CN108034070A - A kind of separation method of waste plastic - Google Patents
A kind of separation method of waste plastic Download PDFInfo
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- CN108034070A CN108034070A CN201711254438.2A CN201711254438A CN108034070A CN 108034070 A CN108034070 A CN 108034070A CN 201711254438 A CN201711254438 A CN 201711254438A CN 108034070 A CN108034070 A CN 108034070A
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- plastic
- waste plastic
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- separation method
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of separated method of waste plastic, belong to technics of reclaim of plastic waste technical field.The present invention introduces hydrophilic radical using heterogeneous high-level oxidation technology in frosting, selectively changes the surface wettability of different plastics, and then realize the FLOTATION SEPARATION of mixed plastic.The present invention provides a kind of efficient technology for separation of waste plastics, and the technology adaptability to raw material is strong, separative efficiency is high, easy to operate, and technical support is provided for the separation and recovery of waste plastic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of separation method of waste and old mixed plastic, belong to technics of reclaim of plastic waste technical field.
Background technology
Plastics have in the life of the mankind and are more and more widely used as one of most common material.Plastic product
Use be mostly it is disposable, plastics industry develop rapidly and a large amount of consumption of plastics are so that the quantity of waste plastic is anxious
Increase severely and add.The conventional process mode of waste plastic not only causes the wasting of resources, and generate serious to burn and filling
Environmental pollution.Therefore, the recycling to waste plastic is highly valued in world wide.Technics of reclaim of plastic waste process is main
Including collecting, sorting and reprocessing three steps.Due to the difference of chemical incompatibility and physical characteristic, it is necessary to different modelings
Material is effectively separated.At present, the separation of plastics is to restrict the bottleneck of technics of reclaim of plastic waste process.
The isolation technics of waste plastic has hand-sorted, gravity treatment, flotation, electric separation and light choosing etc..The hand-sorted mistake of plastics
Journey labor intensity is big, working environment is severe, low separation efficiency.Gravity treatment, electric separation, light choosing are to mixed plastic similar in physical property
Separation has significant limitations.Flotation has good advantage to mixed plastic separation similar in physical property.Due to most of modelings
Material is native hydrophobic, it is necessary to which the change frosting wetability of selectivity could realize the FLOTATION SEPARATION of mixed plastic.Change
The method of frosting wetability mainly using wetting agent or is surface-treated, using the floatation process of wetting agent to original
Expect that adaptability is poor, and ability qualified discharge after the processing of flotation waste water needs, and it is stronger to use surface treatment then to have
Specific aim.Homogeneous high-level oxidation technology has Strong oxdiative ability, available for the modified and reinforced different frosting wettings of frosting
Sex differernce, but homogeneous advanced oxidation needs control aqueous solution pH to be acid, and need to add into aqueous solution a large amount of iron from
Son, a large amount of acid waste liquids containing iron ion of generation need to discharge after being handled, and processing step is complicated, cumbersome, and increases
Addition sheet.Present invention firstly provides surface modification is carried out to waste plastic using heterogeneous high-level oxidation technology, modified solution is
Aqueous solution containing a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, without regulating and controlling the acid-base property of reaction system, the aqueous environment of generation is friendly, can be direct
Discharge, waste plastic separation method of the invention is green environmental protection technique.By loading nano zero valence iron in frosting, in mistake
Advanced oxidation reaction occurs in oxidation aqueous solution of hydrogen to be modified frosting, strengthens different frosting wetting sex differernces,
And then realize the efficient flotation separation separation of waste and old mixed plastic.
The content of the invention
For waste plastic similar in physicochemical properties is carried out in the prior art separated method there are the defects of, this
The purpose of invention is to provide a kind of method that waste plastic efficiently separates, and this method is easy to operate, adaptability to raw material is strong, sorting
It is efficient.
The separation method of the waste plastic of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, crushes waste plastic using shear crusher, and shattering process adds water to crusher inside, leads to
Overshoot washing and sieving gets the plastic grain of appropriate particle size；
Step 2, by (A) boron hydrogen salt method or (B) plant extracts green syt method by plastic grain area load nanometer
Zero-valent Iron；
Step 3, is placed in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution progress advanced oxidation surface by the plastic grain for loading nano zero valence iron and changes
Property；
Step 4, will carry out flotation after the modified plastic grain cleaning in surface, realizes the separation of mixed plastic.
