CN108037468A - A kind of fuel cell diagnostic device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明实施例提出一种燃料电池诊断装置及方法，涉及新能源技术领域。该装置通过将正弦波发生器与扰动负载电连接，扰动负载及工作负载均与一燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，电流采集模块与多通道频率响应分析仪电连接，电压采集模块与燃料电池以及多通道频率响应分析仪均电连接，并利用多通道频率响应分析仪依据电流采集模块采集的电流值、压采集模块采集的燃料电池中预划分的多个区域的电压值确定燃料电池每个区域的状态；由于无需与标定样或基准样特性进行比对，仅通过将燃料电池的不同区域进行比对，便能在判断燃料电池是否存在故障的同时，还能得知燃料电池中出现故障的具体区域，不仅简化了诊断燃料电池性能的过程，还使得诊断功能更加全面。
Embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel cell diagnostic device and method, which relate to the field of new energy technologies. The device electrically connects the sine wave generator to the disturbance load, the disturbance load and the working load are electrically connected to a fuel cell to form a closed loop, the current acquisition module is electrically connected to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, and the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected to the fuel cell and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer are electrically connected, and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to determine the current value of the fuel cell according to the current value collected by the current acquisition module and the voltage values of the pre-divided regions in the fuel cell collected by the voltage acquisition module. The state of the area; since there is no need to compare with the characteristics of the calibration sample or reference sample, only by comparing different areas of the fuel cell, it is possible to determine whether there is a fault in the fuel cell and at the same time know that there is a fault in the fuel cell It not only simplifies the process of diagnosing fuel cell performance, but also makes the diagnosis function more comprehensive.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及新能源技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种燃料电池诊断装置及方法。The present invention relates to the field of new energy technology, in particular to a fuel cell diagnosis device and method.
背景技术Background technique
面对能源瓶颈和日益严重的雾霾，发展新能源汽车是大势所趋。为保护环境，减少城市中的大气污染，以PEMFC(质子交换膜燃料电池)为动力的装置受到越来越多的关注。目前车用燃料电池发动机有很好的市场预期，已渐渐由示范运行阶段转入商业化阶段。而车用燃料电池发动机商业化必须面临的挑战是成本和寿命，寿命的长短取决于燃料电池发动机系统本身及所处的环境状态，如果我们能诊断出燃料电池发动机系统本身的状态，对于燃料电池发动机系统寿命的提升意义重大。In the face of energy bottlenecks and increasingly severe smog, the development of new energy vehicles is the general trend. In order to protect the environment and reduce air pollution in cities, devices powered by PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) have received more and more attention. At present, fuel cell engines for vehicles have good market expectations, and have gradually shifted from the demonstration operation stage to the commercialization stage. However, the commercialization of fuel cell engines for vehicles must face the challenges of cost and service life. The length of service life depends on the fuel cell engine system itself and its environmental conditions. The improvement of engine system life is of great significance.
在现有技术中，大多采用在线施加正弦交流电扰动，获取燃料电池堆的阻抗，根据与标定样或基准样特性比对，从而诊断、分析燃料电池或燃料电池系统的方法。但采用这种方式的弊端在于，需要与标定样或基准样特性进行比对，操作较为繁琐；此外，最终获取的诊断、分析结果比较笼统，并不能清楚得知燃料电池具体出现故障的位置以及原因等。In the prior art, the methods of applying sinusoidal alternating current disturbance on-line to obtain the impedance of the fuel cell stack, and comparing with the characteristics of the calibration sample or reference sample are used to diagnose and analyze the fuel cell or fuel cell system. However, the disadvantage of this method is that it needs to be compared with the characteristics of the calibration sample or the reference sample, and the operation is more cumbersome; in addition, the final diagnosis and analysis results are relatively general, and it is impossible to clearly know the specific failure location of the fuel cell and reason etc.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种燃料电池诊断装置及方法，以解决上述问题。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell diagnosis device and method to solve the above problems.
