CN108034074A - A kind of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108034074A CN108034074A CN201711254505.0A CN201711254505A CN108034074A CN 108034074 A CN108034074 A CN 108034074A CN 201711254505 A CN201711254505 A CN 201711254505A CN 108034074 A CN108034074 A CN 108034074A
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- inhibiting agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/009—Compounds containing, besides iron, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/006—Compounds containing, besides zinc, two ore more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent and preparation method thereof, belongs to anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent and its preparing technical field, more particularly to a kind of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent and preparation method thereof.It is big with anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent additive amount the purpose of the present invention is to solve existing Wood-plastic material, seriously affect the mechanical property of materials, the problems such as flame-retardant smoke inhibition efficiency is low.The present invention has following specific steps：1st, raw material is prepared, and 2, add deionized water, 3, reaction in reaction kettle under isoperibol, 4, room temperature cooling, 5, deionized water washing, 6, filter and drying；In step 1 with excessive boron source and source metal and source of ammonium preparation raw material；Reaction kettle of the liner for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is used in step 3；Step 4 the resulting product is washed repeatedly with deionized water to remove excessive boron source in step 5；Most this anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent is obtained through step 5 afterwards.The present invention has the advantages that purity and yield are high, good dispersion, flame-retardant smoke inhibition is efficient.
Description
Technical field
It is fire-retardant more particularly to a kind of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt the invention belongs to anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent and its preparing technical field
Smoke suppressant, and it is related to a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent.
Background technology
Wood plastic composite is that a kind of lignocellulosic material (WF) in the form of fiber, powder etc. is used as filling or strengthening material
Material, using thermoplastic as basis material, adds a variety of manufacturing process such as extruded each analog assistant, hot pressing, molding or injection and answers
Close and manufactured a kind of advanced composite material (ACM).Common thermoplastic matrix includes polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyphenyl
Ethene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) etc..
The wood plastic composite easy firing of fire protection flame retarding processing is not carried out, and combustion heat value is larger, while use PS and PVC
Substantial amounts of dense smoke and poison gas can be produced during the wood plastic composite burning of plastic substrate, therefore is sent out at a high speed in wood plastic composite
Exhibition, and its application is progressively extended to building doors and windows, interior decoration, furniture when the field higher to fire safety demands, carries
The flame-proof smoke-suppressing of high material becomes the inevitable requirement that the material further develops.
At present, in the research fire-retardant to wood plastic composite, researcher uses ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the swollen of representative more
Swollen flame-retardant system, as the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN101143952A discloses a kind of flame-proof smoke-inhibiting wood-plastic composite wood
Material, the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 102617915A disclose a kind of Anti-mildew halogen-free flame-retardant smoke-suppression wood and plastic composite
Material and preparation method thereof, the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 1011730709A discloses a kind of wood fibre-polychlorostyrene second
Alkene composite material and preparation method thereof, prepares halogen-free flame-retardant wood-plastic composite material, but suppression cigarette effects of the APP to material using APP
Fruit is poor, while its additive amount in the material is usually larger, and the manufacture cost for not only increasing material is more largely damaged
The mechanical performance of fire proofing is done harm to；In addition, anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent used in the prior art has stronger acid or alkalescence,
With certain corrosivity, there is certain adverse effect in preparation and use, especially when for being contacted with metal material
There is certain side effect to metallic material product when product is fire-retardant.
The content of the invention
It is big based on the fire retardant additive amount described in existing flame-retardant wood-plastic composite material technology, seriously affect Wood-plastic material machine
Tool performance, the shortcomings such as flame-retardant smoke inhibition efficiency is low, and provide a kind of dedicated anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent of Wood-plastic material --- metal boron phosphorus
Acid ammonium salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, and a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent.
The Typical Representative thing of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent of the present invention is (NH4)[ZnBP2O8], (NH4)16
[Zn16B8P24O96], NH4·M[BP2O8(OH)] (wherein M=Fe, Al, Sc, In, Ga) and NH4·(M)(H2O)2[BP2O8]·
H2O (wherein M=Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mg, Mn, Co, Ca, Cd).
The preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent of the present invention is combined new based on classical hydrothermal synthesis method
The characteristics of emerging boric acid fusion method is easy to introduce boron atom, respectively in excessive boron source (boric acid), source metal (metal oxide, gold
Belong to halide, metal oxyacid salts class, including metal sulfate, metal acetate salt, metal halate), source of ammonium ((NH4)2HPO4)
And a certain amount of deionized water generates under certain temperature and reaction time.