Specifically, shattering process adds water to crusher inside in step 1, can reduce crusher internal temperature；It is described useless
Old plastics include the different two or more waste plastic of molecular structure, waste plastic at least containing in molecular structure containing polar bond
Plastics and the plastics that polar bond is free of in molecular structure；The particle diameter of plastic grain is less than 8mm, further preferred particle diameter after broken
For account for numbers of particles the 80% and more than 80% of the plastic grain of 0.8~3mm.
Specifically, (A) boron hydrogen salt method is to the detailed process of plastic grain area load nano zero valence iron in step 2：Will
Plastic grain is placed in the aqueous solution containing ferrous ion, and sodium borohydride aqueous solution is then added dropwise into aqueous solution, addition
The stir speed (S.S.) of process is 50~200rpm, and time of repose is more than 5min after addition, filters out and is loaded with nano zero valence iron
Plastic grain.
Specifically, in step 2 (B) plant extracts green syt method to plastic grain area load nano zero valence iron
Detailed process is：Heated at constant temperature passes through pumping to 75~95 DEG C of 40~90min of holding after vegetable material is mixed with ethanol water
Filter or centrifugation obtain plant extraction liquid, after plastic grain is mixed with plant extraction liquid, by the aqueous solution containing ferrous ion by
Drop is added in plant extraction liquid, and the volume ratio of plant extraction liquid and ferrous ions soln is 1:1~5:1, adding procedure is stirred
It is 100~500rpm to mix speed, and mixing time is 20~150min, then filters out the plastics for being loaded with nano zero valence iron
Grain；The vegetable material includes polyphenol or caffeine；The ethanol water mass concentration is 5~50%.
Specifically, the aqueous solution containing ferrous ion is selected from solution of ferrous chloride, ferrous nitrate solution, ferrous sulfate
At least one of solution, iron liquor.
Specifically, the mass ratio that the plastic grain after nano zero valence iron and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are loaded in step 3 is 1:
1~1:10, more preferably：1:2~1:5, the volumetric concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1%~30%, more preferably 2%~
10%；Stir speed (S.S.) is 100~600rpm, and mixing time is 1~20min；
Specifically, foaming agent is added in step 4 during flotation, the foaming agent is selected from terpenic oil, camphorated oil, methyl tert-butyl
At least one of base methanol, fatty alcohol, the frother dosages are 0.5~60g/t plastics, are preferably 5~40g/t plastics；
Flotation time is 1~10min, is preferably 2~5min.
The advantage of the invention is that：
Present invention firstly provides nano zero valence iron is loaded in frosting, the plastic grain and peroxide of nano zero valence iron are loaded
Change aqueous solution of hydrogen and advanced oxidation reaction occurs, optionally introduce hydrophilic radical in frosting, reinforcing contains polar bond plastics
With the moistened surface sex differernce without polar bond plastics, effective FLOTATION SEPARATION of waste and old mixed plastic is realized, reaching the rate of recovery is
99.6%, purity is 99.5% advantageous effects.
To overcome the aqueous solution environmental pollution degree being modified in the prior art to frosting big, it is impossible to qualified discharge
Defect, the present invention is surface-treated waste plastic by heterogeneous high-level oxidation technology, using environmental-friendly peroxidating
Aqueous solution of hydrogen, can directly discharge the solution of generation, effectively solve the problems, such as the liquid waste processing that frosting is modified.Meanwhile the present invention
Technological operation it is simple, used heterogeneous high-level oxidation technology need not carry out the adjustment solution needed for homogeneous oxidizing technology
PH is tedious steps that are acid, adding a large amount of iron ions.In addition, the present invention prepares nanometer using plant extracts green syt method
Zeroth order iron process is simple and environmentally-friendly.
The waste and old mixed plastic separation method of the present invention, adaptability to raw material is strong, technological operation is simple, environmental-friendly, recycling
Rate and purity are high, have good feasibility.