为了实现上述目的，本发明实施例采用的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种燃料电池诊断装置，所述燃料电池诊断装置包括：正弦波发生器、扰动负载、工作负载、电流采集模块、电压采集模块以及多通道频率响应分析仪，所述正弦波发生器与所述扰动负载电连接，所述扰动负载与一燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，所述工作负载与所述燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，所述电流采集模块与所述多通道频率响应分析仪电连接，所述电压采集模块与所述燃料电池以及所述多通道频率响应分析仪均电连接；In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell diagnostic device, which includes: a sine wave generator, a disturbance load, a working load, a current acquisition module, a voltage acquisition module, and a multi-channel frequency response analyzer , the sine wave generator is electrically connected to the disturbance load, the disturbance load is electrically connected to a fuel cell and forms a closed loop, the working load is electrically connected to the fuel cell and forms a closed loop, and the current collection The module is electrically connected to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, and the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected to both the fuel cell and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer;
所述正弦波发生器用于输出预设定频率的正弦波信号至所述燃料电池；The sine wave generator is used to output a sine wave signal with a preset frequency to the fuel cell;
所述电流采集模块用于采集流经所述燃料电池的电流值，并将所述电流值传输至所述多通道频率响应分析仪，其中，所述电流值包括流经所述扰动负载的交流电流以及流经所述工作负载的直流电流；The current collection module is used to collect the current value flowing through the fuel cell, and transmit the current value to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, wherein the current value includes the AC flowing through the disturbance load current and direct current flowing through the workload;
所述电压采集模块用于采集所述燃料电池中预划分的多个区域的电压值，并将多个所述电压值传输至所述多通道频率响应分析仪；The voltage acquisition module is used to acquire the voltage values of multiple regions pre-divided in the fuel cell, and transmit the multiple voltage values to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer;
所述多通道频率响应分析仪用于依据所述电流值、多个所述电压值确定所述燃料电池每个区域的状态。The multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to determine the state of each region of the fuel cell according to the current value and multiple voltage values.
进一步地，所述多通道频率响应分析仪用于依据所述电流值、多个所述电压值生成多个尼奎斯特图，每个尼奎斯特图与一个区域相对应；Further, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to generate multiple Nyquist diagrams according to the current value and multiple voltage values, and each Nyquist diagram corresponds to an area;
所述多通道频率响应分析仪还用于每个所述尼奎斯特图确定所述燃料电池每个区域的欧姆电阻、电荷转移电阻、传质电阻、欧姆电阻平均值、电荷转移电阻平均值以及传质电阻平均值；The multi-channel frequency response analyzer is also used for each of the Nyquist plots to determine ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance, mass transfer resistance, average ohmic resistance, average charge transfer resistance for each region of the fuel cell and the average mass transfer resistance;
所述多通道频率响应分析仪还用于依据所述欧姆电阻、所述电荷转移电阻、所述传质电阻、所述欧姆电阻平均值、所述电荷转移电阻平均值以及所述传质电阻平均值确定所述燃料电池每个区域的状态。The multi-channel frequency response analyzer is also used for the ohmic resistance, the charge transfer resistance, the mass transfer resistance, the ohmic resistance average, the charge transfer resistance average, and the mass transfer resistance average value determines the state of each region of the fuel cell.
进一步地，所述多通道频率响应分析仪用于当所述欧姆电阻大于或等于所述欧姆电阻平均值的第一预设倍数时，确定所述区域的结构出现故障。Further, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to determine that the structure of the region is faulty when the ohmic resistance is greater than or equal to a first preset multiple of the average value of the ohmic resistance.
进一步地，所述多通道频率响应分析仪用于当所述电荷转移电阻大于或等于所述电荷转移电阻平均值的第二预设倍数时，确定所述区域的催化层出现故障。Further, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to determine that the catalytic layer in the region is faulty when the charge transfer resistance is greater than or equal to a second preset multiple of the average value of the charge transfer resistance.
进一步地，所述多通道频率响应分析仪用于当所述传质电阻大于或等于所述传质电阻平均值的第三预设倍数时，确定所述区域的膜电极或电堆分配出现故障。Further, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to determine that the membrane electrode or stack allocation in the region is faulty when the mass transfer resistance is greater than or equal to a third preset multiple of the average value of the mass transfer resistance .
进一步地，所述正弦波发生器集成于所述扰动负载。Further, the sine wave generator is integrated with the disturbance load.
进一步地，所述电流采集模块串联于所述扰动负载与所述工作负载的连接点与所述燃料电池之间。Further, the current acquisition module is connected in series between the connection point of the disturbance load and the working load and the fuel cell.
进一步地，所述电流采集模块包括第一电流采集模块以及第二电流采集模块，所述第一电流采集模块串联于所述第一正弦波发生器与所述燃料电池之间，所述第二电流采集模块串联于所述第二正弦波发生器与所述燃料电池之间；Further, the current collection module includes a first current collection module and a second current collection module, the first current collection module is connected in series between the first sine wave generator and the fuel cell, and the second A current collection module is connected in series between the second sine wave generator and the fuel cell;
所述第一电流采集模块用于采集流经所述燃料电池的直流电流；The first current collection module is used to collect the direct current flowing through the fuel cell;
所述第二电流采集模块用于采集流经所述燃料电池的交流电流。The second current collection module is used to collect the AC current flowing through the fuel cell.
进一步地，所述电压采集模块集成于所述多通道频率响应分析仪。Further, the voltage acquisition module is integrated into the multi-channel frequency response analyzer.