Preferably, raw material proportioning according to the molar ratio of metal M and element phosphor P is 1 in the boron source, source metal, source of ammonium:4
≤M:P≤1:1, M：P optimum mole ratios are 1:2.2.
Preferably, element B and element phosphor P molar ratios are 3:1≤B:P≤8:1, B with P optimum mole ratios be 5:1.
Preferably, deionized water and the molar ratio of element phosphor are 5:1≤H2O:P≤10:1, H2O is 8 with P optimum mole ratios:
1。
Preferably, boron source, source metal, source of ammonium and the deionized water of the above-mentioned certain mol ratio of precise is straight by its
Connect and be added in ptfe autoclave.
Preferably, reaction kettle is put into baking oven, temperature setting is 100 DEG C -220 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 180 DEG C.Constant temperature
Reaction cools down for 1-5 days after room temperature, optimum reacting time 3 days.
Preferably, washed repeatedly with deionized water for removing the unreacted boric acid that comes, gained sample is dry after filtering.
The advantages of present invention is relative to the prior art：
The metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent of the present invention is to wood fibre filler in wood plastic composite and plastics base
Body has good flame-proof smoke-suppressing, can be catalyzed to form fine and close carbon-coating heat insulation oxygen and prevent material internal from burning, and be pyrolyzed
Non-flammable compressive gas NH can be discharged in journey3Reach flame-retardant smoke inhibition purpose, while the metal boron phosphoric acid of the present invention to dilute fuel gas
Ammonium salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent has the advantages that additive amount is low, and flame-retardant smoke inhibition is efficient, while the type anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent soda acid is gentle,
Corrode relatively low.The metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent prepared using hydro-thermal combination boric acid fusion method method of the present invention
Crystallization can be carried out at relatively low temperatures, be conducive to improve the yield of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, together
When obtained product purity it is high, good dispersion, and being discharged in reaction process without acid-base waste fluid, consuming little energy.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached for the technical solution of the clearer explanation embodiment of the present invention
Figure is briefly described, it will be appreciated that the following drawings has only shown certain embodiments of the present invention next, therefore is not construed as
Restriction to scope, without creative efforts, can also be according to this for those of ordinary skill in the art
A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of X-ray diffractogram spectrum analysis signal of embodiment of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 2 is a kind of scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of embodiment of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent different amplification of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a kind of infrared spectrogram of embodiment of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent preparation method of the present invention.
Each several part implication is as follows in figure：S1 raw material preparation steps；S2 adds deionized water step；Reacted under S3 isoperibols
Reactions steps in kettle；S4 room temperature cooling steps；S5 deionized water washing steps；S6 is filtered and baking step.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, clear, complete description is carried out to the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention, it is clear that described embodiment is
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention to providing in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit claim below
The scope of the present invention of protection, but it is merely representative of the selected embodiment of the present invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this area
Those of ordinary skill's all other embodiments obtained on the premise of not making the creative labor, belong to guarantor of the present invention
The scope of shield.
Embodiment 1：A kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent has following specific steps：
1st, raw material is prepared, and 2, add deionized water, 3, reaction in reaction kettle under isoperibol, 4, room temperature cooling, 5, deionized water washing,
6th, filter and dry；In step 1 with excessive boron source and source metal and source of ammonium preparation raw material；It is poly- to use liner in step 3
The reaction kettle of tetrafluoroethene；Step 4 the resulting product is washed repeatedly with deionized water to remove excessive boron in step 5
Source；Most metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent is obtained through the suction filtration and the step of drying afterwards.
Present embodiment has the technical effect that：The gold prepared using hydro-thermal combination boric acid fusion method method of the present invention
Crystallization can be carried out at relatively low temperatures by belonging to boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, be conducive to improve metal boron ammonium phosphate
The yield of salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, while obtained product purity is high, good dispersion, and discharged in reaction process without acid-base waste fluid,
Consuming little energy；The metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent manufactured by this method to wood fibre in wood plastic composite and
Plastic substrate has good flame-proof smoke-suppressing, similar to the pore passage structure and bigger serface of molecular sieve, there is stronger absorption
And catalytic capability, it can be catalyzed to form fine and close carbon-coating heat insulation oxygen and prevent material internal from burning, and can discharge in pyrolytic process
Non-flammable compressive gas NH3 reaches flame-retardant smoke inhibition purpose, while the metal boron ammonium phosphate salt flame-retardant smoke inhibition of the present invention to dilute fuel gas
Agent has the advantages that additive amount is low, and flame-retardant smoke inhibition is efficient, while the type anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent soda acid is gentle, and corrosion is relatively low.
