CN108031870A - A kind of main shaft of numerical control machine tool loading performance test device and test evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of main shaft of numerical control machine tool loading performance test device and test evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108031870A CN108031870A CN201711280468.0A CN201711280468A CN108031870A CN 108031870 A CN108031870 A CN 108031870A CN 201711280468 A CN201711280468 A CN 201711280468A CN 108031870 A CN108031870 A CN 108031870A
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- machine tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of main shaft of numerical control machine tool loading performance test device and test evaluation method, wherein, main shaft of numerical control machine tool loading performance test device, has the feature that, including：Prod；Two acceleration transducers, are respectively used to the X-direction of detection machine tool chief axis and the acceleration time domain signal of Y-direction；Loading unit, including for applying the electromagnet of loading force and the electromagnetism Loading Control device of the electric current for controlling electromagnet to prod；Three-dimensional force transducer, is installed on the table, the electromagnetism loading force loaded for detecting electromagnet to prod；Data collecting card, for receiving the detection signal of acceleration transducer and three-dimensional force transducer；Data analysis portion, for being handled acceleration time domain signal to obtain the vibration orbit of shaft center of machine tool chief axis；And display input section, orbit of shaft center is vibrated for showing, and allow user to input the setting frequency acquisition of the setting electric current of electromagnet, the setting speed of machine tool chief axis and acceleration transducer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a numerical control machine tool spindle loading performance testing device and a testing evaluation method.
Background
The machine tool main shaft is used as a core component of the numerical control machine tool, the performance of the machine tool main shaft directly influences the processing precision and the production efficiency of the numerical control machine tool, and the overall development level of the domestic numerical control machine tool is determined. At present, the localization degree of the high-performance main shaft of the numerical control machine tool in China is poor, the performance of the main shaft of the same model is often greatly different, the quality of the main shaft becomes one of key parts influencing the development of the high-speed numerical control machine tool in China, and the production and assembly of the high-performance main shaft of the machine tool with stable and reliable quality becomes the target pursued by machine tool manufacturers in China.
At present, most of devices and methods for testing and evaluating the loading performance of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool directly measure the precision and the rigidity of the spindle of the machine tool by using a displacement sensor, but the devices and the methods have the defects of complex installation process and difficulty in implementing loading measurement, have great limitation in testing and evaluating the performance of a large batch of spindles of machine tools, and have no unified standard in the aspect at home. Therefore, the development of a numerical control machine tool spindle performance testing and evaluating system which is easy to install, measure and convenient to load becomes a problem to be solved urgently for enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a numerical control machine tool spindle loading performance testing apparatus and a test evaluation method.
The invention provides a numerical control machine tool spindle loading performance testing device, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the test rod is vertically arranged on the main shaft of the machine tool through the tool shank; the two acceleration sensors are arranged on the machine tool spindle and are respectively used for detecting acceleration time domain signals of the machine tool spindle in the X direction and the Y direction; a loading part including an electromagnet for applying a loading force to the test bar and an electromagnetic loading controller for controlling a current of the electromagnet; the three-way force sensor is arranged on the workbench through a clamp and is used for detecting the electromagnetic loading force of the electromagnet on the test rod; the data acquisition card is used for receiving detection signals of the acceleration sensor and the three-way force sensor; the data analysis part is used for processing the acceleration time domain signal to obtain a vibration axis track of the machine tool spindle; and the display input part is used for displaying the track of the vibration axis and enabling a user to input the set current of the electromagnet, the set rotating speed of the machine tool spindle and the set acquisition frequency of the acceleration sensor.
The device for testing the loading performance of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics: wherein, the detection directions of the two acceleration sensors are parallel to the table surface of the workbench.
The device for testing the loading performance of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics: wherein the X-direction and the Y-direction are perpendicular to each other.
