CN108038631A - A kind of lithium ion battery risk assessment method - Google Patents
A kind of lithium ion battery risk assessment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108038631A CN108038631A CN201711497625.3A CN201711497625A CN108038631A CN 108038631 A CN108038631 A CN 108038631A CN 201711497625 A CN201711497625 A CN 201711497625A CN 108038631 A CN108038631 A CN 108038631A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0635—Risk analysis of enterprise or organisation activities
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
- G06Q50/265—Personal security, identity or safety
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of lithium ion battery risk assessment method, this method passes through methods of fault tree, draw the possible failure mode of battery and its respective weights, by calculating possibility probability and the degree of danger that every kind of failure mode or elementary event occur, to calculate the value-at-risk that accident occurs for battery, quantitative description is given for lithium ion battery danger.Present invention additionally contemplates that control action of the dangerous item station coefficient to failure mode, to the influence caused by value-at-risk.This method more science can accurately assess the danger of battery, and the safe range of battery can be delimited by quantitative secure threshold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of battery risk assessment, and in particular to one kind is used for work residing for qualitative assessment battery
Make the method for the security of environment.
Background technology
With the increasingly raising that people's life requires, lithium ion battery needs faster discharge and recharge times in large-scale application
The capacity of rate and bigger.And the increase of these factors can the security of strong influence battery in itself.Such as battery is in discharge and recharge
Substantial amounts of heat can be produced in cyclic process, in addition limited space and the effect of time integral, easily trigger the temperature of single battery
Rise, after more than normal battery operation temperature range, single battery internal material can decompose, and improve the pressure of inside battery
Power.If temperature cannot control in time, the thermal runaway of battery can be triggered.And this kind of thermal runaway risk is for loading a large amount of lithium ions
The electric automobile of battery unit, energy-accumulating power station etc. are unacceptable.
The security incident of lithium ion battery initiation is related at present by many media reports, such as Samsung Galaxy Note 7
Explosion accident, tesla's electric automobile firing accident etc..The security incident of battery easily causes the fear of consumer, to life
Business men economic benefit has an immense impact on.The danger of scientific and reasonable assessment battery, being beneficial to production firm can quantitatively comment
Estimate the safety coefficient for battery, safety standard is formulated for the safety coefficient.Lithium ion battery quilt in national standard GB6944-2012
It is divided into the 9th class " other classes ".But the classification is excessively extensive, it is difficult to give battery industry suitable safety standard.The present invention is logical
Each event that quantification treatment of battery has an accident is crossed, proposes the Risk Calculation method of evaluation battery danger, and root
Propose how to give corresponding secure threshold according to the computational methods.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is danger of the assessment lithium ion battery under specific working environment, assessment battery is in the work
Make whether to be within the scope of security risk under occasion.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of lithium ion battery risk assessment method, this method include following step
Suddenly：
Step (1) draws the mistake of battery possible electricity, heat, machinery under specific use occasion by methods of fault tree
Effect pattern or elementary event, calculate the structure importance coefficient under every kind of failure mode as its respective weights；
Step (2), for battery failure risk regionalization, obtains every kind of failure mode or elementary event according to EUCAR
Degree of causing danger (0~7 grade), and the possibility probability for counting its generation obtains the possibility degree (0~10 of event generation
Level), battery is calculated by the degree of danger to every kind of failure mode or elementary event and possibility degree product and weighted sum and is sent out
Make trouble thus value-at-risk；
Step (3) is with the greatest danger degree, the maximum for battery production, requirement safe to use, quantitatively delimitation battery
The secure threshold of possibility occurrence degree and the requirement of highest value-at-risk as battery production.
Wherein, in step (1) by methods of fault tree except the corresponding weight of the failure mode that can be drawn, also
It can draw the weight corresponding to each elementary event under failure mode, electricity can be more accurately drawn using elementary event assessment
The value-at-risk in pond.
Wherein, the delimitation of cell safety threshold value and country or enterprise are related and right for cell safety requirement in step (3)
In the dangerous values of each degree, individually divided from failure likelihood and security risk value occurs.
Wherein, the value-at-risk of Cell Evaluation corresponds to specific use occasion, and each use occasion has different failures
Pattern and accident method for generation, therefore, secure threshold also need to be formulated according to the use occasion.
The lithium ion battery risk assessment method of the present invention has following excellent effect compared with prior art.
(1) sexual behavior of causing danger to battery thus the region that relates to carried out quantification processing, including risk degree,
Event occurrence rate, dangerous item station coefficient etc..Compared to present fuzzy evaluation means more science, accurate.
(2) the setting secure threshold that can be quantified, it is more accurate, clear for the safety margin of battery.
(3) battery value-at-risk has much relations with battery use environment, can be according to battery use environment such as storage, car
Relevant risk threshold value delimited with, energy-accumulating power station etc., obtains battery required safety standard under different use environments.