第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种燃料电池诊断方法，应用于一燃料电池诊断装置，所述燃料电池诊断装置包括：正弦波发生器、扰动负载、工作负载、电流采集模块、电压采集模块以及多通道频率响应分析仪，所述正弦波发生器与所述扰动负载电连接，所述扰动负载与一燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，所述工作负载与所述燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，所述电流采集模块与所述多通道频率响应分析仪电连接，所述电压采集模块与所述燃料电池以及所述多通道频率响应分析仪均电连接，所述燃料电池诊断方法包括：In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a fuel cell diagnostic method, which is applied to a fuel cell diagnostic device, and the fuel cell diagnostic device includes: a sine wave generator, a disturbance load, a working load, a current acquisition module, a voltage An acquisition module and a multi-channel frequency response analyzer, the sine wave generator is electrically connected to the disturbance load, the disturbance load is electrically connected to a fuel cell and forms a closed loop, and the working load is electrically connected to the fuel cell And form a closed loop, the current acquisition module is electrically connected to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected to the fuel cell and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, and the fuel cell diagnosis Methods include:
利用所述正弦波发生器输出预设定频率的正弦波信号至所述燃料电池；using the sine wave generator to output a sine wave signal with a preset frequency to the fuel cell;
利用所述电流采集模块采集流经所述燃料电池的电流值，并将所述电流值传输至所述多通道频率响应分析仪，其中，所述电流值包括流经所述扰动负载的交流电流以及流经所述工作负载的直流电流；Using the current acquisition module to acquire the current value flowing through the fuel cell, and transmitting the current value to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, wherein the current value includes the AC current flowing through the disturbance load and a DC current flowing through said workload;
利用所述电压采集模块采集所述燃料电池中预划分的多个区域的电压值，并将多个所述电压值传输至所述多通道频率响应分析仪；Using the voltage acquisition module to acquire voltage values of multiple regions pre-divided in the fuel cell, and transmitting the multiple voltage values to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer;
利用所述多通道频率响应分析仪依据所述电流值、多个所述电压值确定所述燃料电池每个区域的状态。Using the multi-channel frequency response analyzer to determine the state of each region of the fuel cell according to the current value and multiple voltage values.
本发明实施例提供的燃料电池诊断装置及方法，该装置通过将正弦波发生器与扰动负载电连接，扰动负载与一燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，工作负载与燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，电流采集模块与多通道频率响应分析仪电连接，电压采集模块与燃料电池以及多通道频率响应分析仪均电连接，并利用多通道频率响应分析仪依据电流采集模块采集并传输的电流值、压采集模块采集并传输的燃料电池中预划分的多个区域的电压值确定燃料电池每个区域的状态；由于无需与标定样或基准样特性进行比对，仅通过将燃料电池的不同区域进行比对，便能在判断燃料电池是否存在故障的同时，还能得知燃料电池中出现故障的具体区域，不仅简化了诊断燃料电池性能的过程，还使得诊断功能更加强大、全面。The fuel cell diagnostic device and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the device is electrically connected to a sine wave generator and a disturbance load, the disturbance load is electrically connected to a fuel cell to form a closed loop, and the working load is electrically connected to the fuel cell to form a closed circuit loop, the current acquisition module is electrically connected to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected to the fuel cell and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to collect and transmit the current value according to the current acquisition module , the voltage value of the pre-divided multiple regions in the fuel cell collected and transmitted by the voltage acquisition module determines the state of each region of the fuel cell; since there is no need to compare with the characteristics of the calibration sample or reference sample, only the different regions of the fuel cell By comparing, it is possible to determine whether there is a fault in the fuel cell and at the same time know the specific area where the fault occurs in the fuel cell, which not only simplifies the process of diagnosing the performance of the fuel cell, but also makes the diagnostic function more powerful and comprehensive.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments will be described in detail below together with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and thus It should be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1示出了本发明实施例提供的燃料电池诊断装置的电路图。Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a fuel cell diagnostic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2示出了处于低电流密度状态下的燃料电池的等效电路图。FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a fuel cell in a low current density state.
图3示出了处于高电流密度状态下的燃料电池的等效电路图。Fig. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a fuel cell in a state of high current density.
图4示出了本发明实施例中的尼奎斯特图。Fig. 4 shows a Nyquist plot in an embodiment of the present invention.
