CN108037535A - Metro shield forward probe laboratory testing rig based on electrical method - Google Patents
Metro shield forward probe laboratory testing rig based on electrical method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108037535A CN108037535A CN201711012611.8A CN201711012611A CN108037535A CN 108037535 A CN108037535 A CN 108037535A CN 201711012611 A CN201711012611 A CN 201711012611A CN 108037535 A CN108037535 A CN 108037535A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of metro shield forward probe laboratory testing rig based on electrical method, including model test shell, main tunnel model, anomalous body, simulation tunnel country rock, detection device, anomalous body displacement apparatus, data acquisition device and controller；Model test shell is the rectangular box body of a uncovered, several holes are provided with the one side of babinet, main tunnel model is fixed in the porose one side of model test shell, detection device is installed on main tunnel model, simulation tunnel country rock is filled in model test shell, anomalous body displacement apparatus is fixed on the ring muscle of model test cover top portion, anomalous body is placed on anomalous body displacement apparatus, controller and data acquisition device are fixed on the ring muscle of model test cover top portion, are communicated with detection device and anomalous body displacement apparatus.The present invention is rational in infrastructure, cheap, convenient to implement, can be with the anomalous body situation in front of real-time online measuring working face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to an electric-method-based subway shield advanced exploration indoor testing device.
Background
The electric method exploration is little interfered by metal in the tunnel, is not easy to be interfered by an alternating electromagnetic field during detection, has sensitive response to low-resistance abnormity and high resolution, has unique advantages in detecting hydrogeological structures with great harmfulness to production and construction, such as water-containing goafs, water-containing faults, water-rich rock stratums, rock collapse columns and the like, and achieves remarkable effect in the actual advance detection of the subway shield. The physical simulation method of electrical prospecting is based on the similarity of physical phenomena, can construct a model closer to complex geological conditions, can check and check numerical forward results under laboratory scale, and is an indispensable forward simulation means particularly for the simulation of complex geoelectrical conditions or the exploration of novel measurement modes. At present, the indoor test methods for electrical prospecting mainly comprise an earth groove method and a water groove method. The earth groove method is a simulation method for arranging a model, a device and a field source in a water groove, sand is used as a medium to simulate actual surrounding rock, and a high-resistance material or a metal material with a regular shape is used to simulate an underground high-resistance abnormal body or a low-resistance abnormal body. The water tank method and the earth tank method have the same model, device and field source arrangement and the same measurement principle, and the difference between the water tank method and the earth tank method is that the medium for simulating the surrounding rock in the water tank method is water, and the defect of inaccurate measurement caused by rapid change of contact resistance in advance detection of the subway shield machine simulated by the earth tank method is well solved due to the uniformity of the water medium. The measuring method adopted by the model device of the current water tank method is a conventional fixed point source tripolar method, the electrode arrangement mode is that a measuring electrode is arranged on a side wall of a simulated tunnel, a power supply electrode is fixedly arranged on a simulated tunnel face, a grounding electrode is fixed at a position, far away from the tunnel face, of the side wall of the simulated tunnel, and the measuring electrode moves along a measuring line behind the tunnel face to acquire data. Therefore, at present, no effective indoor test model suitable for advanced detection of the subway shield exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an electric-method-based subway shield advanced detection indoor test device which is reasonable in structure, low in price and convenient to implement.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an electric-method-based subway shield advanced detection indoor test device is characterized by comprising a model test shell, a main tunnel model, an abnormal body, a simulated tunnel surrounding rock, a detection device, an abnormal body replacement device, a data acquisition device and a controller; the model test shell is a uncovered rectangular box body and is formed by gluing acrylic plates, the top of the box body is provided with an annular rib, the annular rib is provided with a plurality of small holes, one side surface of the box body is provided with a plurality of holes, the main tunnel model is fixed on one side of the hole of the model test shell, the detection device is arranged on the main tunnel model, the simulated tunnel surrounding rock is filled in the model test shell, the abnormal body replacement device is fixed on the small hole of the annular rib at the top of the model test shell, the abnormal body is placed on the abnormal body replacement device, and the controller and the data acquisition device are fixed on the annular rib at the top of the model test shell and are communicated with the detection device and the abnormal body replacement device;
The main tunnel model is made of ABS material by 3D printing. The bottom end of the main tunnel model is equipped with a flange, the middle section is a round tube, the tube body is covered with a layer of copper foil, and the top surface of the tube body is sealed. A stepped hole is opened at the place, and the flange at the bottom end is fixed on the holed side of the model test shell by bolts and nuts. Considering the waterproof and tightness, an elastic sealing ring is installed where the bolts and nuts contact the model test shell.
