Background
The organic fertilizer comprises fertilizer formed by stacking and fermenting biomass such as animal excrement or plant remains, and dregs in the biogas digester can also be used as biological fertilizer after sterilization and deinsectization. The organic fertilizer generally contains much moisture after being subjected to the accumulated fermentation sterilization deinsectization treatment, so that the organic fertilizer needs to be dried.
The traditional low-cost method is to directly spread the biological fertilizer for airing, and the method has long drying time, uneven water content of drying and low efficiency, and can not adapt to large-scale production of the biological fertilizer gradually.
The dryer is widely used in the existing bio-fertilizer production line to dry bio-fertilizer, the drying speed of the dryer is high, the water content of materials is uniform, and the efficiency is high. But also has disadvantages: the moisture content of the bio-fertilizer is higher before the bio-fertilizer is put into the dryer, and a large amount of moisture is evaporated after the bio-fertilizer is put into the dryer, so that a lot of heat is taken away, and the resource waste is caused. Especially, the biological fertilizer in the shape of slurry has high water content and certain fluidity.
Meanwhile, in order to pursue drying speed, the existing drying equipment over emphasizes that drying is completed in one step, namely, all raw materials are put into drying equipment together for drying regardless of the moisture distribution condition of the materials, and the drying efficiency of the equipment is influenced by uneven moisture content of the materials.
In order to solve this problem, the moisture content of the bio-fertilizer needs to be reduced as much as possible before the bio-fertilizer is put into the dryer, and the less the moisture content, the higher the drying efficiency, and the less the heat loss due to evaporation.
Therefore, in order to improve the drying efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, a new organic fertilizer drying system is designed to become a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned deficiencies and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an organic fertilizer drying system, comprising:
the first material extruding device comprises a first cylinder, a first spiral feeding mechanism and a material tray, wherein the first spiral feeding mechanism is vertically arranged in the first cylinder, the material tray is covered at the lower part of the first cylinder and is relatively fixed with the first cylinder, the upper opening of the first cylinder is a material inlet, the material tray is provided with a horizontal circular bowl bottom and a circular bowl opening with a gradually reduced radius, the first cylinder is sleeved into the material tray from the bowl opening and extends downwards to the upper part of the bowl bottom, the diameters of the bowl bottom and the bowl opening are both larger than those of the first cylinder, so that a first gap for materials to pass through is formed between the first cylinder and the bowl bottom, a second gap for the materials to pass through is formed between the first cylinder and the bowl opening, the ratio of the width of the first gap to the diameter of the first cylinder is 1:10-15, and the ratio of the width of the second gap to the diameter of the first cylinder is 1:15-20, set up at least one through-hole that link up at the bottom of the bowl on the bowl end, the through-hole upper shield is equipped with an upwards bellied cone, the cone is hollow structure and bottom open, the bottom of cone is less than or equal to at the bottom of the bowl, be provided with a plurality of first filtration pores on the lateral wall of cone so that through-hole and the inside intercommunication of first drum, be provided with the water pipe at the bottom of the bowl and be connected with the cistern.
The first cylinder is vertically arranged, moist biological fertilizer is poured from the upper part, the biological fertilizer is pushed by the first spiral feeding mechanism to move downwards, and due to the closed propping of the lower material disc, the biological fertilizer is extruded, the internal water flows out, flows out from the first filtering hole on the side wall of the cone, passes through the through hole and finally flows into the reservoir; and the biological fertilizer passes through the first gap under the extrusion effect, is extruded out of the second gap and finally falls into the second material extrusion device. The structure effectively extrudes the material, so that part of water flows out of the interior of the material, and the material-liquid separation is realized. Especially, the slurry type material has better effect with certain fluidity.