图5示出了本发明实施例提供的电池诊断方法的流程图。Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of a battery diagnosis method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图标：100-燃料电池诊断装置；110-正弦波发生器；120-扰动负载；130-工作负载；140-电流采集模块；150-电压采集模块；160-多通道频率响应分析仪；200-燃料电池。Icons: 100-fuel cell diagnostic device; 110-sine wave generator; 120-disturbance load; 130-working load; 140-current acquisition module; 150-voltage acquisition module; 160-multi-channel frequency response analyzer; 200-fuel Battery.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish descriptions, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
第一实施例first embodiment
本发明实施例提供了一种燃料电池诊断装置100，用于诊断燃料电池200是否存在故障。请参阅图1，为本发明实施例提供的燃料电池诊断装置100的电路图。燃料电池诊断装置100包括：正弦波发生器110、扰动负载120、工作负载130、电流采集模块140、电压采集模块150以及多通道频率响应分析仪160。其中，正弦波发生器110与扰动负载120电连接，扰动负载120与一燃料电池200电连接并形成闭合回路，工作负载130与燃料电池200电连接并形成闭合回路，电流采集模块140与多通道频率响应分析仪160电连接，电压采集模块150与燃料电池200以及多通道频率响应分析仪160均电连接。An embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell diagnostic device 100 for diagnosing whether a fuel cell 200 is faulty. Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a circuit diagram of a fuel cell diagnostic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell diagnostic device 100 includes: a sine wave generator 110 , a disturbance load 120 , a working load 130 , a current acquisition module 140 , a voltage acquisition module 150 and a multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 . Wherein, the sine wave generator 110 is electrically connected with the disturbance load 120, the disturbance load 120 is electrically connected with a fuel cell 200 and forms a closed loop, the working load 130 is electrically connected with the fuel cell 200 and forms a closed loop, the current acquisition module 140 and the multi-channel The frequency response analyzer 160 is electrically connected, and the voltage acquisition module 150 is electrically connected to the fuel cell 200 and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 .
正弦波发生器110用于输出预设定频率的正弦波信号至所述燃料电池200，并与扰动负载120一起配合，为燃料电池200叠加交流电流信号。The sine wave generator 110 is used to output a sine wave signal with a preset frequency to the fuel cell 200 , and cooperate with the disturbance load 120 to superimpose an AC current signal for the fuel cell 200 .
在一种优选的实施例中，可将正弦波发生器110集成于扰动负载120。即扰动负载120本身便具备输出预设定频率的正弦波信号至所述燃料电池200的功能。In a preferred embodiment, the sine wave generator 110 can be integrated with the disturbance load 120 . That is, the disturbance load 120 itself has the function of outputting a sine wave signal with a preset frequency to the fuel cell 200 .
此外，需要说明的是，正弦波发生器110的频率发生范围为0.01～10kHz，即正弦波发生器110可以输出频率在0.01～10kHz内的正弦波信号。In addition, it should be noted that the frequency generation range of the sine wave generator 110 is 0.01-10 kHz, that is, the sine-wave generator 110 can output a sine wave signal with a frequency within 0.01-10 kHz.
还需要说明的是，正弦波发生器110可按照预设的方式输出正弦波信号，该预设的方式包括但不仅限于以下三种：It should also be noted that the sine wave generator 110 can output the sine wave signal in a preset manner, which includes but not limited to the following three:
第一种，全频扫描。当不能得知燃料电池200的大致性能或是故障时，通过全频扫描的方式，依次从高至低或是从低至高按序改变输出的正弦波信号的频率，例如，可以按照10kHz、9kHz、8kHz……1kHz、900Hz……100Hz、90Hz……10Hz、……0.01Hz的方式依次输出正弦波信号。The first one is full-frequency scanning. When the general performance or fault of the fuel cell 200 cannot be known, the frequency of the output sine wave signal can be changed sequentially from high to low or from low to high in sequence through full-frequency scanning, for example, according to 10kHz, 9kHz , 8kHz...1kHz, 900Hz...100Hz, 90Hz...10Hz,...0.01Hz in order to output sine wave signals.
第二种：分段扫描。即对燃料电池200进行低频、中频、高频扫描。The second type: Segmented scanning. That is, low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency scans are performed on the fuel cell 200 .
第三种：恒频扫描。当只需要得知燃料电池200具体是结构、催化层还是膜电极出现故障时，从而对燃料电池200输入相应频率的正弦波信号。例如，主要诊断欧姆电阻时，可以恒定高频扫描，例如设定恒定频率2kHz。The third type: constant frequency scanning. When it is only necessary to know whether the fuel cell 200 is faulty in the structure, the catalytic layer or the membrane electrode, a sine wave signal of a corresponding frequency is input to the fuel cell 200 . For example, when mainly diagnosing ohmic resistance, you can scan at a constant high frequency, for example, set a constant frequency of 2kHz.
工作负载130与燃料电池200形成闭合回路时，有直流电流信号产生以供工作负载130正常工作。可以理解地，工作负载130与扰动负载120并联。When the working load 130 and the fuel cell 200 form a closed loop, a DC current signal is generated for the working load 130 to work normally. Understandably, the workload load 130 is connected in parallel with the disturbance load 120 .
电流采集模块140用于采集流经燃料电池200的电流值，并将电流值传输至多通道频率响应分析仪160。The current collection module 140 is used to collect the current value flowing through the fuel cell 200 and transmit the current value to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 .