The invention provides a method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, a user adjusts a non-contact distance L between an electromagnet and a test rod through a movable workbench, a display input part is adopted for the user to input a set current of the electromagnet, an electromagnetic loading controller is adopted to control a loading force of the electromagnet, and a three-way force sensor is adopted to detect the electromagnetic loading force applied by the electromagnet to the test rod;
step 2, a display input part is adopted to allow a user to input the set rotating speed N of the machine tool spindle, and the rotating frequency f of the machine tool spindle is obtained according to the formula (1) n ，
f n ＝N/60 (1)；
Step 3, displaying the input part to let the user according to the rotation frequency f n Set acquisition frequency f of input acceleration sensor k And detecting acceleration time domain signals a (i) of the machine tool spindle in the X direction and the Y direction per second by adopting an acceleration sensor (i =0,1.., N-1);
step 4, receiving detection signals of the three-way force sensor and the acceleration sensor by adopting a data acquisition card;
step 5, analyzing the acceleration time domain signal a (i) by a data analysis part according to the formula (2) and the formula (3) to respectively obtain a vibration speed time domain signal b (j) and a vibration amplitude time domain signal x (n) of the acceleration sensor,
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
step 6, the data analysis part obtains the vibration axis track of the machine tool spindle according to the vibration speed time domain signal b (j) and the vibration amplitude time domain signal x (n), and the display input part is adopted to display the vibration axis track;
and 7, repeating the steps 1 to 6 to obtain an idle-load vibration axis locus ai and a loading vibration axis locus ao of the machine tool spindle under the conditions of different set rotating speeds N, and evaluating the dynamic performance of the machine tool spindle by comparing the idle-load vibration axis locus ai and the loading vibration axis locus ao.
The method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein L ≦ 1mm.
The method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein f is n -k<f k <f n +k。
The method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein k is 5 Hz-20 Hz.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the device and the method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool, a loading part loads a test rod, a data acquisition card is adopted to receive detection signals of a three-way force sensor and an acceleration sensor, so that an electromagnetic loading force and acceleration time domain signals of the spindle of the machine tool in X direction and Y direction per second are respectively obtained, a data analysis part can analyze and obtain vibration axis tracks (namely an idle vibration axis track ai and a loading vibration axis track ao) of the spindle of the machine tool before and after loading, and the dynamic performance of the spindle of the machine tool is evaluated by comparing the idle vibration axis track ai with the loading vibration axis track ao.
The device and the method for testing the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool are easy to operate, have strong practicability and can accurately reflect the running state of the spindle of the machine tool. In addition, different from the traditional axle center track test extraction research method, the invention adopts a signal data theory and a signal data method, can analyze and research the vibration axle center tracks of different machine tool spindles, is suitable for machine tool spindle performance loading test and performance evaluation of various machine tool manufacturers in China, and has important significance for controlling the reliability of the operation of the machine tool spindles by the machine tool manufacturers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spindle loading performance testing device of a numerical control machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of a spindle of a numerical control machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the electromagnetic loading force of the spindle of the machine tool in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram showing the locus of the oscillation axis of the spindle of the machine tool in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is specifically described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
< example >
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing the loading performance of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the device 100 for testing the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool is installed on the spindle 1 of the machine tool and the workbench 2 of the machine tool, and comprises a test bar 10, two acceleration sensors 20, a loading part 30, a three-way force sensor 40, a data acquisition card 50, a data analysis part (not shown in the figure) and a display input part 60.
The test bar 10 is vertically mounted on the machine tool spindle 1 through the tool shank. In this embodiment, the user needs to rotate the test stick 10 to check the eccentricity amount, and ensure that the eccentricity amount of the test stick 10 is less than 5um.
Two acceleration sensors 20 are mounted on the machine tool spindle 1 and are respectively used for detecting acceleration time domain signals in the X direction and the Y direction of the machine tool spindle 1. In this embodiment, the user needs to adjust the acceleration sensor 20 to have a measuring direction parallel to the table top of the worktable 2, wherein the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to each other.
The loading section 30 includes an electromagnet 31 and an electromagnetic loading controller 32.
The electromagnet 31 is used to apply a loading force to the test stick 10.
And the electromagnetic loading controller 32 is connected with the electromagnet 31 and used for controlling the current of the electromagnet 31 so as to control the loading force of the electromagnet 31.
The three-way force sensor 40 is mounted on the workbench 2 through a clamp 41 and is used for detecting the electromagnetic loading force of the electromagnet 31 on the test rod 10. In the present embodiment, the electromagnet 31 is disposed on the three-way force sensor 40, and the user adjusts the non-contact distance L (L ≦ 1 mm) between the electromagnet 31 and the test bar 10 by moving the table 2, and controls the loading force of the electromagnet 31 by using the electromagnetic loading controller 32.
And the data acquisition card 50 is connected with the acceleration sensor 20 and the three-way force sensor 40 at the same time, and is used for receiving detection signals of the three-way force sensor 40 and the acceleration sensor 20, so as to obtain an electromagnetic loading force between the electromagnet 31 and the test rod 10 and acceleration time domain signals per second in the X direction and the Y direction of the machine tool spindle 1.
The data analysis part is used for processing the acceleration time domain signal to obtain the vibration axis track of the machine tool spindle 1.