The detection device comprises an array electrode and a simulation cutter head, the simulation cutter head is a circular acrylic plate, and small holes with equal intervals are formed in the diameter direction of the acrylic plate; the array electrode is divided into an excitation electrode, a measuring electrode, a protection electrode and a return electrode, the excitation electrode and the measuring electrode are equidistantly arranged on small holes in the diameter direction of the simulation cutter head, the protection electrode is uniformly distributed and adhered to the periphery of the circular tube body covering the copper foil, and the return electrode is adhered to the circular tube body far away from the simulation cutter head and close to the bottom end of the main tunnel model.
The simulation cutter head is fixed at one end of a stainless steel hollow shaft through a supporting leg flange, a notch is formed in the hollow shaft, a lead at one end of a rotor of a conductive slip ring on the hollow shaft penetrates out of the notch in the hollow shaft to be connected with an excitation electrode and a measuring electrode on the simulation cutter head, a lead at one end of a stator of the conductive slip ring is connected with a controller and a data acquisition device, a rotation stopping sheet is arranged on the conductive slip ring, and a long lead screw and a plurality of nuts are arranged on the rotation stopping sheet to fix the conductive slip ring on a model test shell; a waterproof sealing bearing is arranged on the hollow shaft and is embedded into a step hole at the sealing position of the top surface of the pipe body of the round pipe; in order to enable the simulation cutter head to rotate, a first coupler is arranged at the other end of the hollow shaft and is connected with a first stepping motor, the first stepping motor is connected with a controller through a lead, and the first stepping motor is fixed on a model test shell through a first motor base; after the assembly, the notch and the two ports of the hollow shaft are sealed, so that water is prevented from entering the main tunnel model.
The simulated tunnel surrounding rock is aqueous solution, and due to the uniformity of water, the measuring electrode is in full contact with surrounding media, the situation that the measuring voltage changes rapidly can not occur, and the measuring precision can be improved.
The abnormal body replacement device comprises a working platform which is fixed on a ring rib small hole at the top of a model test shell and can move along the XYZ direction, the model test shell is in threaded connection with the working platform moving along the XYZ direction, and the working platform moving along the XYZ direction comprises two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving along the X direction, one synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table module moving along the Y direction and one ball screw linear guide rail sliding table module moving along the Z direction.
The two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving along the X direction respectively comprise a first guide rail, a second guide rail, a first sliding table, a second sliding table, a first synchronous belt, a second synchronous belt, a first polished rod, a second polished rod, a third polished rod, a fourth polished rod, a second coupler, a third coupler, a fourth coupler, a second stepping motor and a second motor base, wherein the lead of the first guide rail and the lead of the second guide rail are both 600mm, the first polished rod and the second polished rod are fixed on the first guide rail, the first synchronous belt is wound on the first guide rail, the first sliding table penetrates through the first polished rod, the second polished rod and the first synchronous belt to move on the first guide rail along the X direction, one end of a bearing seat on the first guide rail is connected with the fourth coupler, the other end of the fourth coupler is connected with the second stepping motor, and the fourth coupler and the second stepping motor are fixed on the second motor seat on the first guide rail; the third polish rod and the fourth polish rod are fixed on a second guide rail, a second synchronous belt is wound on the second guide rail, and the second sliding table penetrates through the third polish rod, the fourth polish rod and the second synchronous belt to move on the second guide rail along the X direction; two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving along the X direction are connected through a second coupler, a third coupler and a transmission shaft.
The synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Y direction consists of a third guide rail, a third sliding table, a third synchronous belt, a fifth polished rod, a sixth polished rod, a fifth coupler, a third stepping motor and a third motor base, wherein the lead of the third guide rail is 300mm, the fifth polished rod and the sixth polished rod are fixed on the third guide rail, the third synchronous belt is wound on the third guide rail, the third sliding table penetrates through the fifth polished rod, the sixth polished rod and the third synchronous belt to move on the third guide rail in the Y direction, one end of a bearing seat on the third guide rail is connected with the fifth coupler, the other end of the fifth coupler is connected with the third stepping motor, and the fifth coupler and the third stepping motor are fixed on the third motor base of the third guide rail; the synchronous belt linear guide sliding table module moving in the Y direction is fixed on the first sliding table and the second sliding table of the two synchronous belt linear guide sliding table modules moving in the X direction through the first right-angle connecting piece and the second right-angle connecting piece.
The ball screw linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Z direction consists of a fourth sliding table, a screw rod, a seventh polished rod, an eighth polished rod, a sixth coupler and a fourth stepping motor, and a bottom plate, wherein the lead of the screw rod is 500mm, the seventh polished rod, the eighth polished rod and the screw rod are fixed on the bottom plate, the fourth sliding table passes through the seventh polished rod, the eighth polished rod and the screw rod to move in the Z direction, one end of a bearing seat on the bottom plate is connected with the sixth coupler, the other end of the sixth coupler is connected with the fourth stepping motor, and the sixth coupler and the fourth stepping motor are fixed on the bottom plate; and the ball screw linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Z direction is fixed on the third sliding table of the two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving in the Y direction through a third right-angle connecting piece.
An acrylic L-shaped connecting plate is fixed on the fourth sliding table and in threaded connection with the fourth sliding table, a round hole is formed in the bottom of the L-shaped connecting plate, a lead screw is fixed in the round hole, a movable plate is connected onto the lead screw and in threaded connection with the lead screw, the movable plate can move up and down and can be used for clamping abnormal bodies of different sizes, a threaded hole is formed in the movable plate, a clamping handle is installed in the threaded hole, and the abnormal bodies can be clamped by adjusting the clamping handle.
The abnormal body can be made of regular high-resistance materials or metal materials to simulate the underground high-resistance abnormal body or low-resistance abnormal body.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an electric-method-based subway shield advanced detection indoor test model which is reasonable in structure, low in price and convenient to implement, and an electrode arrangement mode of a detection device is as follows: the measuring electrodes and the exciting electrodes are arranged in the diameter direction of the simulation cutter disc at equal intervals, the protective electrodes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the copper foil covered by the main tunnel model, and the abnormal body condition in front of the working face can be measured in real time on line according to the scanning mode of simulating the rotation of the cutter disc in the simulation tunneling process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the measuring electrodes and exciting electrodes on the simulated cutterhead of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the anomaly replacement device of the present invention.