可以理解地，电流值包括流经扰动负载120的交流电流以及流经工作负载130的直流电流。Understandably, the current value includes the AC current flowing through the disturbance load 120 and the DC current flowing through the working load 130 .
在一种优选的实施例中，电流采集模块140串联于扰动负载120与工作负载130的连接点与燃料电池200之间，从而电流采集模块140采集到的电流值便为流经扰动负载120的交流电流以及流经工作负载130的直流电流的和。In a preferred embodiment, the current collection module 140 is connected in series between the connection point of the disturbance load 120 and the working load 130 and the fuel cell 200, so that the current value collected by the current collection module 140 is the current value flowing through the disturbance load 120 The sum of the AC current and the DC current flowing through the workload 130 .
此外，需要说明的是，其中交流电流的振幅为直流电流的5％～10％。In addition, it should be noted that the amplitude of the alternating current is 5% to 10% of the direct current.
其中，电压采集模块150用于采集燃料电池200中预划分的多个区域的电压值，并将多个电压值传输至多通道频率响应分析仪160。Wherein, the voltage collection module 150 is used to collect voltage values of multiple regions pre-divided in the fuel cell 200 , and transmit the multiple voltage values to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 .
需要说明的是，预划分的区域可根据用户的具体需求而不同。具体地，用户可按照位置对燃料电池200进行划分，将燃料电池200均分为5个区，其中，1区、5区为边缘区，3如为中间区，2、4区为过渡区，当然，在其他实施例中，也可以将燃料电池200划分为其他数量的区域，在此不做具体限制；此外，用户还可以按照衰减特征对燃料电池200进行划分，从而依据电堆的实际运行情况，将燃料电池200划分为高性能区域、低性能区域以及性能居中区域。It should be noted that the pre-divided areas may be different according to the specific requirements of the user. Specifically, the user can divide the fuel cell 200 according to the location, and divide the fuel cell 200 into 5 areas, wherein, areas 1 and 5 are edge areas, area 3 is the middle area, areas 2 and 4 are transition areas, Of course, in other embodiments, the fuel cell 200 can also be divided into other number of areas, and no specific limitation is set here; in addition, the user can also divide the fuel cell 200 according to the attenuation characteristics, so that according to the actual operation of the stack According to the situation, the fuel cell 200 is divided into a high-performance area, a low-performance area, and an intermediate-performance area.
此外，还需要说明的是，燃料电池200包括多节电池，多节电池依次串联形成电堆。在进行区域划分时，用户可将电堆内所有的电池全部进行区域划分，使得每节电池均具备与其对应的区域；也可以从电堆中任意节选多节电池形成一个区域，在此不做具体限制。In addition, it should be noted that the fuel cell 200 includes multiple cells, and the multiple cells are connected in series to form a stack. When performing area division, the user can divide all the batteries in the battery stack into areas, so that each battery has its corresponding area; it is also possible to arbitrarily select multiple batteries from the battery stack to form an area, which will not be done here. Specific restrictions.
则可以理解地，采集到的每个电压值均是由多节电池串联而产生的压降值。通过采集每个区域内多节电池的电压值，可以将单节电池的影响缩小，从而避免传统技术中，由于采集单节电池的电压值带来的精度不足的问题；此外，也可以避免取样时某些特殊个例产生的影响，使得最终的测量结果更加精确。It can be understood that each collected voltage value is a voltage drop value generated by connecting multiple batteries in series. By collecting the voltage values of multiple batteries in each area, the influence of a single battery can be reduced, thereby avoiding the problem of insufficient accuracy caused by collecting the voltage value of a single battery in the traditional technology; in addition, sampling can also be avoided The influence of some special cases at the time makes the final measurement result more accurate.
多通道频率响应分析仪160用于依据电流值、多个电压值确定燃料电池200每个区域的状态。The multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 is used to determine the state of each region of the fuel cell 200 according to the current value and multiple voltage values.
具体地，多通道频率响应分析仪160用于依据电流值、多个电压值生成多个尼奎斯特图，每个尼奎斯特图与一个区域相对应。Specifically, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 is used to generate multiple Nyquist plots according to current values and multiple voltage values, and each Nyquist plot corresponds to a region.
