CN108033870B - 一种樟巢螟性信息素新组分、诱芯及应用 - Google Patents
一种樟巢螟性信息素新组分、诱芯及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种樟巢螟性信息素新组分、诱芯及应用,属于农林害虫防治领域。该组合物包括顺11‑十六碳烯乙酸酯和顺11‑十六碳烯醇外,还包括顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15‑二十三碳五烯。本发明的缓释载体可以是采用橡胶塞或PVC毛细管制成的诱芯。本发明的樟巢螟性信息素组合物及其配制的诱芯,结合诱捕器能有效诱杀大量的樟巢螟雄蛾,应用于樟树樟巢螟虫情测报和绿色防控,可避免或减少施用化学农药,从而减少污染、保护环境,显著提高经济、社会和生态综合效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农林害虫防治领域,具体涉及一种樟巢螟性信息素新组分、诱芯及应用。
背景技术
樟巢螟Orthaga achatina Butler,属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),螟蛾科(Pyralidae),又名樟丛螟、樟叶瘤丛螟,是一种重要的园林植物害虫,主要危害香樟(Cinnamomum camphora L.)、山苍子(Litsea cubeba)、山胡椒(Lindera glauca)等植物。我国主要分布在江苏、浙江、上海、福建、江西、湖南等地区。
香樟树,是樟科樟属的常绿乔木,原产于中国南部各省、越南、日本等地。因其树形饱满、树势高大、枝叶清香、四季常绿,是一种重要的园林和道路绿化的优良树种,在江苏、浙江、上海、湖南、四川等地广泛用作庭荫树、行道树、及风景林等。目前,中国有23个城市把香樟树定为市树。但是近年来,江苏、浙江、江西等地相继爆发樟巢螟,给当地城市环境建设造成很大影响,已成为当前主要的香樟树害虫之一。樟巢螟对香樟的危害主要是在幼虫期,1~2龄幼虫主要取食叶片,3龄之后吐丝结巢,并且在巢内取食叶片和嫩梢。严重时整株叶片被取食光,树冠上到处可见枯黄色的鸟巢状虫苞,不仅严重影响樟树的正常生长,而且破坏绿化效果和城市景观。
目前,防治樟巢螟还是以化学防治方法为主。化学防治一般是在幼虫发生期喷洒敌敌畏、敌百虫、氧乐果之类的有机磷杀虫剂和高效氯氰菊酷等菊酷类杀虫剂。但这类药剂毒性强、药效期短,污染环境严重,喷洒后漂浮在空中的药剂雾滴对道路两旁的居民和行人造成了潜在的威胁。因此,针对樟巢螟的发生和危害特点,急需开发和应用新的高效绿色防治技术。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种樟巢螟性信息素新组分,该性信息素新组分为顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种樟巢螟性信息素组合物,所述樟巢螟性信息素组合物的组分包括顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯,顺11-十六碳烯醇和顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是提供一种樟巢螟性信息素诱芯,可大面积应用于种群测报和雄蛾诱杀,对于樟巢螟的测报和绿色防控具有重要意义。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题,其特征在于:一种樟巢螟性信息素新组分,该樟巢螟性信息素新组分为顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯,其化学结构式如下:
本发明解决上述第二个技术问题,其特征在于:.一种樟巢螟性信息素组合物,该组合物由顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯、顺11-十六碳烯醇和顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯组成。在一些优选的技术方案中:顺11-十六碳烯醇0.001~0.1(wt)%;顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯0.01~50(wt)%;其余为顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯。
本发明中顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯的化学结构式如下:
顺11-十六碳烯醇的化学结构式如下:
顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯的化学结构式如下:
本发明解决上述第三个技术问题,其特征在于:一种樟巢螟性信息素诱芯,包括具有缓释功能的载体和置于载体内的樟巢螟性信息素组合物的溶液,所述樟巢螟性信息素组合物包括顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯,顺11-十六碳烯醇,顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯。其中:顺11-十六碳烯醇0.001~0.1(wt)%;顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯0.01~50(wt)%;其他的主要是顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯。
所述缓释载体是采用橡胶塞或PVC毛细管制成。所述溶液的溶剂采用正己烷、石油醚或者二氯甲烷。
所述樟巢螟性信息素组合物的使用剂量为0.1~3.0mg/50~100μl每个缓释载体。
所述的樟巢螟诱芯在诱捕樟巢螟以及樟巢螟虫情测报中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:首次发现并鉴定了樟巢螟性信息素的一种重要组分为顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯,且使用剂量在0.05~0.5mg时对樟巢螟雄蛾的引诱有显著的增强作用。本发明的樟巢螟性信息素组合物与未加有顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯的樟巢螟性信息素组合物相比,对樟巢螟雄蛾的诱捕效果显著提高,最高可提高3倍,应用于樟巢螟种群监测和防治,对该虫的测报与防控具有重要的意义。