In the attached drawings, 1 is a model test shell, 2 is a first coupler, 3 is a first stepping motor, 4 is a first motor base, 5 is a hollow shaft, 6 is a stop plate, 7 is a conductive slip ring, 8 is a main tunnel model, 9 is a waterproof sealing bearing, 10 is a leg flange, 11 is a simulation cutter head, 12 is a first guide rail, 13 is a third polish rod, 14 is a fourth polish rod, 15 is a second coupler, 16 is a transmission shaft, 17 is a third coupler, 18 is an L-shaped connecting plate, 19 is a lead screw, 20 is a clamping handle, 21 is a movable plate, 22 is an abnormal body, 23 is a controller, 24 is a data acquisition device, 25 is a first polish rod, 26 is a second polish rod, 27 is a first synchronous belt, 28 is a first sliding table, 29 is a second motor base, 30 is a fourth stepping motor, 31 is a bottom plate, 32 is a seventh polish rod, 33 is a lead screw, 34 is an eighth polish rod, 35 is a fourth polish rod, 36 is a fifth polish rod, 37 is a polished rod, 38 is a third synchronous belt, 39 is a third guide rail, 40 is a third stepping motor, 41 is a fifth coupler, 42 is a third motor base, 43 is a second sliding table, 44 is a second synchronous belt, 45 is a second guide rail, 46 is a filament rod, 47 is a protective electrode, 48 is a return electrode, 49 is a fourth coupler, 50 is a simulated tunnel surrounding rock, 51 is a first right-angle connecting piece, 52 is a second right-angle connecting piece, 53 is a third right-angle connecting piece, 54 is a second stepping motor, 55 is a third sliding table, 56 is an excitation electrode, 57 is a measuring electrode, 58 is a sixth coupler, and 59 is a ring rib.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to specific examples and the accompanying drawings.
An electric-method-based indoor test model for advanced detection of subway shield comprises a model test shell 1, a main tunnel model 8, an abnormal body 22, a simulated tunnel surrounding rock 50, a detection device, an abnormal body replacement device, a data acquisition device 24 and a controller 23, wherein the model test shell is a hollow structure; the model test shell 1 is a uncovered rectangular box body, the internal dimension of the box body is 1000mm x 400mm x 500mm (length x width x height), the box body is formed by gluing five 10mm acrylic plates, the top of the box body is provided with a ring rib 59, the ring rib is provided with a plurality of small holes, one side surface of the box body is provided with a plurality of holes, a main tunnel model 8 is fixed on one side of the model test shell 1 with the holes, a detection device is installed on the main tunnel model 8, a simulated tunnel surrounding rock 50 is filled in the model test shell 1, an abnormal body replacement device is fixed on the small holes of the ring rib 59 at the top of the model test shell 1, an abnormal body 22 is placed on the abnormal body replacement device, a controller 23 and a data acquisition device 24 are fixed on the ring rib 59 at the top of the model test shell 1, and the abnormal body replacement device is communicated with the detection device and the abnormal.
The main tunnel model is made of ABS material through 3D printing. The main tunnel model 8 has a flange at the bottom end, a round tube in the middle section, and the round tube body is covered with a layer of copper foil. A stepped hole is opened at the seal, and the flange at the bottom end is fixed on the holed side of the model test housing 1 by bolts and nuts. Considering the waterproof and tightness, an elastic sealing ring is installed where the bolts and nuts contact the model test housing 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the detecting device includes an array electrode and a simulation cutter 11, the simulation cutter 11 is a circular acrylic plate, and small holes with equal distance are formed in the diameter direction of the acrylic plate; the array electrode is made of copper, the array electrode is divided into an excitation electrode 56, a measuring electrode 57, a protection electrode 47 and a return electrode 48, and the excitation electrode 56 and the measuring electrode 57 are equidistantly arranged on a small hole in the diameter direction of the simulation cutter head 11, as shown in fig. 2. The protective electrodes 47 are uniformly distributed and adhered around the copper foil covered round pipe body, and the return electrodes 48 are adhered on the round pipe body far away from the simulation cutter head 11 and close to the bottom end of the main tunnel model.