需要说明的是，多通道频率响应分析仪160可依据电流值得知电流密度，并依据电流密度得出燃料电池200的等效电路图，从而生成多个尼奎斯特图。其中，处于低电流密度状态下的燃料电池200的等效电路图如图2所示，处于高电流密度状态下的燃料电池200的等效电路图如图3所示。其中，RΩ是欧姆阻抗(Ohmic losses)，Rct,A是阳极活化损失阻抗，Rct,C是阴极活化损失阻抗，Rmt是传质阻抗，阳极活化损失阻抗与阴极活化损失阻抗的和即为电荷转移电阻。It should be noted that the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 can know the current density according to the current value, and obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the fuel cell 200 according to the current density, thereby generating multiple Nyquist diagrams. Wherein, the equivalent circuit diagram of the fuel cell 200 in the state of low current density is shown in FIG. 2 , and the equivalent circuit diagram of the fuel cell 200 in the state of high current density is shown in FIG. 3 . Among them, R Ω is the ohmic resistance (Ohmic losses), R ct,A is the anode activation loss impedance, R ct,C is the cathode activation loss impedance, R mt is the mass transfer impedance, the sum of the anode activation loss impedance and the cathode activation loss impedance is the charge transfer resistance.
多通道频率响应分析仪160还用于每个尼奎斯特图确定燃料电池200每个区域的欧姆电阻、电荷转移电阻、传质电阻、欧姆电阻平均值、电荷转移电阻平均值以及传质电阻平均值。The multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 is also used for each Nyquist plot to determine the ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance, mass transfer resistance, ohmic resistance average, charge transfer resistance average, and mass transfer resistance for each region of the fuel cell 200 average value.
多通道频率响应分析仪160还用于依据欧姆电阻、电荷转移电阻、传质电阻、欧姆电阻平均值、电荷转移电阻平均值以及传质电阻平均值确定燃料电池200每个区域的状态。The multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 is also used to determine the status of each region of the fuel cell 200 in terms of ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance, mass transfer resistance, ohmic resistance average, charge transfer resistance average, and mass transfer resistance average.
需要说明的是，欧姆电阻平均值即为各区域的欧姆电阻的平均值，电荷转移电阻平均值即为各区域的电荷转移电阻的平均值，传质电阻平均值即为各区域的传质电阻的平均值。It should be noted that the average value of the ohmic resistance is the average value of the ohmic resistance of each area, the average value of the charge transfer resistance is the average value of the charge transfer resistance of each area, and the average value of the mass transfer resistance is the mass transfer resistance of each area average of.
具体地，多通道频率响应分析仪160用于当欧姆电阻大于或等于欧姆电阻平均值的第一预设倍数时，确定区域的结构出现故障；当电荷转移电阻大于或等于电荷转移电阻平均值的第二预设倍数时，确定区域的催化层出现故障；当传质电阻大于或等于传质电阻平均值的第三预设倍数时，确定区域的膜电极或电堆分配出现故障。Specifically, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 is used to determine that the structure of the region is faulty when the ohmic resistance is greater than or equal to a first preset multiple of the average value of the ohmic resistance; When the second preset multiple occurs, the catalyst layer in the determined area fails; when the mass transfer resistance is greater than or equal to the third preset multiple of the average value of the mass transfer resistance, the membrane electrode or cell stack allocation in the determined area fails.
此外，结构出现故障可以是指该区的结构设计存在问题，也可能是装配时存在问题；当电荷转移电阻大于或等于电荷转移电阻平均值的第二预设倍数时，则该区域的催化层存在衰减；当传质电阻大于或等于传质电阻平均值的第三预设倍数时，则该区(或节)膜电极亲疏水性发生变化或者膜电极内部界面出现问题或电堆分配存在问题。In addition, the failure of the structure may mean that there is a problem in the structural design of this region, or there may be a problem during assembly; when the charge transfer resistance is greater than or equal to the second preset multiple of the average value of the charge transfer resistance, the catalytic layer in this region There is attenuation; when the mass transfer resistance is greater than or equal to the third preset multiple of the average value of the mass transfer resistance, the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the membrane electrode in this area (or section) change or there is a problem with the internal interface of the membrane electrode or a problem with the stack distribution.
需要说明的是，第一预设倍数、第二预设倍数以及第三预设倍数均根据膜电极(Membrane Electrode Assemblies，MEA)的参数设计范围以及检测精度设置的。It should be noted that the first preset multiple, the second preset multiple and the third preset multiple are all set according to the parameter design range and detection accuracy of the membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assemblies, MEA).
还需要说明的是，上述判断结果，均为在膜电极初始质检合格的情况下得到的。It should also be noted that the above judgment results are all obtained when the initial quality inspection of the membrane electrode is qualified.
例如，一个燃料电池200由130节电堆依次串联组成，将该将130节电堆均匀分成5部分，1-26为Zone1，27-52为Zone2，53-84为Zone3，85-104为Zone4，105-130为Zone5，每区各取15节进行测试，Zone1取1-15节，Zone2取33-47节，Zone3取58-72节，Zone4取88-102节，Zone5取116-130节。For example, a fuel cell 200 is composed of 130 cell stacks in series, and the 130 cell stacks are evenly divided into 5 parts, 1-26 is Zone1, 27-52 is Zone2, 53-84 is Zone3, and 85-104 is Zone4 , 105-130 is Zone5, each zone takes 15 knots for testing, Zone1 takes 1-15 knots, Zone2 takes 33-47 knots, Zone3 takes 58-72 knots, Zone4 takes 88-102 knots, and Zone5 takes 116-130 knots .