The second material extruding device is arranged below the first material extruding device and comprises a second cylinder, a second spiral feeding mechanism and a conical funnel, wherein the second cylinder is horizontally arranged, the second spiral feeding mechanism is arranged in the second cylinder, and the conical funnel is sleeved at the second end of the second cylinder; the first end of the second cylinder is positioned below the first cylinder, a material receiving port is formed in the second cylinder and used for receiving materials falling from the first cylinder, the second spiral feeding mechanism extrudes and pushes the materials from the first end of the second cylinder to the second end, and a plurality of second filtering holes are formed in the wall of the second cylinder; the end with the large caliber of the conical funnel is fixedly sleeved with the second cylinder, the end with the small caliber extends outwards to form a discharge hole, and a plurality of third filter holes are further formed in the side wall of the conical funnel. The outer surface of the conical funnel is provided with a plurality of diversion trenches, the diversion trenches are spirally wound on the outer surface of the conical funnel, and the cross section of each diversion trench is semicircular.
In the material through first extrusion enters into the second drum, forward propelling movement under second spiral feeding mechanism's effect, because the second end of second drum is provided with conical funnel, the bore of funnel is littleer and more, has restriction or extruded effort to the material, therefore the material receives the extrusion once more, and moisture flows from the section of thick bamboo wall of second drum and the lateral wall of funnel, and remaining material receives the extrusion and derives from the discharge gate to it leads to the strip to be moulded. The device can extrude and dewater the material once more, improves dewatering efficiency, can mould the material type simultaneously for the shape of material is more regular even, and subsequent stoving of being convenient for also makes the stoving more even, raises the efficiency. The arrangement of the diversion trench enables the water filtered out from the filtering holes to be gathered in the diversion trench and then flow downwards in a downstream mode, and the water is prevented from being seeped back into the material again.
The drying device is arranged at the second end of the second cylinder and receives the materials at the discharge port, and comprises a rotary drum, a heating plate arranged in the rotary drum and drivers for driving the rotary drum and the heating plate to rotate independently; the cross section of the rotating drum is square, a plurality of meshes are arranged on the wall of the rotating drum, the heating plate is of a spiral structure and is arranged along the central shaft of the rotating drum, and the heating plate is provided with a heating coil to be electrified and heated; the first end of the rotary drum corresponds to the discharge hole to receive materials, and the second end of the rotary drum is communicated to the storage bin.
During the material that comes out from the discharge gate enters into the rotary drum, because the rotary drum is square structure, can constantly overturn the material when rotating, what the rotary drum was done simultaneously is the variable speed rotation, and when speed was very fast, the material bore great centrifugal force, does benefit to and throws away moisture, and when speed was slow, the material dropped helical structure's hot plate because gravity from the rotary drum inner wall on, hot plate itself carries out slow rotating and promotes the material to the second end, finally falls the feed bin. And when the rotary drum rotated fast, because the adhesion of centrifugal force material is at the rotary drum inner wall for the inside comparatively confined cavity that forms of rotary drum, the heat radiation gathering that the hot plate produced makes the temperature rise rapidly in the cavity, and the stoving of being convenient for has improved drying efficiency, reduces calorific loss.
Preferably, in the organic fertilizer drying system, the rotary drum is arranged horizontally or at an angle of 5-8 degrees with the horizontal plane. The horizontal arrangement can be that the rotary drum structure is more stable, and the slope setting can make the material remove toward the second end more easily.
Preferably, in the organic fertilizer drying system, the heating plate is formed by combining two layers of heat conduction metal plates, an interlayer is arranged between the two layers of heat conduction metal plates, the heating coil is arranged in the interlayer, and heat conduction silica gel is filled between the heating coil and the heat conduction metal plates.
Preferably, in the organic fertilizer drying system, the heating plate is obtained by screwing a strip plate into a spiral structure, and the width of the heating plate is two thirds of the width of the section of the drum. The long-strip flat plate is twisted into a spiral structure to form a spiral surface, so that the material can be pushed to advance, the contact area between the heating plate and the material can be increased, the heating plate and the inner wall of the rotary drum have a large space, the material is convenient to turn and drop, and the material is heated more uniformly.