Embodiment 2：Difference lies in the boron source in the step 1 to be for present embodiment and embodiment 1
Boric acid；The source of ammonium is (NH4)2HPO4；The source metal is in metal oxide, metal halide and its salt or metal salt
It is one or more of.
Embodiment 3：Difference lies in metal member in the step 1 with embodiment 1 or 2 for present embodiment
The molar ratio of element and P elements is more than or equal to 1:4 and less than or equal to 1:1；The molar ratio of boron element and P elements is more than or equal to 3:1
And less than or equal to 8:1；Deionized water and the molar ratio of P elements are more than or equal to 5:1 and less than or equal to 10:1.
Embodiment 4：Difference lies in metallic element in the step 1 with embodiment 3 for present embodiment
Molar ratio with P elements is 1:2.2；The molar ratio of boron element and P elements is 5:1；The molar ratio of deionized water and P elements
For 8:1.
Embodiment 5：The area of present embodiment and any one embodiment in embodiment 1 to 4
It it is 100 DEG C~220 DEG C not in the temperature value range of the isoperibol in the step 3, the temperature value range passes through baking
Case is set, and the reaction time in the step 3 is 1~5 day.On this condition, particle diameter, crystal form and favorable dispersibility can be obtained
Metal boron ammonium phosphate salt product.
Embodiment 5：Present embodiment is with temperature of the embodiment 4 difference lies in the isoperibol
180 DEG C, the reaction time is 3 days.On this condition, reaction obtains product, and crystal particles are evenly distributed, and crystal form is more complete.
Embodiment 6：Metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent employs any one of embodiment 1 to 5
The preparation method of the metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent is made；The metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent is
(NH4)[ZnBP2O8], (NH4)16[Zn16B8P24O96], NH4·M[BP2O8(OH)] (wherein M=Fe, Al, Sc, In, Ga) and
NH4·(M)(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2One or more of groups in O (wherein M=Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mg, Mn, Co, Ca, Cd)
Close.
First embodiment
Please refer to Fig.1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of fire-retardant suppression of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt
The preparation method of fumicants, this method are precise 4.089g ZnCl first2, 8.716g (NH4)2HPO4, and 20.404g
H3BO3, then load weighted medicament is added in the stainless steel cauldron with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, then again to reaction
10ml deionized waters are added in kettle.Raw material proportioning is 1 according to the molar ratio of Zn and P:The molar ratio of 2.2, B and P is 5:1, H2O with
P molar ratios are 8:1；Reaction kettle is put into baking oven, oven temperature is arranged to 200 DEG C, and isothermal reaction cools down for 5 days after room temperature,
Then washed for removing unreacted excessive boric acid, filtered, drying, you can obtain metal boron ammonium phosphate repeatedly with deionized water
Salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent (NH4)[ZnBP2O8]。
Second embodiment
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, and this method is first
By 6.585g Zn (OAC)2·2H2O, 8.716g (NH4)2HPO4, and 20.404g H3BO3, band is added directly into after precise
Have in the stainless steel cauldron of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), then add 10ml deionized waters into kettle again；Raw material proportioning is according to Zn and P
Molar ratio be 1:The molar ratio of 2.2, B and P is 5:1, H2O is 8 with P molar ratios:1；Reaction kettle is put into baking oven, temperature is set
180 DEG C are set to, isothermal reaction cools down for 5 days after room temperature, is then washed repeatedly with deionized water for removing unreacted excess
Boric acid, filters, drying, you can obtain metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent (NH4)16[Zn16B8P24O96]。
3rd embodiment
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, and this method is first
Precise 3.802g FeCl2·4H2O, 8.716g (NH4)2HPO4, and 20.404g H3BO3, then connect and be added to poly-
In the stainless steel cauldron of tetrafluoroethene lining, 10ml deionized waters are then added into kettle again；Raw material proportioning is according to Zn's and P
Molar ratio is 1:The molar ratio of 2.2, B and P is 5:1, H2O is 8 with P molar ratios:1；Reaction kettle is put into baking oven, temperature setting
For 200 DEG C, isothermal reaction cools down for 5 days after room temperature, is then washed repeatedly with deionized water for removing unreacted excessive boron
Acid, filters, drying, you can obtain metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent NH4·FeⅢ[BP2O8(OH)]。
Fourth embodiment
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, and this method is first
Precise 6.099g MgCl2·6H2O, 8.716g (NH4)2HPO4, and 20.404g H3BO3, then connect and be added to poly-
In the stainless steel cauldron of tetrafluoroethene lining, 10ml deionized waters are then added into kettle again；Raw material proportioning is according to Zn's and P