其中，工作负载130设置直流电流输出为225.6A(电流密度对应800A/cm2，单池有效面积为282cm2)；正弦波发生器110频率范围为0.01～10kHz，交流电流振幅是5％*225.6A＝11.28A，采用全频扫描的方式。Among them, the working load 130 sets the DC current output to 225.6A (the current density corresponds to 800A/cm2, and the effective area of the single cell is 282cm2); the frequency range of the sine wave generator 110 is 0.01～10kHz, and the AC current amplitude is 5%*225.6A= 11.28A, using full-frequency scanning.
请参阅图4，为多通道频率响应分析仪160依据电流值、多个电压值生成的多个尼奎斯特图，且每个尼奎斯特图与一个区域相对应。再经多通道频率响应分析仪160计算获得欧姆电阻、电荷转移电阻、传质电阻、欧姆电阻平均值、电荷转移电阻平均值以及传质电阻平均值，其结果如表1所示。Please refer to FIG. 4 , which shows multiple Nyquist plots generated by the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 according to current values and multiple voltage values, and each Nyquist plot corresponds to a region. The ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance, mass transfer resistance, average value of ohmic resistance, average value of charge transfer resistance and average value of mass transfer resistance are obtained through calculation by the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160, and the results are shown in Table 1.
按膜电极的参数设计范围、装置检测精度，可以确定第一预设倍数为1+15％＝1.5，第二预设倍数为1+10％＝1.1，第三预设倍数为1+10％＝1.1。According to the parameter design range of the membrane electrode and the detection accuracy of the device, it can be determined that the first preset multiple is 1+15%=1.5, the second preset multiple is 1+10%=1.1, and the third preset multiple is 1+10% = 1.1.
表1阻抗值计算结果Table 1 Impedance value calculation results
分析获得Zone1区：Analyze and get Zone1:
Rct，A+Rct，C＞7.66×(1+10％)＝8.426；R ct, A + R ct, C >7.66×(1+10%)=8.426;
Rmt＞4.28×(1+10％)＝4.708； Rmt >4.28×(1+10%)=4.708;
获得Zone2区：Get Zone2:
Rct，A+Rct，C＞7.66×(1+10％)＝8.426；R ct, A + R ct, C >7.66×(1+10%)=8.426;
从而：Zone1区电荷转移电阻和传质电阻存在异常，可能原因为Zone1区催化层存在衰减，且该区传质电阻偏大，可能原因为电极亲疏水性发生变化或者膜电极内部界面出现问题或电堆分配存在问题；Zone2区电荷转移电阻存在异常，可能原因为Zone2区催化层存在衰减。总体比对评估，电堆的公用通道分配效果偏差为该燃料电池200均一性偏差的最主要原因。Therefore: the charge transfer resistance and mass transfer resistance in Zone1 are abnormal, the possible reason is that the catalytic layer in Zone1 is attenuated, and the mass transfer resistance in this area is too large, the possible reason is the change of electrode hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity or the internal interface of the membrane electrode. There is a problem with the heap allocation; the charge transfer resistance in Zone2 is abnormal, which may be due to the attenuation of the catalytic layer in Zone2. According to the overall comparison and evaluation, the deviation of the common channel distribution effect of the stack is the main reason for the deviation of the uniformity of the fuel cell 200 .
第二实施例second embodiment
本发明实施例还提供了一种燃料电池诊断装置100，需要说明的是，本发明实施例所提供的燃料电池诊断装置100，其基本原理及产生的技术效果和上述实施例相同，为简要描述，本实施例部分未提及之处，可参考上述的实施例中相应内容。The embodiment of the present invention also provides a fuel cell diagnostic device 100. It should be noted that the basic principles and technical effects of the fuel cell diagnostic device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiments, and are briefly described For parts not mentioned in this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the foregoing embodiments.
在本实施例中，电流采集模块140包括第一电流采集模块以及第二电流采集模块，第一电流采集模块串联于工作负载130与燃料电池200之间，第二电流采集模块串联于扰动负载120与燃料电池200之间，且第一电流采集模块、第二电流采集模块均与多通道频率响应分析仪160电连接。In this embodiment, the current collection module 140 includes a first current collection module and a second current collection module, the first current collection module is connected in series between the working load 130 and the fuel cell 200, and the second current collection module is connected in series with the disturbance load 120 Between the fuel cell 200 and the first current acquisition module and the second current acquisition module are electrically connected to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 .