Embodiment
The present invention is further explained by following embodiments, embodiment is not construed as the model to the present invention in any way
Enclose and force limitation.On the contrary, being expressly understood that, those skilled in the art can be taken to be seen after description herein is read
Various other embodiments, modification and its equivalent gone out is without departing from the spirit of the present invention and/or the model of appended claims
Enclose.
Embodiment 1
Polystyrene and acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene waste plastic are crushed, take the modeling of 0.8~3.0mm particle diameters
Expect particle 200g, be added in the ferrous chloride aqueous solution of 200mL 0.1mol/L, stir speed (S.S.) 50rpm, then adds dropwise
Add the sodium borohydride aqueous solution of 200mL0.05mol/L, mixing time 60min, then stands 20min, filters out and is loaded with receiving
The plastic grain of rice Zero-valent Iron, is added in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution that 300mL concentration is 4%, uniform stirring 5min, filters out
Plastic grain, carries out flotation, flotation conditions are after cleaning：Terpenic oil 10g/t plastics, flotation 3min, after separation polystyrene and
The purity of acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene is respectively 96.8% and 99.6%, and the rate of recovery is respectively 99.5% and 97.4%.
Embodiment 2
Polystyrene and makrolon waste plastic are crushed, the plastic grain 180g less than 2.0mm is taken, is added to
In the ferrous nitrate aqueous solution of 400mL 0.05mol/L, stir speed (S.S.) 200rpm, is then added dropwise 300mL 0.03mol/
The sodium borohydride aqueous solution of L, mixing time 90min, then stands 10min, filters out the plastics for being loaded with nano zero valence iron
Particle, is added in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution that 400mL concentration is 2%, and uniform stirring 2min, filters out plastic grain, cleaning
After carry out flotation, flotation conditions are：Camphorated oil 40g/t plastics, flotation 2min, the purity of polystyrene and makrolon after separation
Respectively 98.8% and 96.4%, the rate of recovery is respectively 97.9% and 98.5%.
Embodiment 3
100g pomelo peels are added in 200mL ethanol waters (concentration 50%) and are heated to 90 DEG C of holding 40min, are led to
Cross centrifugation and obtain pomelo peel extracting solution.Polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride waste plastic are crushed, take the modeling of 0.5~2.0mm
Expect particle 150g, be added in 150mL pomelo peel extracting solutions, stir speed (S.S.) 500rpm is molten by the ferrous sulfate of 0.1mol/L
Liquid is added dropwise in pomelo peel extracting solution, then filters out the plastic grain for being loaded with nano zero valence iron, it is dense to be added to 300mL
Spend in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution for 20%, uniform stirring 4min, filter out plastic grain, flotation, flotation bar are carried out after cleaning
Part is：Fatty alcohol 10g/t plastics, flotation 8min, the purity of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is respectively 95.2% He after separation
97.8%, the rate of recovery is respectively 98.1% and 94.3%.
Embodiment 4
80g tealeaves is added in 300mL ethanol waters (concentration 5%) be heated to 75 DEG C holding 90min, by from
Gains in depth of comprehension are to tea extract.Makrolon and polyvinyl chloride waste plastic are crushed, take the plastic grain less than 1.5mm
200g, is added in 200mL tea extracts, and stir speed (S.S.) 200rpm, the ferrous nitrate solution of 0.5mol/L is added dropwise
It is added in tea extract, then filters out the plastic grain for being loaded with nano zero valence iron, it is 5% to be added to 500mL concentration
In aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, uniform stirring 5min, filters out plastic grain, carries out flotation after cleaning, flotation conditions are：Methyl is different
Butyl carbinol 40g/t plastics, flotation 2min, the purity of makrolon and polyvinyl chloride is respectively 99.3% He after separation
98.2%, the rate of recovery is respectively 98.7% and 99.4%.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of separation method of waste plastic, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, crushes waste plastic using shear crusher, and shattering process adds water to crusher inside, passes through punching
Washing and sieving gets the plastic grain of appropriate particle size；
Step 2, by (A) boron hydrogen salt method or (B) plant extracts green syt method by plastic grain area load nano zero-valence
Iron；
Step 3, is placed in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution by the plastic grain for loading nano zero valence iron, is stirred, carry out advanced oxidation
Surface is modified；
Step 4, will carry out flotation after the modified plastic grain cleaning in surface, realizes the separation of mixed plastic.