Preferably, in the organic fertilizer drying system, the driver includes a first driving motor and a second driving motor, the first driving motor is disposed outside the drum and engaged with the drum through a gear, the second driving motor is disposed at any end of the heating plate and engaged with the heating plate through a gear, the first driving motor drives the drum to rotate at a variable speed, and the second driving motor drives the heating plate to rotate at a constant speed. The heating plate rotates at a constant speed to control the heating of the materials, and the materials can be centrifugally adhered to the inner wall of the rotary drum to avoid heat loss when rotating and rotate at a variable speed, so that the materials fall off from the inner wall to be stirred and heated uniformly.
Preferably, in the organic fertilizer drying system, the first filtering holes, the second filtering holes and the third filtering holes have the same aperture, and the mesh aperture is smaller than that of the first filtering holes. The water is convenient to filter out.
Preferably, in the organic fertilizer drying system, the discharge port is provided with a guide plate connected to the first end of the rotary drum, and the guide plate is obliquely inserted into the rotary drum and tangent to the interior of the rotary drum. The material can be rolled into a drum, which is round or granular.
Preferably, in the organic fertilizer drying system, the first screw feeding mechanism includes:
a rotating shaft; the spiral blade is wound on the rotating shaft and is tangent to the inside of the first cylinder so as to push materials; and the motor is engaged to one end of the rotating shaft to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
before the biological fertilizer is introduced into the dryer, the biological fertilizer is extruded for the second time to remove most of free water, so that excessive water is prevented from vaporizing and evaporating in the dryer to take away heat, and the loss of heat is reduced.
The first material extruding device and the second material extruding device have good extruding effects, and can extrude moisture of the materials and mold and form the materials.
The drying device can turn over the materials in time, so that the materials are heated more uniformly, and meanwhile, the heat loss is reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an organic fertilizer drying system, comprising:
the first material extruding device 1 comprises a first cylinder 2 which is vertically arranged, a first spiral feeding mechanism 3 which is arranged in the first cylinder, and a material tray 4 which is covered at the lower part of the first cylinder and is relatively fixed with the first cylinder, wherein the upper opening of the first cylinder 2 is a material inlet, materials are put into the material inlet, the first spiral feeding mechanism 3 pushes the materials downwards, the material tray 4 is provided with a horizontal round bowl bottom and a round bowl opening with a gradually reduced radius, the first cylinder 2 is sleeved into the material tray from the bowl opening and extends downwards to the upper part of the bowl bottom, the diameters of the bowl bottom and the bowl opening are both larger than the diameter of the first cylinder 2, so that a first gap 5 for the materials to pass through is formed between the first cylinder 2 and the bowl bottom, a second gap 6 for the materials to pass through is formed between the first cylinder and the bowl opening, the ratio of the width of the first gap 5 to the diameter of the first cylinder 2 is 1:10-15, the ratio of the width of the second gap 6 to the diameter of the first cylinder 2 is 1: 15-20. Because the effect of supporting of charging tray 4, the material receives reaction force, consequently receives the extrusion, when the extrusion force reaches certain degree, the material is extruded from first clearance 5, further extrudees from second clearance 6 again, and charging tray itself has the ability that the material held, and sets up two clearances and can further inject the extrusion capacity of material, has improved extruded dynamics. In order to discharge the extruded moisture inlet, at least one through hole 16 penetrating through the bowl bottom is formed in the bowl bottom, an upward convex cone 7 is covered on the through hole, the cone is of a hollow structure, the bottom of the cone is open, the bottom of the cone is smaller than or equal to the bowl bottom, a plurality of first filtering holes 17 are formed in the side wall of the cone so that the through hole 16 is communicated with the inside of the first cylinder 2, the extruded moisture can leak from the filtering holes in the side wall of the cone, then passes through the through hole and finally leaks from the bowl bottom, and a water pipe connected with a reservoir is arranged at the bowl bottom to collect the extruded moisture; simultaneously the shape structure of cone 7 can be divided the material toward both sides, does benefit to the first clearance of material direction, must notice that the bowl end can not be provided with the filtration pore, must set up the filtration pore on the lateral wall of cone.