其中，第一电流采集模块用于采集流经燃料电池200的直流电流；第二电流采集模块用于采集流经燃料电池200的交流电流，并分别将直流电流、交流电流传输至多通道频率响应分析仪160，多通道频率响应分析仪160将两者相加即可得到流经燃料电池200的电流值。Wherein, the first current collection module is used to collect the direct current flowing through the fuel cell 200; the second current collection module is used to collect the alternating current flowing through the fuel cell 200, and respectively transmit the direct current and the alternating current to the multi-channel frequency response analysis instrument 160 and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 add the two together to obtain the current value flowing through the fuel cell 200 .
在一种优选的实施例中，电流采集模块140也可不包括第二电流采集模块。由于交流电流的振幅为直流电流的5％～10％，因而多通道频率响应分析仪160通过第一电流采集模块采集到的直流电流以及直流电流与交流电流的比例关系，便可得到流经燃料电池200的电流值。In a preferred embodiment, the current collection module 140 may not include the second current collection module. Since the amplitude of the alternating current is 5% to 10% of the direct current, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 can obtain the direct current collected by the first current acquisition module and the proportional relationship between the direct current and the alternating current to obtain the The current value of the battery 200 .
此外，在本实施例中，电压采集模块150集成于多通道频率响应分析仪160，即多通道频率响应分析仪160本身便具备测量、采集电压的功能。In addition, in this embodiment, the voltage acquisition module 150 is integrated into the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 , that is, the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 itself has the function of measuring and collecting voltage.
第三实施例third embodiment
本发明实施例提供了一种燃料电池诊断方法，应用于电池诊断装置，用于诊断电池是否存在故障。请参阅图5，为本发明实施例提供的电池诊断方法的流程图。该燃料电池诊断方法包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a diagnostic method for a fuel cell, which is applied to a battery diagnostic device to diagnose whether there is a fault in the battery. Please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a flowchart of a battery diagnosis method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell diagnostic method includes:
步骤S501：利用正弦波发生器110输出预设定频率的正弦波信号至燃料电池200。Step S501 : Using the sine wave generator 110 to output a sine wave signal with a preset frequency to the fuel cell 200 .
步骤S502：利用电流采集模块140采集流经燃料电池200的电流值，并将电流值传输至多通道频率响应分析仪160。Step S502 : Use the current acquisition module 140 to collect the current value flowing through the fuel cell 200 , and transmit the current value to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 .
其中，电流值包括流经扰动负载120的交流电流以及流经工作负载130的直流电流。Wherein, the current value includes the AC current flowing through the disturbance load 120 and the DC current flowing through the working load 130 .
步骤S503：利用电压采集模块150采集燃料电池200中预划分的多个区域的电压值，并将多个电压值传输至多通道频率响应分析仪160。Step S503 : Use the voltage acquisition module 150 to collect voltage values of multiple pre-divided areas in the fuel cell 200 , and transmit the multiple voltage values to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 .
步骤S504：利用多通道频率响应分析仪160依据电流值、多个电压值确定燃料电池200每个区域的状态。Step S504: Using the multi-channel frequency response analyzer 160 to determine the state of each region of the fuel cell 200 according to the current value and multiple voltage values.
综上所述，本发明实施例提供的燃料电池诊断装置及方法，该装置通过将正弦波发生器与扰动负载电连接，扰动负载与一燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，工作负载与燃料电池电连接并形成闭合回路，电流采集模块与多通道频率响应分析仪电连接，电压采集模块与燃料电池以及多通道频率响应分析仪均电连接，并利用多通道频率响应分析仪依据电流采集模块采集并传输的电流值、压采集模块采集并传输的电池中预划分的多个区域的电压值确定电池每个区域的状态；由于无需与标定样或基准样特性进行比对，仅通过将电池的不同区域进行比对，便能在判断电池是否存在故障的同时，还能得知电池中出现故障的具体区域，不仅简化了诊断电池性能的过程，还使得诊断功能更加强大、全面。To sum up, the fuel cell diagnostic device and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the device electrically connects the sine wave generator to the disturbance load, the disturbance load is electrically connected to a fuel cell and forms a closed loop, and the working load and the fuel cell Electrically connected to form a closed loop, the current acquisition module is electrically connected to the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected to the fuel cell and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer, and the multi-channel frequency response analyzer is used to collect data according to the current acquisition module The current value and the voltage value of the pre-divided areas in the battery collected and transmitted by the voltage acquisition module determine the state of each area of the battery; since there is no need to compare with the characteristics of the calibration sample or reference sample, only by comparing the battery's By comparing different areas, it is possible to determine whether there is a fault in the battery and at the same time know the specific area where the fault occurred in the battery, which not only simplifies the process of diagnosing battery performance, but also makes the diagnostic function more powerful and comprehensive.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.
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