A kind of 2. separation method of waste plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：(A) boron hydrogen salt method is to plastics
Particle surface load nano zero valence iron detailed process be：Plastic grain is placed in the aqueous solution containing ferrous ion, then
Sodium borohydride aqueous solution is added dropwise into aqueous solution and stirs, stir speed (S.S.) is 50~200rpm, then stands more than 5min,
Filter out the plastic grain for being loaded with nano zero valence iron.
A kind of 3. separation method of waste plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：(B) plant extracts green
Synthetic method is to the detailed process of plastic grain area load nano zero valence iron：It is permanent after vegetable material is mixed with ethanol water
Temperature is heated to 75~95 DEG C of 40~90min of holding, obtains plant extraction liquid by filtering or centrifuging, plastic grain and plant are carried
After taking liquid to mix, the aqueous solution containing ferrous ion is added dropwise to plant extraction liquid and is stirred, then filters out and is loaded with
The plastic grain of nano zero valence iron；Wherein the volume ratio of plant extraction liquid and ferrous ions soln is 1:1~5:1, stir speed (S.S.)
For 100~500rpm, mixing time is 20~150min.
A kind of 4. separation method of waste plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The waste plastic includes dividing
The different two or more waste plastic of minor structure, waste plastic is at least containing the plastics in molecular structure containing polar bond and molecule knot
The plastics of polar bond are free of in structure.
A kind of 5. separation method of waste plastic according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：It is described containing ferrous iron from
Son aqueous solution in solution of ferrous chloride, ferrous nitrate solution, ferrous sulfate solution, iron liquor at least one
Kind.
A kind of 6. separation method of waste plastic according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The vegetable material includes more
Phenol or caffeine, the ethanol water mass concentration are 5~50%.
A kind of 7. separation method of waste plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：After loading nano zero valence iron
The mass ratio of plastic grain and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 1:1~1:10, the volumetric concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 1%
~30%；Stir speed (S.S.) is 100~600rpm, and mixing time is 1~20min.
A kind of 8. separation method of waste plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Foaming agent is added during flotation,
The foaming agent is selected from least one of terpenic oil, camphorated oil, methyl isobutyl carbinol, fatty alcohol, the frother dosages
For 0.5~60g/t plastics.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711254438.2A CN108034070B (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Waste plastic separation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711254438.2A CN108034070B (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Waste plastic separation method |
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| CN108034070A true CN108034070A (en) | 2018-05-15 |
| CN108034070B CN108034070B (en) | 2021-03-23 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108748793A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-06 | 郑州大学 | A kind of separation method of mixed plastic |
| CN110421744A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-08 | 中南大学 | A method of based on carbonic acid Calcium preconditioning from waste and old mixed plastic FLOTATION SEPARATION polyvinyl chloride |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104589545A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-06 | 中南大学 | Method of separating chlorine-containing plastics from waste mixed plastics |
| CN106180755A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-07 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of method utilizing Herba Eichhorniae extracting solution green syt nano zero valence iron and application |
-
2017
- 2017-12-01 CN CN201711254438.2A patent/CN108034070B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104589545A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-06 | 中南大学 | Method of separating chlorine-containing plastics from waste mixed plastics |
| CN106180755A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-07 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of method utilizing Herba Eichhorniae extracting solution green syt nano zero valence iron and application |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| WANG, J., & WANG, H.: "Fenton treatment for flotation separation of polyvinyl chloride from plastic mixtures.", 《SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108748793A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-06 | 郑州大学 | A kind of separation method of mixed plastic |
| CN110421744A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-08 | 中南大学 | A method of based on carbonic acid Calcium preconditioning from waste and old mixed plastic FLOTATION SEPARATION polyvinyl chloride |
| CN110421744B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-10-08 | 中南大学 | Method for flotation separation of polyvinyl chloride from waste mixed plastic based on calcium carbonate pretreatment |
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| CN108034070B (en) | 2021-03-23 |
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