As shown in fig. 1, a simulation cutter head 11 is fixed at one end of a stainless steel hollow shaft 5 through a supporting leg flange 10, a notch is arranged on the hollow shaft 5, a lead wire at one end of a rotor of a conductive slip ring 7 on the hollow shaft 5 penetrates out of the notch on the hollow shaft to be connected with an excitation electrode 56 and a measuring electrode 57 on the simulation cutter head 11, a lead wire at one end of a stator of the conductive slip ring 7 is connected with a controller 23 and a data acquisition device 24, a rotation stopping sheet 6 is arranged on the conductive slip ring 7, and a long lead screw 46 and a plurality of nuts are arranged on the rotation stopping sheet 6 to fix the conductive slip ring 7 on a model test shell 1, so that the problem that rotating lead wires of the; a waterproof sealing bearing 9 is arranged on the hollow shaft 5, and the waterproof sealing bearing 9 is embedded into a step hole at the sealing position of the top surface of the pipe body of the round pipe; in order to enable the simulation cutter head to rotate, a first coupler 2 is arranged at the other end of the hollow shaft 5, the first coupler 2 is connected with a first stepping motor 3, the first stepping motor 3 is connected with a controller 23 through a lead, and the first stepping motor 3 is fixed on the model test shell 1 through a first motor base 4; after assembly, the slot and the two ports of the hollow shaft 5 are sealed to prevent water from entering the main tunnel model 8.
The simulated tunnel surrounding rock 50 is an aqueous solution, and due to the uniformity of water, the measuring electrode 57 is in full contact with surrounding media, the situation that the measuring voltage changes rapidly can not occur, and the measuring precision can be improved.
The anomaly 22 may be made of regular high-resistance material or metal material to simulate a high-resistance anomaly or a low-resistance anomaly in the ground.
As shown in fig. 1, the abnormal body replacement device comprises a working platform which is fixed on a small hole of a ring rib 59 at the top of a model test shell 1 and can move along the XYZ direction, the model test shell 1 is in threaded connection with the working platform moving along the XYZ direction, and the working platform moving along the XYZ direction comprises two synchronous belt linear guide sliding table modules moving along the X direction, one synchronous belt linear guide sliding table module moving along the Y direction and one ball screw linear guide sliding table module moving along the Z direction.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving along the X direction respectively comprise a first guide rail 12, a second guide rail 45, a first sliding table 28, a second sliding table 43, a first synchronous belt 27, a second synchronous belt 44, a first polished rod 25, a second polished rod 26, a third polished rod 13, a fourth polished rod 14, a second coupler 15, a third coupler 17, a fourth coupler 49, a second stepping motor 54, and a second motor base 29, wherein the lead of the first guide rail 12 and the lead of the second guide rail 45 are both 600mm, the first polished rod 25 and the second polished rod 26 are fixed on the first guide rail 12, the first synchronous belt 27 is wound on the first guide rail 12, the first sliding table 28 passes through the first polished rod 25, the second polished rod 26, and the first synchronous belt 27 to move on the first guide rail 12 along the X direction, one end of the bearing base on the first guide rail 12 is connected with the fourth coupler 49, the other end of the fourth coupler 49 is connected with the second stepping motor 54, the fourth coupling 49 and the second stepping motor 54 are fixed to the second motor base 29 of the first guide rail 12; the third polished rod 13 and the fourth polished rod 14 are fixed on a second guide rail 45, a second synchronous belt 44 is wound on the second guide rail 45, and a second sliding table 43 passes through the third polished rod 13, the fourth polished rod 14 and moves on the guide rail C2 along the X direction together with the second synchronous belt 44; two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving along the X direction are connected through a second coupler 15, a third coupler 17 and a transmission shaft 16.