 actuatings of relay, charging current It is 0.5A）.When charging voltage is 6.7V, control system this can stop charging again, afterwards time delay 50S again, and in " floating charge " and Stop being circulated between charging.To play a part of to maintain battery to charge.

To the lead-acid accumulator of 12V, during charging, with the carrying out of battery charging process, the voltage of its battery can be raised. If charging voltage is less than 10.5V, charge percentage is 0；Charging voltage is more than or equal to 14.4V（To the AGM batteries of 12V, This threshold value is set as 14.8V；To the GEL batteries of 12V, this threshold value is set as 14.0V）, then charge percentage is 100%. If charging voltage is less than 10.5V, control system can enter " reparation " charged state, and now, rechargeable lamp and display table can dodge It is bright.In " reparation " charged state, with 2A（The K3 actuatings of relay）Charging current work 2S, rest 10S modes, are carried out continuously 10 points Clock.If the battery both end voltage detected in 10 minutes is more than 10.5V, enter automatically into charging normal.Do not filling Full state, control system will allow operator with（75A）Ultrahigh current（Start shelves button to continue just work for 3 seconds, K5 relays Device is acted）、2A（The K3 actuatings of relay）Trickle charge or 12A（The K5 actuatings of relay）The charging current filled soon is filled to battery Electricity.If the battery both end voltage detected in 10 minutes is still less than 10.5V, rechargeable lamp extinguishes, digital display meter flickering display " bAt ", and close repair function.When charging voltage is more than or equal to 14.4V, then it is assumed that be filled with state.Now, charger meeting Charging is temporarily ceased, rechargeable lamp does not work.The voltage at digital display meter display battery two ends.S1 buttons can not be changed.Control system time delay FUL is shown after 60S.Afterwards, then time delay 50S.Due to stopped charging, charging voltage can be reduced slowly.When charging voltage is less than During equal to 13.1V, control system can be automatically into low current " floating charge " charged state（The K3 actuatings of relay, charging current is 0.5A）.When charging voltage is 13.7V（To the AGM batteries of 12V, this threshold value is set as 13.7V；GEL electric power storages to 12V Pond, this threshold value is set as 13.6V）When, control system this can stop charging again, afterwards time delay 50S again, and in " floating charge " and stop It is circulated between only charging.To play a part of to maintain battery to charge.

From above logic control, the different batteries of 12V charge, and its otherness is the conversion of some control process The setting of voltage threshold value is different.Other control flows are the same.

To 12V batteries, if selection " startup " mode（Startup shelves button must be pinned just to be worked after 3 seconds）, then fill Electrical apparatus control circuit with（75A）Especially big starting current is charged." startup " shelves charge, be served only for battery almost complete absence of The situation of electricity.By forcing " startup " mode,（With 75A ultrahigh currents）Quickly battery is charged.Due to this mode Charging current it is very big, it is not possible to for a long time in this current state.To ensure the use reliability of charger, journey is controlled Sequence is：

1）Detection cell voltage, if not connecting battery, shows ERR.

2）If being connected to 12V batteries and have selected any one grade of battery types of 12V, microprocessor control circuit meeting Make the K5 actuatings of relay.Meanwhile, charger starts output current.System delay 2S starts to detect electric current.If the electricity for detecting Stream is less than 1.5A, then control system program restarts.If the output current for detecting is not above 45A, K5 relays Actuation time is 120S, rest 180S.If the output current for detecting is more than 45A, K5 relay actuation times be 12S, Rest 180S.As detected electric current in the process less than 45A, then rest 180S is directly entered.Using countdown rest 180 Second, digital display meter has display.Afterwards, start to start work again.Such as need to stop " starting（START）" if function, then need to click " START " button is that can be exchanged into charging.

T1 DEG C of thermal protector is connected in the armature winding of main transformer T6.When the temperature of the Transformer Winding of charger internal When degree reaches design temperature, thermal protector is acted because of overheat, and the power supply of charger can be cut off, and charger is stopped. After after its temperature drop, could continue charge.Here it is its automatic overheat protective function.If environment temperature is higher, occur Frequently during protection, user can select slightly smaller charging current to charge storage battery, and the number of times of overtemperature protection can be efficiently reduced.

In work, when its output positive and negative electrode is short-circuited phenomenon, microprocessor control system can detect this existing As now charger will be without output.It is not in the phenomenon for burning out charger.The purpose of short-circuit protection can be played.

When the positive and negative electrode of battery exports positive and negative electrode charging clamp connecting line because polarity occurs in human factor with charger Reversed, in other words, when red charging clip is connected to the negative polarity of battery, and black charging clip is when being connected to the positive polarity of battery, Microprocessor control system can detect this phenomenon, and now charger will be without output.Reverse connecting protection can be automatically obtained.Meanwhile, ERR（LED）Indicator lamp can be lighted, to remind operator.

It is exactly above the simple procedure description of the utility model patent charger circuit and its operation principle.Certainly, do not have The place for illustrating, can also go to read and understand from circuit theory diagrams.Because circuit theory diagrams are also a kind of noiseless language Speech, can therefrom obtain the understanding of many other aspects.Simply seeing the people of figure needs professional knowledge and the basis in terms of circuit.