The display input unit 60 is used for displaying the vibration axis locus, and allowing a user to input the set current of the electromagnet 31, the set rotation speed of the machine tool spindle 1, and the set acquisition frequency of the acceleration sensor 20.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device 100 for testing the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool is installed (as shown in fig. 1), and the method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool is shown in fig. 2.
Step 1, a user adjusts the non-contact distance L (L ≦ 1 mm) between the electromagnet 31 and the test stick 10 by moving the workbench 2, and allows the user to input a set current of the electromagnet 31 by using the display input unit 60, control the loading force of the electromagnet 31 by using the electromagnetic loading controller 32, and detect the electromagnetic loading force applied to the test stick 10 by the electromagnet 31 by using the three-way force sensor 40.
Fig. 3 is a test chart of the electromagnetic loading force of the spindle of the machine tool in the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the actual electromagnetic loading force of the electromagnet 31 on the test rod 10 detected by the three-way force sensor 40 is 52N.
Step 2, using the display input part 60 to let the user input the set rotating speed N of the machine tool main shaft 1, and obtaining the rotating frequency f of the machine tool main shaft 1 according to the formula (1) n ，
f n ＝N/60 (1)。
In the present embodiment, the set rotational speed N input to the machine tool spindle 1 is N1.
Step 3, the display input unit 60 lets the user to operate the display device according to the rotation frequency f n Set acquisition frequency f of input acceleration sensor 20 k And the acceleration sensor 20 is used to detect the acceleration time domain signal a (i) per second in the X direction and the Y direction of the machine tool spindle 1 (i =0,1.., N-1). In the present embodiment, f n -k<f k <f n And k is 5 Hz-20 Hz.
And 4, receiving detection signals of the three-way force sensor 40 and the acceleration sensor 20 by adopting a data acquisition card 50.
Step 5, analyzing the acceleration time domain signal a (i) by a data analysis part according to the formula (2) and the formula (3) to respectively obtain a vibration speed time domain signal b (j) and a vibration amplitude time domain signal x (n) of the acceleration sensor,
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
and 6, the data analysis part obtains the vibration axis track of the machine tool spindle according to the vibration speed time domain signal b (j) and the vibration amplitude time domain signal x (n), and the display input part 60 is adopted to display the vibration axis track.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the locus of the oscillation axis of the spindle of the machine tool in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the vibration axis locus when the electromagnetic biasing force is 52N and the set rotation speed N is N1 is between the upper limit and the lower limit as shown in fig. 4, which indicates that the machine tool spindle 1 is operating normally.
And 7, repeating the steps 1 to 6 to obtain an idle-load vibration axis locus ai and a loading vibration axis locus ao of the machine tool spindle 1 under the conditions of different set rotating speeds N, and evaluating the dynamic performance of the machine tool spindle 1 by comparing the idle-load vibration axis locus ai and the loading vibration axis locus ao.
In the present embodiment, as shown in table 1, repeating steps 1 to 6 can obtain the no-load vibration axis trajectories ai (ai 1, ai2, ai3, ai4, ai5, ai6, ai7, ai8, ai9 and ai 10) and the corresponding loaded vibration axis trajectories ao (ao 1, ao2, ao3, ao4, ao5, ao6, ao7, ao8, ao9 and ao 10) of the machine spindle 1 at different set rotation speeds N (N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N9 and N10). The dynamic performance of the machine tool spindle can be evaluated by comparing the no-load vibration axis locus ai and the loading vibration axis locus ao.
TABLE 1 vibration axes trajectory results before/after loading for different rotational speeds of the machine spindle
| Set rotation speed (r/min) | No-load vibration axis track (um) | Loading vibration axis orbit (um) |
| N1 | ai1 | ao1 |
| N2 | ai2 | ao2 |
| N3 | ai3 | ao3 |
| N4 | ai4 | ao4 |
| N5 | ai5 | ao5 |
| N6 | ai6 | ao6 |
| N7 | ai7 | ao7 |
| N8 | ai8 | ao8 |
| N9 | ai9 | ao9 |
| N10 | ai10 | ao10 |
In this embodiment, the device for testing the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool and the test evaluation method compare the no-load vibration axis locus ai and the loading vibration axis locus ao of the same spindle 1 of the machine tool under the conditions of different set rotating speeds N, so as to analyze and obtain the dynamic performance of the spindle 1 of the machine tool. However, the above-described apparatus and test evaluation method may analyze and study the vibration axis locus of the spindle of different machine tools.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the device and the method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool provided by the embodiment, the loading part loads the test rod, the data acquisition card is adopted to receive detection signals of the three-way force sensor and the acceleration sensor, so that an electromagnetic loading force and acceleration time domain signals per second in the X direction and the Y direction of the spindle of the machine tool are respectively obtained, the data analysis part can analyze and obtain vibration axis tracks (namely an idle vibration axis track ai and a loading vibration axis track ao) of the spindle of the machine tool before and after loading, and the dynamic performance of the spindle of the machine tool is evaluated by comparing the idle vibration axis track ai with the loading vibration axis track ao.
