CN108029478A - 一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:在稻田的四周挖出环形蟹池,稻田平面低于蟹池外围高度20~30cm;在稻田中采用穴播方式栽种水稻;在蟹池中安插仿生水草;在蟹池中投放扣蟹幼体;对稻田进行田间管理,对扣蟹投喂养殖;采收水稻及捕捞扣蟹。本发明的优点在于:不使用化肥、农药,利用稻田中的杂草、昆虫、水中的浮游和底栖生物养殖扣蟹,扣蟹产生的粪便为水稻提供不间断施肥,扣蟹的觅食等活动,增加稻田水体溶解氧,改善土壤的通气状况,保证水稻生长,提高稻田产量同时产出扣蟹提高经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于绿色无公害农作物种植及水产养殖领域,具体涉及一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法。
背景技术
随着水稻种植环境的恶化,病害、虫害、草害发生日趋严重,传统生产中,化肥、农药已成为保证水稻产量的主要手段。造成的环境污染,产值低下,增效缓慢。而现在人们对无污染绿色食品需求增加,需要不使用化肥、农药的有机食品,但没有化肥、农药的支持,农作物所需养分降低导致生长速度慢、虫害无法治理,致使绿色食品的产量低。如何解决这一矛盾,是急待解决的问题。
发明内容
为克服上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,利用稻田中的杂草、昆虫、水中的浮游和底栖生物养殖扣蟹,不仅保证了扣蟹的生长,起到了除草、灭虫、净田的良好效果,同时扣蟹产生的粪便含有大量的氮磷钾养分、有机质和微生物,为水稻提供不间断施肥,另外,河蟹的觅食等活动,增加稻田水体溶解氧,翻动土壤,降低土壤容重,增加土壤水稳性团聚体数量,改善土壤的通气状况,也促进微生物的活动,有利于养分循环,促进土壤原有养分的活化。 既能促进水稻生长,又能协调水稻群体与个体、水稻与杂草之间争肥争光的矛盾,改善水稻群体的生态环境,从而提高稻田的生产效益。
为达到上述目的,本发明是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。
一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在稻田的四周挖出环形蟹池,稻田平面低于蟹池外围高度20~30cm;通过调节蟹池水位的高度来控制稻田的水位高度;
(2)在稻田中采用穴播方式栽种水稻;五月中旬用穴播方式栽种水稻;
(3)在蟹池中安插仿生水草;蟹池需要种植大量的水草,池塘移入水草不仅可以降低水温,还可以净化水质制造氧气提高水中溶氧,还为扣蟹蜕壳提供了荫蔽场所,减少自相残杀。但是水草生长,消耗大量蟹池中的有机质,形成与水稻争夺养料的局面,而采用仿生水草不仅能达到降低水温,提供扣蟹荫蔽场所的目的,而且不需要任何养分供给;
(4)在蟹池中投放扣蟹幼体;
(5)对稻田进行田间管理,对扣蟹投喂养殖;
(6)采收水稻及捕捞扣蟹。
进一步地所述步骤(1)中蟹池深 80-100cm、面积为稻田面积的1/4~1/2。
进一步地所述步骤(2)中在5月中旬穴播水稻,每穴播种15~20粒,穴距20~30cm。
进一步地所述步骤(3)中仿生水草的栽植密度为10~20株/m2,仿生水草高度为60~80cm。
进一步地所述步骤(3)中仿生水草植株顶端设有能漂浮的太阳能电池及微型鼓气电机,鼓气电机连有通气管伸至仿生水草根部开口。解决仿生水草不能产生氧气的问题,提高蟹池的溶氧度。
进一步地所述步骤(3)中先在岸上制作聚乙烯网格模块,按种植密度在聚乙烯网格模块上设置种植杯,种植杯底镂空,将仿生水草固定在种植杯中,将网格模块沉入蟹池并拼接,连片覆盖整个蟹池。方便仿生水草的安放和捞取,为扣蟹的捕捞提供方便。
进一步地所述步骤(4)中扣蟹幼体的规格为60~80头/斤,投放密度为 3~4斤/ 亩。
进一步地所述步骤(5)中水稻种植期间不施化肥、农药;每3~5天投喂扣蟹饵料,投喂量为0.6~1.5 kg/100只。保证水稻的绿色种植杜绝污染;扣蟹主要靠稻田中的杂草、昆虫、水中的浮游和底栖生物为食,但所需养分略显不足,需要加以饵料作为补充,但不宜过多。
进一步地所述扣蟹饵料的制备方法为:
(1)将由括豆粕1~3份、菜籽粕3~4份、麸皮3~8份,鱼粉1~3份组成的基础饲料100份用水浸泡4~8小时,捞出;
(2)按重量比3~5:1的比例将白糖或红糖与发酵菌溶于水中;发酵菌按重量份由乳酸菌3~4份、EM1~2菌份组成;
(3)将含有3~5份发酵菌的发酵菌液与浸泡后的基础饲料混合发酵,发酵温度25~30℃,时间3~10天;