Additionally, in terms of the design and making of circuit board, the utility model patent also uses advanced technology, removes A small amount of large-sized device, such as charactron, potentiometer, connector, protective tube, plug-in type electric capacity component or parts Outward, substantial amounts of other electronic components（Such as resistance of paster, electric capacity, diode, each circuit chip, button）, made in production It is the installation and welding that device is automatically performed using efficient chip mounter when work.Due to the number of manual assembly device The activity duration of amount and welding component is fewer, thus circuit board processing, or even whole charger production efficiency ratio Higher, error rate is low, and making mass ratio is higher, can finally make first-time qualification rate during production very high, low manufacture cost.So And, general charger manufacturing enterprise, because strength is weak, product production quantity little, has no ability to be pasted using substantial amounts of SMT Piece device produces circuit board, it is also difficult to realize the production of automation or scale.Mainly by manual plug-in unit, assembling and weldering The mode for connecing is processed, therefore, the efficiency of production is low, and technological level also falls behind relatively.It can be seen that, the utility model patent electricity The design and processing mode of road plate also serve good effect to reduce manufacturing cost.

The utility model patent not use only advanced microprocessor control technology, and additionally use advanced processing Technology and technique produce circuit board.Charger have rational in infrastructure, small volume, lightweight, low cost, production efficiency it is high, system The advantages of making advanced technology.

It can be seen that, good circuit theory and its structure design is the advantage place of the utility model patent, is also to meet high Effect and inexpensive production, high reliability, the important leverage of technical advance.The content of the utility model patent application protection just exists In circuit theory, structure and the circuit-board laying-out design of protecting this charger.

Above content is to combine specific charger circuit, structure and circuit board and control function to the utility model patent The detailed description made, it is impossible to assert that the specific implementation of the utility model patent is only limited to these explanations.It is special to the utility model For the others skilled in the art of the profit technical field, on the premise of the utility model circuit and structural framing is not departed from, also Some simple deductions and replacement can be made, these should all be considered as belonging to the category of the utility model patent protection.

In sum, the control circuit and principle and structure design of the utility model patent charger have the spy of oneself Color, is also the emphasis and claim of the utility model patent protection.

Claims (4)

1. the battery charger that a kind of microprocessor is controlled, it is characterised in that：Charger mainly includes：Cover plate, base plate, back plate Plastics housing, foreboard plastics housing, negative polarity charging clip sub-line, positive polarity charging clip sub-line, power line, wire fixer, panel control Making sheet, rectification and current divider plate, Switching Power Supply and relay board, circuit board support and main transformer；Described panel control panel Be screwed on foreboard plastics housing, rectification and current divider plate are fixed on base plate by screw level, rectifier and its Radiator is longitudinally disposed to be fixed in rectification and current divider plate, and Switching Power Supply and relay board are longitudinally fixed by circuit board support On base plate, connected by wire circuit between each circuit board, power line, two storage battery bottle clip sub-lines, power line and two The connecting line of storage battery bottle clip is fixed on base plate respective card slot position by wire fixer.

2. the battery charger that a kind of microprocessor as claimed in claim 1 is controlled, it is characterised in that：Described charger Rectification and current divider plate include insert-connecting plate, connector, the output wiring terminal of resistance R1, two diodes, current divider and peripheries, Two diodes collectively constitute the secondary output of main transformer with two commutation diodes on rectifier and its heat sink assembly Rectification circuit, realizes the conversion of AC-to DC output, and current divider is then used for the signal sampling of output current.

3. the battery charger that a kind of microprocessor as claimed in claim 1 is controlled, it is characterised in that：Described switch electricity Include switching power circuit on source and relay board, switching power circuit include three 5A relays, 16A relay, ULN2003 chips, single-phase rectification bridge, DK106 chips, filter inductance, optocoupler, switching mode power supply transformer, program control pipe, quick two pole Pipe, and the resistance of these device peripheries, electric capacity, inductance and connector, connection inserted sheet；Switching Power Supply and relay board part are logical The part such as connector and connecting line and panel control panel, the armature winding of main transformer, power line of described charger is crossed to enter Row circuit is connected；Under the control action of switching power circuit ,+5V DC supplies are produced, for other control circuit work Use；On the other hand, the different tap portions of main transformer armature winding are also in series with different relays respectively；These relays In the presence of panel control panel circuit, the action of different relays will change the number of turn of main transformer armature winding, finally to device Obtain the different output voltages and electric current of this charger.

4. the battery charger that a kind of microprocessor as claimed in claim 1 is controlled, it is characterised in that：Described charger Panel control circuit is included on panel control panel, panel control circuit includes chip microprocessor, operational amplifier and optocoupler Chip, digital-scroll technique table, three keys or buttons, many resistance of the emitting led diode of some state instructions and periphery and Electric capacity；The control program of chip microprocessor is write by programming interface, and the partial circuit is also by interface and other control panels It is attached according to corresponding electrical principle Deng circuit part, the partial circuit can fill to the output voltage of charger or battery Piezoelectric voltage, charging current carry out signal sampling, and are monitored and control according to the different requirements charged.