(4) the possibility event occurred by event tree analysis battery can more comprehensively obtain battery and accident occurs
Fundamentals, so as to more comprehensively evaluate the value-at-risk of battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is top event for lithium ion battery storage and transportational process event tree analysis, wherein T, and A is intermediate event, x
For elementary event；
Fig. 2 is risk zones；
Fig. 3 is present invention specific implementation flow.
Embodiment
Main contents of the present invention are as follows：
1. value-at-risk
Battery danger can be divided into various modes such as electricity, heat, machinery etc..The subdivision of these limit risks is as shown in table 1：
1 lithium ion battery limit risk of table
In order to distinguish failure degree of danger of the battery under above abuse conditions, EUCAR is by the degree of danger of battery failure
It is divided into 0~7 kind of hazard index, as shown in table 2：
The failure degree of danger classification of table 2
This 7 kinds of degree summarise battery system and the failure case under different abuse conditions occur substantially, with S
(Severity) represent.And in different application scenarios, the possibility to fail to different abuse conditions of lithium ion battery
Property is different.For battery storage with for transport, wherein hot and mechanical failure mode should be main body, and electric failure
Pattern is comparatively just very low.In order to which for battery difference use environment, we are analyzed using weight analysis method.Such as
In battery storage and transport, heat and mechanical two kinds of failure modes account for 50% respectively, and electric is then 0%.With HRN (Hazard
RiskNumber) value-at-risk of battery is represented, then battery overall risk value (superposition of n kinds failure mode) should be every value-at-risk
Weighted sum：
Wherein HRNiRepresent the battery value-at-risk that i-th kind of failure mode occurs, WiFor the weight of various failure modes.It is counted
Calculation method is defined as the product of failure severity and probability of happening：
HRNi=Li×Si (2)
Wherein LiThe possibility degree occurred for i-th kind of failure mode, SiFail for i-th kind of failure mode serious
Degree.USABC is to LiQuantitative expression is carried out from 1~10, as described in Table 3：
3 failure mode possibility occurrence degree of table
On weight WiSelection, we by methods of fault tree, can calculate the structure weight of each failure mode
Coefficient is spent, to obtain the weighted value of each failure mode.By taking battery storage and transport as an example, battery is in storage and transportational process
In accident occurs can analyze to obtain every elementary event by Fig. 1：
Boolean algebra abbreviation is carried out to the accident tree, can obtain top event is：
T=A1+A2=x1+x2+x3+x4+x5 (3)
Carry out structure importance calculating to each elementary event：
Wherein A1、A2Two kinds of failure modes (heat, machinery) are represented respectively, are contrasted by structure importance, we can obtain
It is 40% and 60% to corresponding weight.Here if necessary to which failure mode (heat, machinery) is sub-divided into each elementary event, then
Each elementary event x1、x2、x3、x4、x5Weight be respectively 20%.And each parameter (L in formula (1) and (2)i、Si、Wi)
It is required for calculating from each elementary event.
2. risk threshold value and control coefrficient
Battery danger can be assessed with HRN values in Cell Evaluation, delimit a ultimate risk value HRN0Make
For battery storage or the judgment basis of transportation safety：
Low-risk region：HRN≤HRN0
High risk zone：HRN ＞ HRN0
In addition to needing to constrain value-at-risk, it is also necessary to it is constrained in other respects.Such as high-risk
Under dangerous degree, it also is difficult to be received by consumer even if the probability that accident occurs is very low, or even if very low degree of danger, but
High probability of happening be easy to cause consumer and uses fear.Assuming that possibility limiting value is L0, risk degree limiting value is S0。
Li＜ L0
Si＜ S0
Then meet that the region of each side's constraints is located at the low-risk region in Fig. 2.The low-risk region can be used as electricity
Pond industrial security production and the standard using judgement.
Although lithium ion battery has certain danger in itself, in actual use, but detected with application safety
The danger of battery is reduced with control means, the value-at-risk of script is reduced to below critical risk value so as to reach.Such as
The degree of danger (S) during battery failure can be substantially reduced using flame-retardant additive, relief valve, using overcharging protective device (just
Pole temperature coefficient PTC), heat management system etc. can reduce the probability that battery is overcharged, overheated.For these safeguard measures
Addition, we can quantify it with dangerous control coefrficient (Hazard Control Number, HCN).HCN can
To be divided according to controlling extent from 0 to 1, as shown in table 4：
4 dangerous item station coefficient of table
Therefore, the computational methods of formula (2) risk value become and turn to：
HRNi=Li×Si×(1-HCNi) (7)
Risk control means have many kinds, and under different failure modes, these control means can be superimposed, so as to reach more
The purpose protected again：
With reference to Fig. 3 and 2 case study on implementation, the present invention is described in further detail.