(4)发酵发酵完成后在加入维生素C0.3~0.5份、微量元素0.01~0.02份、抗菌肽0.3~0.5份、虾青素0.05~0.1份、乳酸钙2~3份,混匀、烘干;所述微量元素按重量份包括碘化钾1~2份、硫酸锌5~8份、硫酸铜3~5份、磷酸氢二钠1~3份、亚硒酸钠0.1~0.3份、硝酸镁0.5~1份;
(5)粉碎、造粒即得。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1)不使用化肥、农药,利用稻田中的杂草、昆虫、水中的浮游和底栖生物养殖扣蟹,扣蟹产生的粪便为水稻提供不间断施肥,扣蟹的觅食等活动,增加稻田水体溶解氧,改善土壤的通气状况,保证水稻生长,提高稻田产量同时产出扣蟹提高经济效益;
2)采用仿生水草不仅能达到降低水温,提供扣蟹荫蔽场所的目的,而且不需要任何养分供给,还能用太阳能鼓气机为蟹池增氧;
3)以少量配制饵料作为补充,促进扣蟹的生长发育。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。本发明所用的原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在稻田的四周挖出环形蟹池,稻田平面低于蟹池外围高度20cm,蟹池深 80cm、面积为稻田面积的1/2;
(2)在5月中旬稻田中采用穴播方式栽种水稻,每穴播种15粒,穴距20cm;
(3)在蟹池中安插仿生水草,仿生水草的栽植密度为20株/m2,仿生水草高度为60cm,仿生水草植株顶端设有能漂浮的太阳能电池及微型鼓气电机,鼓气电机连有通气管伸至仿生水草根部开口;先在岸上制作聚乙烯网格模块,按种植密度在聚乙烯网格模块上设置种植杯,种植杯底镂空,将仿生水草固定在种植杯中,将网格模块沉入蟹池并拼接,连片覆盖整个蟹池;
(4)在蟹池中投放扣蟹幼体,扣蟹幼体的规格为60头/斤,投放密度为 3斤/亩;
(5)对稻田进行田间管理期间不施化肥、农药;对扣蟹投喂自制饵料养殖,每5天投喂扣蟹饵料,投喂量为1.5 kg/100只;
扣蟹饵料的制备方法为:
①将由括豆粕1份、菜籽粕4份、麸皮3份,鱼粉3份组成的基础饲料100份用水浸泡4小时,捞出;
②按重量比3:1的比例将白糖或红糖与发酵菌溶于水中;发酵菌按重量份由乳酸菌3份、EM2菌份组成;
③将含有3~5份发酵菌的发酵菌液与浸泡后的基础饲料混合发酵,发酵温度30℃,时间3天;
④发酵发酵完成后在加入维生素C 0.3份、微量元素0.02份、抗菌肽0.3份、虾青素0.1份、乳酸钙3份,混匀、烘干;所述微量元素按重量份包括碘化钾1份、硫酸锌8份、硫酸铜3份、磷酸氢二钠3份、亚硒酸钠0.1份、硝酸镁1份;
⑤粉碎、造粒即得;
(6)采收水稻及捕捞扣蟹。十一月中旬收割水稻,水稻350公斤/亩,十二月初捕捞扣蟹,捕捞前将仿生水草先捞出蟹池,然后再捕捞扣蟹,产量200公斤/亩。
实施例2
一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在稻田的四周挖出环形蟹池,稻田平面低于蟹池外围高度30cm,蟹池深100cm、面积为稻田面积的1/4;
(2)在5月中旬稻田中采用穴播方式栽种水稻,每穴播种20粒,穴距30cm;
(3)在蟹池中安插仿生水草,仿生水草的栽植密度为10株/m2,仿生水草高度为80cm,仿生水草植株顶端设有能漂浮的太阳能电池及微型鼓气电机,鼓气电机连有通气管伸至仿生水草根部开口;先在岸上制作聚乙烯网格模块,按种植密度在聚乙烯网格模块上设置种植杯,种植杯底镂空,将仿生水草固定在种植杯中,将网格模块沉入蟹池并拼接,连片覆盖整个蟹池;
(4)在蟹池中投放扣蟹幼体,扣蟹幼体的规格为80头/斤,投放密度为 4斤/亩;
(5)对稻田进行田间管理期间不施化肥、农药;对扣蟹投喂自制饵料养殖,每5天投喂扣蟹饵料,投喂量为0.6 kg/100只;
扣蟹饵料的制备方法为:
①将由括豆粕3份、菜籽粕3份、麸皮8份,鱼粉1份组成的基础饲料100份用水浸泡8小时,捞出;
②按重量比5:1的比例将白糖或红糖与发酵菌溶于水中;发酵菌按重量份由乳酸菌4份、EM1菌份组成;
③将含有3~5份发酵菌的发酵菌液与浸泡后的基础饲料混合发酵,发酵温度25℃,时间10天;
④发酵发酵完成后在加入维生素C 0.5份、微量元素0.01份、抗菌肽0.5份、虾青素0.05份、乳酸钙2份,混匀、烘干;所述微量元素按重量份包括碘化钾2份、硫酸锌5份、硫酸铜5份、磷酸氢二钠1份、亚硒酸钠0.3份、硝酸镁0.5份;
⑤粉碎、造粒即得;
(6)采收水稻及捕捞扣蟹。十一月中旬收割水稻,水稻400公斤/亩,十二月初捕捞扣蟹,捕捞前将仿生水草先捞出蟹池,然后再捕捞扣蟹,产量300公斤/亩。
实施例3
一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在稻田的四周挖出环形蟹池,稻田平面低于蟹池外围高度25cm,蟹池深 90cm、面积为稻田面积的1/3;