附图说明
图1樟巢螟性信息素提取物的气相色谱-触角电位图谱;
图2樟巢螟性信息素提取物的总离子流图;
图3田间试验比较不同化合物组合及不同剂量的诱蛾量;
图4田间试验所用诱捕器及橡胶塞诱芯;
图5田间试验所诱捕的樟巢螟成虫;
图6田间试验诱捕器在田间的设置方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
1、性信息素提取
在樟巢螟发生地采集高龄幼虫,在养虫房内用香樟树叶饲养直到化蛹以及羽化,养虫房温度为26±1℃,湿度为60±10%RH、光周期为14L:10D。采用羽化后2-3天的雌蛾,在进入暗期的5-6小时,用医用手术镊子稍微轻压腹部,使性信息素腺体伸出,然后剪取腺体,放入含有1.0ml的正己烷的样品瓶中,浸提20分钟后,过滤,氮气浓缩至每头提取量/μl,保存于-20℃备用。
2、性信息素鉴定
a.气相色谱-触角电位联用仪分析条件:气相色谱Agilent 6890,HP-5ms(0.25mm×30m,0.25μm),进样器温度250℃。触角电位仪采用Syntech公司四通道IDAC。昆虫触角采用羽化后2-3天的雄蛾触角。
b.气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析条件:气相色谱Agilent 6890,HP-5ms(0.25mm×30m,0.25μm),进样器温度250℃。质谱仪为Agilent 5973,质谱离子发生器的温度为250℃,电子能量为70eV。
利用气相色谱-触角电位联用仪对樟巢螟的性信息素提取物进行分析,结果表明提取物中有3个能明显引起触角电位反应的活性组分(图1:樟巢螟性信息素提取物的气相色谱-触角电位图谱,其中组分I:顺11-十六碳烯醇,II:顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯,III:顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯)。利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进一步对提取物分析得出这三种组分依次为顺11-十六碳烯醇、顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯、顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯(图2:樟巢螟性信息素提取物的总离子流图谱,其中组分I:顺11-十六碳烯醇,II:顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯,III:顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯)。
3、诱芯制作
采用橡胶塞(图4)作为诱芯缓释载体,溶剂为正己烷。每个诱芯加入100μl配制好的性信息素组合物溶液。
4、田间试验
田间试验在苏州市吴江区的桃源镇和松陵镇两个地点进行,时间为2016年9月至10月,诱捕器为船型诱捕器,樟巢螟性信息素组合物的每种配方均做4个重复,在香樟树上离地约2.0米处悬挂诱捕器,每个诱捕器之间相距20米左右,每3天记录一次诱蛾量。樟巢螟性信息素组合物的配方见下表:
其中表中的Z11-16:OAc、Z11-16:Ald、Z11-16:OH、Z9,E12-14:OAc、P23分别代表顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯、顺11-十六碳烯醛、顺11-十六碳烯醇、顺9,反12-十四碳烯乙酸酯和顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯。
图3为田间试验比较不同化合物组合及不同剂量的诱蛾量(A:桃源试验点;B:松陵试验点)。
从诱捕数据来看,无论是在桃源的试验点,还是在松陵的试验点,在含有顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯和顺11-十六碳烯醇(1:0.001)的基础上,含有顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯的诱芯的诱蛾量显著高于含有顺11-十六碳烯醛或者含有顺9,反12-十四碳烯乙酸酯的诱芯的诱蛾量,而顺11-十六碳烯醛和含有顺9,反12-十四碳烯乙酸酯这两种化合物是已有的专利中所报道的性信息素组分。
Claims (5)
1.一种樟巢螟性信息素诱芯,该诱芯包括缓释载体和置于载体内的樟巢螟性信息素组合物溶液,其特征在于:樟巢螟性信息素组合物的组分为顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯,顺11-十六碳烯醇和顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯;
其中:11-十六碳烯乙酸酯:顺11-十六碳烯醇:顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯的质量比为500:0.5:50;
或,11-十六碳烯乙酸酯:顺11-十六碳烯醇:顺3,顺6,顺9,顺12,顺15-二十三碳五烯的质量比为500:0.5:500。
2.根据权利要求1所述的樟巢螟性信息素诱芯,其特征在于:缓释载体是采用橡胶塞或PVC毛细管制成,所述溶液的溶剂采用正己烷、石油醚或二氯甲烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的樟巢螟性信息素诱芯,其特征在于:所述樟巢螟性信息素组合物的使用剂量为0.1~3.0 mg/50~100 μl 每个缓释载体。
4.根据权利要求1 所述的樟巢螟性信息素诱芯,其特征在于:用樟巢螟性信息素组合物的溶液浸润所述缓释载体得到所述的樟巢螟性信息素诱芯。
5.权利要求1所述的樟巢螟性信息素诱芯在诱捕樟巢螟以及樟巢螟虫情测报中的应用。
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