The second material extruding device 8 is arranged below the first material extruding device 1, and the second material extruding device 8 comprises a second cylinder 9 arranged horizontally, a second spiral feeding mechanism 10 arranged in the second cylinder and a conical funnel 11 sleeved at the second end of the second cylinder; the first end of the second cylinder 9 is positioned below the first cylinder, a material receiving port is arranged on the second cylinder and used for receiving materials falling from the first cylinder 2, the second spiral feeding mechanism 10 extrudes and pushes the materials from the first end of the second cylinder 9 to the second end, and a plurality of second filtering holes are formed in the wall of the second cylinder, so that moisture extruded by the materials during pushing can be discharged from the second filtering holes as soon as possible; the large-caliber end of the conical funnel 11 is fixedly sleeved with the second cylinder 9, the small-caliber end extends outwards to form a discharge hole 12, and a plurality of third filter holes are further formed in the side wall of the conical funnel. The outer surface of conical funnel is provided with many guiding gutters, the guiding gutter spiral coils around the outer surface of conical funnel, and the guiding gutter is that the one end that stretches to the bore is little stretches from the big end in conical funnel aperture, stretches to near the discharge gate but does not stretch to the discharge gate, the cross section of guiding gutter is semi-circular.
A drying device 13 disposed at the second end of the second cylinder 9 and receiving the material from the discharge port 12, wherein the drying device 13 comprises a drum 14, a heating plate 15 disposed in the drum, and drivers for driving the drum 14 and the heating plate 15 to rotate independently; the rotary drum 14 is arranged horizontally or at an angle of 5-8 degrees with the horizontal plane; the cross section of the rotating drum 14 is square, a plurality of meshes for ventilation are arranged on the wall of the rotating drum 14, the heating plate 15 is of a spiral structure and is arranged along the central shaft of the rotating drum, and the heating plate is provided with a heating coil for electrifying and heating; the first end of the rotating cylinder 14 corresponds to the discharge port to receive the material, and the second end is communicated to a storage bin.
Wherein, the heating plate 15 is formed by two-layer heat conduction metal sheet combination, the intermediate layer has between the two-layer heat conduction metal sheet, heating coil sets up inside the intermediate layer, just heating coil with it has heat conduction silica gel to fill between the heat conduction metal sheet.
The heating plate 15 is obtained by screwing a long flat plate into a spiral structure, and the width of the heating plate is two thirds of the width of the section of the rotary drum.
Further, in order to improve the drying effect and efficiency, the driver comprises a first driving motor and a second driving motor, the first driving motor is arranged outside the rotary drum and is meshed with the rotary drum through a gear, the second driving motor is arranged at any one end of the heating plate and is meshed with the heating plate through a gear, the first driving motor drives the rotary drum to rotate at a variable speed, and the second driving motor drives the heating plate to rotate at a constant speed.
Furthermore, the first filtering hole, the second filtering hole and the third filtering hole have the same aperture, and the aperture of the mesh is smaller than that of the first filtering hole.
Further, the discharge hole is provided with a material guiding plate connected to a first end of the rotating drum 14, and the material guiding plate is obliquely inserted into the rotating drum 14 and is tangent to the inside of the rotating drum 14.
Further, the first screw feeding mechanism 3 includes: a rotating shaft; a spiral blade wound on the rotating shaft and tangent to the inside of the first cylinder; and the motor is engaged to one end of the rotating shaft to drive the rotating shaft to rotate. The second spiral feeding mechanism is consistent with the first spiral feeding mechanism.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.