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Y direction is composed of a third guide rail 39, a third sliding table 55, a third synchronous belt 38, a fifth polished rod 36, a sixth polished rod 37, a fifth coupler 41, a third stepping motor 40, and a third motor base 42, the lead of the third guide rail 39 is 300mm, the fifth polished rod 36 and the sixth polished rod 37 are fixed on the third guide rail 39, the third synchronous belt 38 is wound on the third guide rail 39, the third sliding table 55 passes through the fifth polished rod 36, the sixth polished rod 37, and the third synchronous belt 38 and moves in the Y direction on the third guide rail 39, one end of a bearing seat on the third guide rail 39 is connected with the fifth coupler 41, the other end of the fifth coupler 41 is connected with the third stepping motor 40, and the fifth coupler 41 and the third stepping motor 40 are fixed on the third motor base 42 of the third guide rail 39; the synchronous belt linear guide sliding table module moving in the Y direction is fixed on the first sliding table 28 and the second sliding table 43 of the two synchronous belt linear guide sliding table modules moving in the X direction through the first right-angle connecting piece 51 and the second right-angle connecting piece 52.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the ball screw linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Z direction is composed of a fourth sliding table 35, a screw 33, a seventh polished rod 32, an eighth polished rod 34, a sixth coupler 58, a fourth stepping motor 30, and a bottom plate 31, wherein the lead of the screw 33 is 500mm, the seventh polished rod 32, the eighth polished rod 34, and the screw 33 are fixed on the bottom plate 31, the fourth sliding table 35 passes through the seventh polished rod 32, the eighth polished rod 34, and the screw 33 to move in the Z direction, one end of a bearing seat on the bottom plate 31 is connected with the sixth coupler 58, the other end of the sixth coupler 58 is connected with the fourth stepping motor 30, and the sixth coupler 58 and the fourth stepping motor 30 are fixed on the bottom plate 31; an acrylic L-shaped connecting plate 18 is fixed on the fourth sliding table 35 and is in threaded connection with the fourth sliding table, a round hole is formed in the bottom of the L-shaped connecting plate 18, a screw rod 19 is fixed in the round hole, a movable plate 21 is connected onto the screw rod 19, the movable plate 21 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 19, the movable plate 21 can move up and down and can be used for clamping abnormal bodies 22 with different sizes, a threaded hole is formed in the movable plate 21, a clamping handle 20 is installed in the threaded hole, and the abnormal bodies 22 can be clamped by adjusting the clamping handle 20; the ball screw linear guide sliding table module moving in the Z direction is fixed on the third sliding table 55 of the two synchronous belt linear guide sliding table modules moving in the Y direction through a third right-angle connecting piece 53.
In the test, in order to reduce the influence of other materials on the resistivity of the simulated surrounding rock around the abnormal body as much as possible, the surface of the part, except the electrode, which is in contact with the simulated surrounding rock is coated with a layer of insulating paint. The abnormal body is placed on the L-shaped connecting plate, the clamping handle is adjusted to clamp the abnormal body, the controller controls the stepping motor to drive the simulation cutter disc to rotate in water, the working platform moving in the XYZ direction is controlled by the controller to move in all directions, embedding of the abnormal bodies in different trends is completed, and therefore the requirement of replaceable and repeatable geological abnormal bodies in a model test is met. One electrode arranged on the simulation cutter head is used as an excitation electrode, other electrodes are used as measuring electrodes, direct currents with the same size are introduced into the excitation electrode and the protection electrode, and the data acquisition device acquires voltages between the measuring electrodes and the return electrode when the simulation cutter head rotates for a certain angle in real time.