Case study on implementation 1：Hazard index (the S that lithium ion battery is stored with transportational process, battery fails1、S2) assume
For 5, in failure mode, heat pattern weight (W1) account for 40%, and mechanical mode (W2) account for 60%.What thermal failure pattern occurred can
Can property degree (L1) it is assumed to be 6, the possibility degree (L that mechanical failure mode occurs2) it is assumed to be 5.Battery storage and transport at this time
Hazard index be：
HRN=L1×S1×W1+L2×S2×W2=27 (9)
If adding temperature sensor in guard system to detect temperature, and battery is prevented to be subject to the external world with heat management system
Heat affecting and overheat, then the risk control index (HCN under thermal failure pattern1) it is assumed to be 0.6, reuse a series of damping devices
Reduce the influence of mechanical failure in battery storage and transportational process, it is assumed that the risk control index (HCN under mechanical failure mode2)
For 0.5.Then the hazard index after risk control is：
HRN=L1×S1×W1×(1-HCN1)+L2×S2×W2×(1-HCN2)=12.3 (10)
Case study on implementation 2：In pure electric automobile cell operation, cause the dominant failure mode that battery fails for heat
Pattern (high temperature, flame), power mode (overcharge, put excessively, internal short-circuit), mechanical (acupuncture, extruding, collision).These three patterns cause
The hazard index that battery fails is respectively S1=7, S2=6, S3=5, and corresponding weight is respectively W1=30%, W2=
60%th, W3=10%.Possibility degree (the L that thermal failure pattern occurs1) it is assumed to be 4, the possibility degree that electric failure mode occurs
(L2) it is assumed to be 6, the possibility degree (L that mechanical failure mode occurs3) it is assumed to be 5.Danger when electric automobile is run at this time refers to
Number is：
HRN=L1×S1×W1+L2×S2×W2+L3×S3×W3=32.5 (11)
In vehicle electric system, generally require that many protective devices are installed.For thermal failure pattern, often installation is hot
Management system manages the temperature environment of battery system, improves the service life of battery system.Risk control in this mode
Index (HCN1) it is assumed to be 0.6.To prevent battery from super-charge super-discharge occurs, it can install that anti-overcharge, anti-mistake is put and anti-seawater falls
Filling causes the safety device of external short circuit, reduces dangerous caused by electric failure mode is to battery system.Assuming that the wind under power mode
Dangerous control characteristic (HCN2) it is 0.6.When driving, it is often outer intentionally to occur, such as acupuncture, collision, damping protection system
System can reduce degree of danger of the mechanical failure mode to battery system.Assuming that the risk control index (HCN of mechanical mode3) be
0.5.Then the hazard index after risk control is：
HRN=L1×S1×W1×(1-HCN1)+L2×S2×W2×(1-HCN2)+L3×S3×W3×(1-HCN3)=
13.25(12)
Above example is two typical cases on lithium ion battery, but on secure threshold, it is necessary to according to country
Or enterprise delimit for the regulation of safety standard.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. lithium ion battery risk assessment method, it is characterised in that：This method comprises the following steps：Step (1) draws the failure mould of battery possible electricity, heat, machinery under specific use occasion by methods of fault tree Formula or elementary event, calculate the structure importance coefficient under every kind of failure mode as its respective weights；Step (2), for battery failure risk regionalization, obtains every kind of failure mode or elementary event and occurs according to EUCAR Degree of danger (0~7 grade), and the possibility probability for counting its generation obtains the possibility degree (0~10 grade) of event generation, leads to Cross and accident is occurred with possibility degree product and weighted sum calculating battery to the degree of danger of every kind of failure mode or elementary event Value-at-risk；Step (3) is with for battery production, requirement safe to use, quantitatively the greatest danger degree of delimitation battery, maximum generation The secure threshold of possibility degree and the requirement of highest value-at-risk as battery production.
- A kind of 2. lithium ion battery risk assessment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Lead in step (1) Cross methods of fault tree except the corresponding weight of the failure mode that can be drawn, can also draw each base under failure mode Weight corresponding to present event, the value-at-risk of battery can be more accurately drawn using elementary event assessment.
- A kind of 3. lithium ion battery risk assessment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is electric in step (3) Pond secure threshold delimit it is related for cell safety requirement with national or enterprise, and for the dangerous values of each degree, individually Divided from failure likelihood and security risk value occurs.
- A kind of 4. lithium ion battery risk assessment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The wind of Cell Evaluation Danger value corresponds to specific use occasion, and each use occasion has different failure modes and accident method for generation, therefore, peace Full threshold value also needs to be formulated according to the use occasion.
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| CN116452084A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-07-18 | 南京工业大学 | Lithium battery transportation risk assessment method |
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