The device and the method for testing the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool are easy to operate, have strong practicability and can accurately reflect the running state of the spindle of the machine tool. In addition, different from the traditional axle center track test extraction research method, the invention adopts a signal data theory and a signal data method, can analyze and research the vibration axle center tracks of different machine tool spindles, is suitable for machine tool spindle performance loading test and performance evaluation of various machine tool manufacturers in China, and has important significance for controlling the reliability of the operation of the machine tool spindles by the machine tool manufacturers.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a digit control machine tool main shaft loading capability test device which characterized in that includes:
the test rod is vertically arranged on the main shaft of the machine tool through the tool shank;
the two acceleration sensors are arranged on the machine tool spindle and are respectively used for detecting acceleration time domain signals of the machine tool spindle in the X direction and the Y direction;
a loading part including an electromagnet for applying a loading force to the test bar and an electromagnetic loading controller for controlling a current of the electromagnet;
the three-way force sensor is arranged on the workbench through a clamp and used for detecting the electromagnetic loading force of the electromagnet on the test rod;
the data acquisition card is used for receiving detection signals of the acceleration sensor and the three-way force sensor;
the data analysis part is used for processing the acceleration time domain signal to obtain a vibration axis track of the machine tool spindle; and
and the display input part is used for displaying the track of the vibration axis and enabling a user to input the set current of the electromagnet, the set rotating speed of the machine tool spindle and the set acquisition frequency of the acceleration sensor.
2. The numerical control machine tool spindle loading performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the detection directions of the two acceleration sensors are parallel to the table top of the workbench.
3. The numerical control machine tool spindle loading performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
wherein the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to each other.
4. A numerical control machine tool spindle loading performance test evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a user adjusts a non-contact distance L between an electromagnet and a test rod through a movable workbench, a display input part is adopted for the user to input a set current of the electromagnet, an electromagnetic loading controller is adopted to control a loading force of the electromagnet, and a three-way force sensor is adopted to detect an electromagnetic loading force applied by the electromagnet to the test rod;
step 2, the display input part is adopted to allow the user to input the set rotating speed N of the machine tool spindle, and the rotating frequency f of the machine tool spindle is obtained according to the formula (1) n ，
f n ＝N/60 (1)；
Step 3, the display input part enables the user to operate the display input part according to the rotation frequency f n Set acquisition frequency f of input acceleration sensor k And detecting acceleration time domain signals a (i) of the machine tool spindle in the X direction and the Y direction per second by adopting the acceleration sensor (i =0,1.., N-1);
step 4, receiving detection signals of the three-way force sensor and the acceleration sensor by adopting a data acquisition card;
step 5, analyzing the acceleration time domain signal a (i) by a data analysis part according to the formula (2) and the formula (3) to respectively obtain a vibration speed time domain signal b (j) and a vibration amplitude time domain signal x (n) of the acceleration sensor,
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
step 6, the data analysis part obtains the vibration axis track of the machine tool spindle according to the vibration speed time domain signal b (j) and the vibration amplitude time domain signal x (n), and the display input part is adopted to display the vibration axis track;
and 7, repeating the steps 1 to 6 to obtain an idle-load vibration axis locus ai and a loading vibration axis locus ao of the machine tool spindle under the conditions of different set rotating speeds N, and evaluating the dynamic performance of the machine tool spindle by comparing the idle-load vibration axis locus ai with the loading vibration axis locus ao.
5. The method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine according to claim 4, wherein:
wherein L ≦ 1mm.
6. The method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine according to claim 4, wherein:
wherein f is n -k<f k <f n +k。
7. The method for testing and evaluating the loading performance of the spindle of the numerical control machine according to claim 6, wherein:
wherein k is 5 Hz-20 Hz.
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| CN110261075A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-09-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electromagnetic loading device and loading method for Cnc ReliabilityintelligeNetwork Network test |
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| CN114295465A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-04-08 | 北京机电工程研究所 | Modal test preload applying device, modal test system and preload applying method |
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Application publication date: 20180515 |