Claims (6)
1. An electric-method-based subway shield advanced detection indoor test device is characterized by comprising a model test shell (1), a main tunnel model (8), an abnormal body (22), a simulated tunnel surrounding rock (50), a detection device, an abnormal body replacement device, a data acquisition device (24) and a controller (23); the model test shell (1) is a uncovered rectangular box body and is formed by gluing acrylic plates, the top of the box body is provided with an annular rib (59), and the annular rib is provided with a plurality of small holes; a plurality of holes are formed in one side face of the box body, the main tunnel model (8) is fixed on one face with the holes of the model test shell (1), the detection device is installed on the main tunnel model (8), the simulated tunnel surrounding rock (50) is filled in the model test shell (1), the abnormal body replacement device is fixed on a ring rib (59) at the top of the model test shell (1), the abnormal body (22) is placed on the abnormal body replacement device, and the controller (23) and the data acquisition device (24) are fixed on the ring rib (59) at the top of the model test shell and are communicated with the detection device and the abnormal body replacement device;
the bottom end of the main tunnel model (8) is provided with a flange plate, the middle section of the main tunnel model is a round pipe, a layer of copper foil covers the pipe body of the round pipe, a stepped hole is formed in the sealing position of the top surface of the pipe body of the round pipe, the flange plate at the bottom end is fixed on one surface of the model test shell (1) with the hole through a bolt and a nut, and an elastic sealing ring is arranged at the contact position of the bolt and the nut and the model test shell;
the detection device comprises an array electrode and a simulation cutter head (11), wherein the simulation cutter head (11) is a circular acrylic plate, and small holes with equal intervals are formed in the diameter direction of the acrylic plate; the array electrode is divided into an excitation electrode (56), a measuring electrode (57), a protective electrode (47) and a return electrode (48), the excitation electrode (56) and the measuring electrode (57) are equidistantly arranged on a small hole in the diameter direction of the simulation cutter head (11), the protective electrode (47) is uniformly distributed and adhered to the periphery of the circular tube body covering copper foil, and the return electrode (48) is adhered to the circular tube body far away from the simulation cutter head (11) and close to the bottom end of the main tunnel model;
the simulation cutter head (11) is fixed at one end of a stainless steel hollow shaft (5) through a supporting leg flange (10), a notch is formed in the hollow shaft (5), a lead at one end of a rotor of a conductive slip ring (7) on the hollow shaft (5) penetrates out of the notch in the hollow shaft to be connected with an excitation electrode (56) and a measuring electrode (57) on the simulation cutter head (11), a lead at one end of a stator of the conductive slip ring (7) is connected with a controller (23) and a data acquisition device (24), a rotation stopping sheet (6) is arranged on the conductive slip ring (7), and a long lead screw (46) and a plurality of nuts are installed on the rotation stopping sheet (6) to fix the conductive slip ring (7) on the model test shell (1); a waterproof sealing bearing (9) is arranged on the hollow shaft (5), and the waterproof sealing bearing (9) is embedded into a step hole at the sealing position of the top surface of the circular tube body; in order to enable the simulation cutter head to rotate, a first coupler (2) is arranged at the other end of the hollow shaft (5), the first coupler (2) is connected with a first stepping motor (3), the first stepping motor (3) is connected with a controller (23) through a lead, and the first stepping motor (3) is fixed on the model test shell (1) through a first motor base (4); after the assembly is finished, the notch and two ports of the hollow shaft (5) are sealed, and water is prevented from entering the main tunnel model (8);
abnormal body replacement device, including fixing the work platform that can follow the XYZ direction and remove on model test shell (1) top ring muscle (59) aperture, this work platform comprises two hold-in range linear guide slip table modules that remove along the X direction, a hold-in range linear guide slip table module that removes along the Y direction and a ball screw linear guide slip table module that removes along the Z direction, threaded connection between this work platform and model test shell (1) top ring muscle (59).
2. The subway shield advance detection indoor test device based on the electric method as claimed in claim 1, wherein two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving in the X direction are respectively composed of a first guide rail (12), a second guide rail (45), a first sliding table (28), a second sliding table (43), a first synchronous belt (27), a second synchronous belt (44), a first polished rod (25), a second polished rod (26), a third polished rod (13), a fourth polished rod (14), a second coupler (15), a third coupler (17), a fourth coupler (49), a second stepping motor (54) and a second motor base (29), both the lead of the first guide rail (12) and the lead of the second guide rail (45) are 600mm, the first polished rod (25) and the second polished rod (26) are fixed on the first guide rail (12), the first synchronous belt (27) is wound on the first guide rail (12), a first sliding table (28) penetrates through a first polished rod (25), a second polished rod (26) and a first synchronous belt (27) to move on a first guide rail (12) along the X direction, one end of a bearing seat on the first guide rail (12) is connected with a fourth coupler (49), the other end of the fourth coupler (49) is connected with a second stepping motor (54), the fourth coupler (49) and the second stepping motor (54) are fixed on a second motor seat (29) of the first guide rail (12), a third polished rod (13) and a fourth polished rod (14) are fixed on a second guide rail (45), a second synchronous belt (44) is wound on the second guide rail (45), and a second sliding table (43) penetrates through the third polished rod (13), the fourth polished rod (14) and the second synchronous belt (44) to move on the second guide rail (45) along the X direction; two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving along the X direction are connected through a second coupler (15), a third coupler (17) and a transmission shaft (16).