(2)在5月中旬稻田中采用穴播方式栽种水稻,每穴播种18粒,穴距25cm;
(3)在蟹池中安插仿生水草,仿生水草的栽植密度为15株/m2,仿生水草高度为70cm,仿生水草植株顶端设有能漂浮的太阳能电池及微型鼓气电机,鼓气电机连有通气管伸至仿生水草根部开口;先在岸上制作聚乙烯网格模块,按种植密度在聚乙烯网格模块上设置种植杯,种植杯底镂空,将仿生水草固定在种植杯中,将网格模块沉入蟹池并拼接,连片覆盖整个蟹池;
(4)在蟹池中投放扣蟹幼体,扣蟹幼体的规格为70头/斤,投放密度为 3.5斤/亩;
(5)对稻田进行田间管理期间不施化肥、农药;对扣蟹投喂自制饵料养殖,每4天投喂扣蟹饵料,投喂量为0.8 kg/100只;
扣蟹饵料的制备方法为:
①将由括豆粕2份、菜籽粕3份、麸皮5份,鱼粉2份组成的基础饲料100份用水浸泡6小时,捞出;
②按重量比4:1的比例将白糖或红糖与发酵菌溶于水中;发酵菌按重量份由乳酸菌3份、EM1菌份组成;
③将含有3~5份发酵菌的发酵菌液与浸泡后的基础饲料混合发酵,发酵温度28℃,时间7天;
④发酵发酵完成后在加入维生素C 0.4份、微量元素0.01份、抗菌肽0.4份、虾青素0.05份、乳酸钙3份,混匀、烘干;所述微量元素按重量份包括碘化钾1份、硫酸锌7份、硫酸铜4份、磷酸氢二钠2份、亚硒酸钠0.2份、硝酸镁0.8份;
⑤粉碎、造粒即得;
(6)采收水稻及捕捞扣蟹。十一月中旬收割水稻,水稻380公斤/亩,十二月初捕捞扣蟹,捕捞前将仿生水草先捞出蟹池,然后再捕捞扣蟹,产量250公斤/亩。
本发明按照上述实施例进行了说明,应当理解,上述实施例不以任何形式限定本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在稻田的四周挖出环形蟹池,稻田平面低于蟹池外围高度20~30cm;
(2)在稻田中采用穴播方式栽种水稻;
(3)在蟹池中安插仿生水草;
(4)在蟹池中投放扣蟹幼体;
(5)对稻田进行田间管理,对扣蟹投喂养殖;
(6)采收水稻及捕捞扣蟹。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中蟹池深 80-100cm、面积为稻田面积的1/4~1/2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中在5月中旬穴播水稻,每穴播种15~20粒,穴距20~30cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中仿生水草的栽植密度为10~20株/m2,仿生水草高度为60~80cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中仿生水草植株顶端设有能漂浮的太阳能电池及微型鼓气电机,鼓气电机连有通气管伸至仿生水草根部开口。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中先在岸上制作聚乙烯网格模块,按种植密度在聚乙烯网格模块上设置种植杯,种植杯底镂空,将仿生水草固定在种植杯中,将网格模块沉入蟹池并拼接,连片覆盖整个蟹池。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中扣蟹幼体的规格为60~80头/斤,投放密度为3~4斤/亩。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中水稻种植期间不施化肥、农药;每3~5天投喂扣蟹饵料,投喂量为0.6~ 1.5kg/100只。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种稻田扣蟹的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述扣蟹饵料的制备方法为:
(1)将由括豆粕1~3份、菜籽粕3~4份、麸皮3~8份,鱼粉1~3份组成的基础饲料100份用水浸泡4~8小时,捞出;
(2)按重量比3~5:1的比例将白糖或红糖与发酵菌溶于水中;发酵菌按重量份由乳酸菌3~4份、EM1~2菌份组成;
(3)将含有3~5份发酵菌的发酵菌液与浸泡后的基础饲料混合发酵,发酵温度25~30℃,时间3~10天;
(4)发酵发酵完成后在加入维生素C 0.3~0.5份、微量元素0.01~0.02份、抗菌肽0.3~0.5份、虾青素0.05~0.1份、乳酸钙2~3份,混匀、烘干;所述微量元素按重量份包括碘化钾1~2份、硫酸锌5~8份、硫酸铜3~5份、磷酸氢二钠1~3份、亚硒酸钠0.1~0.3份、硝酸镁0.5~1份;
(5)粉碎、造粒即得。
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