Molar ratio is 1:The molar ratio of 2.2, B and P is 5:1, H2O is 8 with P molar ratios:1；Reaction kettle is put into baking oven, temperature setting
For 200 DEG C, isothermal reaction cools down for 5 days after room temperature, is then washed repeatedly with deionized water for removing unreacted excessive boron
Acid, filters, drying, you can obtain metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent NH4·Mg(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2O。
It should be appreciated that the present invention above-mentioned embodiment and embodiment only for illustration or explain this
The principle of invention, without being construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.In addition, right appended by the present invention
It is required that it is intended to fall into whole changes in scope and border or this scope and the equivalents on border
Change and modification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, it is characterised in that have：A steps, raw material are prepared, b
Step, add deionized water, reaction in reaction kettle under step c, isoperibol, Step d, room temperature cooling, step e, deionized water
Washing, f steps, suction filtration and drying；Prepared in a steps that raw material is prepared with excessive boron source and source metal and source of ammonium；Institute
It is the reaction kettle that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to state the reaction kettle under isoperibol in reaction kettle employed in the step c of reaction；E is walked
Step d the resulting product is washed repeatedly with deionized water to remove excessive boron source in rapid；Most afterwards through it is described suction filtration and
The f steps of drying obtain metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent.
A kind of 2. preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is boric acid to state the boron source in a steps.
A kind of 3. preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is (NH to state the source of ammonium in a steps4)2HPO4。
A kind of 4. preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
Source metal described in a steps is stated as the one or more in metal oxide, metal halide or metal oxyacid salts.
5. a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4,
It is characterized in that：The molar ratio of metallic element and P elements is more than or equal to 1 in the step a:4 and less than or equal to 1:1；Boron element
It is more than or equal to 3 with the molar ratio of P elements:1 and less than or equal to 8:1；Deionized water and the molar ratio of P elements are more than or equal to 5:1
And less than or equal to 10:1.
A kind of 6. preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is 1 to state the molar ratio of metallic element and P elements in step a:2.2；The molar ratio of boron element and P elements is 5:1；Deionized water
Molar ratio with P elements is 8:1.
7. a kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4,
It is characterized in that：The temperature value range of isoperibol is 100 DEG C~220 DEG C in the step c, and the temperature value range is led to
Cross baking oven to set, the reaction time in the step c is 1~5 day.
A kind of 8. preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Institute
The temperature for stating isoperibol in step c is 200 DEG C, and the reaction time is 3 days.
9. a kind of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent, it is characterised in that employ any one of claim 1 to 7
A kind of preparation method of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent is made.
A kind of 10. metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The metal boron
Ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent is (NH4)[ZnBP2O8], (NH4)16[Zn16B8P24O96], NH4·M[BP2O8(OH)] (wherein M=
Fe, Al, Sc, In or Ga) and NH4·(M)(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2O (wherein M=Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mg, Mn, Co, Ca or
Cd one or more of combinations in).
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| CN201711254505.0A CN108034074A (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2017-12-04 | A kind of metal boron ammonium phosphate salt anti-flaming smoke-inhibiting agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110182822A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-08-30 | 合肥学院 | A kind of borophosphate second-order non-linear optical materials preparation process |
| CN112108174A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-selectivity catalytic cracking catalyst |
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| CN110182822A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-08-30 | 合肥学院 | A kind of borophosphate second-order non-linear optical materials preparation process |
| CN110182822B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2022-06-14 | 合肥学院 | Preparation process of borophosphate second-order nonlinear optical material |
| CN112108174A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-selectivity catalytic cracking catalyst |
| CN112108174B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-05-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-selectivity catalytic cracking catalyst |
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