3. The subway shield advance detection indoor test device based on the electric method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Y direction is composed of a third guide rail (39), a third sliding table (55), a third synchronous belt (38), a fifth polished rod (36), a sixth polished rod (37), a fifth coupler (41), a third step motor (40) and a third motor base (42), the lead of the third guide rail (39) is 300mm, the fifth polished rod (36) and the sixth polished rod (37) are fixed on the third guide rail (39), the third synchronous belt (38) is wound on the third guide rail (39), the third sliding table (55) passes through the fifth polished rod (36), the sixth polished rod (37) and the third synchronous belt (38) and moves in the Y direction on the third guide rail (39), one end of the bearing base on the third guide rail (39) is connected with the fifth coupler (41), the other end of the fifth coupler (41) is connected with a third stepping motor (40), and the fifth coupler (41) and the third stepping motor (40) are fixed on a third motor base (42) of a third guide rail (39); the synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Y direction is fixed on a first sliding table (28) and a second sliding table (43) of two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving in the X direction through a first right-angle connecting piece (51) and a second right-angle connecting piece (52).
4. The electric-based subway shield advanced detection indoor test device as claimed in claim 1, the ball screw linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Z direction is characterized by consisting of a fourth sliding table (35), a lead screw (33), a seventh polished rod (32), an eighth polished rod (34), a sixth coupler (58), a fourth stepping motor (30) and a bottom plate (31), wherein the lead screw (33) is 500mm, the seventh polished rod (32), the eighth polished rod (34) and the lead screw (33) are fixed on the bottom plate (31), the fourth sliding table (35) penetrates through the seventh polished rod (32), the eighth polished rod (34) and the lead screw (33) move in the Z direction, one end of a bearing seat on the bottom plate (31) is connected with the sixth coupler (58), the other end of the sixth coupler (58) is connected with the fourth stepping motor (30), and the sixth coupler (58) and the fourth stepping motor (30) are fixed on the bottom plate (31); and the ball screw linear guide rail sliding table module moving in the Z direction is fixed on a third sliding table (55) of two synchronous belt linear guide rail sliding table modules moving in the Y direction through a third right-angle connecting piece (53).
5. The electric-method-based indoor subway shield advanced detection test device as claimed in claim 4, wherein an L-shaped connecting plate (18) is fixed on the fourth sliding table (35) and is in threaded connection with the fourth sliding table, a round hole is formed in the bottom of the L-shaped connecting plate (18), a lead screw (19) is fixed in the round hole, a movable plate (21) is connected onto the lead screw (19), the movable plate (21) is in threaded connection with the lead screw (19), the movable plate (21) can move up and down and can be used for clamping abnormal bodies (22) of different sizes, threaded holes are formed in the movable plate (21), a clamping handle (20) is installed in the threaded holes, and the abnormal bodies (22) can be clamped by adjusting the clamping handle (20).
6. The electric-method-based subway shield advanced detection indoor test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said simulated tunnel surrounding rock (50) is aqueous solution, due to the uniformity of water, the measuring electrode is fully contacted with the surrounding medium, the situation of rapid change of measuring voltage is avoided, and the improvement of measuring accuracy is facilitated.
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