CN108021764A - A kind of glacial mud-rock flow starts the computational methods of flow depth - Google Patents
A kind of glacial mud-rock flow starts the computational methods of flow depth Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the computational methods that a kind of glacial mud-rock flow starts flow depth, means are measured etc. by the temperature in the field investigation of glacial mud-rock flow channel characteristic of field and in-site measurement, the measure of glacial mud-rock flow material resource property, basin, rainfall intensity, determine the fall of channel α of glacial mud-rock flow ditch, raceway groove longitudinal river slope J, the weight stress W of saturation till, till saturated unit weight γsat, till ulking thickness h, the void ratio e of till, till internal friction angle
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to natural calamity prophylactic applications technical field, more particularly to the prevention technique of glacial mud-rock flow disaster or
Method field, is the computational methods that a kind of glacial mud-rock flow starts flow depth specifically.
Background technology
Glacial mud-rock flow is a kind of and the closely related Calamitous Landform phenomenon of ice movement.And glacial mud-rock flow is mainly ice
The glacial mud-rock flow and drift-dam lake that moraine thing unstability is induced burst induced glacial mud-rock flow.Hu Guisheng et al. is to Fromlingzhi, tibet
Regional Types of Debris Flow statistic of classification finds that glacier rainfall induced debris flow accounts for the 36.4% of whole Types of Debris Flow.
The formation of glacial mud-rock flow is in addition to being subject to the influences such as condition of raining, also by the shadow of many factors such as temperature Change
Ring.Fei Laishiman thinks that the formation of glacial mud-rock flow is a compound process.And Wei Nuoge pressgangs think glacial mud-rock flow
Starting belongs to erosion-sliding.Also the coombe on artificial glacial mud-rock flow till induces glacial mud-rock flow.Wang Yanlong thinks one
Secondary larger snowfall, precipitation destroy the stability of hillside accumulated snow, ice-fall, snowslide are induced, so as to induce glacial mud-rock flow.
As global temperature raises so that the Melting Glacierss speed of glacial mud-rock flow ditch increases in trend is increased year by year
The probability broken out of glacial mud-rock flow, " 7.15 " rice heap ditch glacial mud-rock flow, " 9.4 " of 2007 including 1988
Its ditch glacial mud-rock flow etc. that rubs.The investigation difficulty of glacial mud-rock flow is big, and early warning accuracy is low, causes the prevention phase of glacial mud-rock flow
It is one of problem of STUDY OF DEBRIS FLOW to difficulty.Since the glaciofluvial landscape position of glacial mud-rock flow ditch is high, terrain slope is big, makes
The investigation of field glacier and measurement work difficulty it is big, work risk is high, workload is heavy, it is impossible to meet quick identification and pre-
Anti-, the glacier area coverage for obtaining glacial mud-rock flow is less than normal relative to its actual value, it is impossible to meet glacial mud-rock flow early warning and
The needs of prevention and cure project design.
It is provided below two and records the relevant prior art with the application, and main contents summary is as follows：
The prior art 1：Chinese invention patent application, Application No. 201610752736.3, publication No. are
CN106355275A discloses a kind of glaciofluvial landscape area mud-stone flow disaster grade of risk evaluation method, and the described method includes following
Step：1) determine for describing the index of influence Debris Flow Evolution regular factor, and be classified；2) calculate mud-rock flow routinely influence because
The weighted sum of son, draws mud-rock flow risk value under the influence of no glacier, and Grading And Zoning；3) glaciofluvial landscape and activity are analyzed to mud
The influence of rock glacier development, determines for describing the index of glacier influence, and is classified；4) the relatively conventional factor of the glacier factor is determined
Relative importance value；5) calculate regular factor weighted sum and glacier factor of influence is multiplied by the sum of its relative importance, and divided
Level, completes glaciofluvial landscape area Debris Flow Hazard Assessment.Method provided by the invention is in traditional general area mud-rock flow danger
Glacier factor of influence is superimposed on the basis of dangerous evaluation method, suitable for glaciofluvial landscape area mud-rock flow grade of risk.
The prior art 2：Chinese invention patent application, application number 201610058598.9, publication No. CN105513285A,
The patent application belongs to debris flow control works, hydraulic engineering field, is related to a kind of ice-lake breach method for early warning, is burst with potential
Glade is early warning and monitoring region, measures the glacier tongue gradient α and glacier slope aspect θ for determining the potential glade that bursts, checks that meteorological data is true
The average positive accumulated temperature Ty2, the positive accumulated temperature Ty of more annuals of fixed potential ice-lake breach point the first two years, before monitoring some time in real time
Positive accumulated temperature T0 and 7 days mean temperatures and T7 before the time, using the early warning and monitoring region ice-lake breach critical value Cr as monitor value,
The warning level of ice-lake breach is divided according to monitor value size.Ice-lake breach method for early warning provided by the invention, by studying temperature
Spend the factor and terrain factor and internal mechanism research is carried out to ice-lake breach occurrence degree, establish ice-lake breach early-warning and predicting mould
Type；The temperature factor and influence of topography factor of ice-lake breach are considered comprehensively, and ice-lake breach is forecast in a manner of quantitative.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the computational methods that a kind of glacial mud-rock flow starts flow depth, for look-ahead glacier
The probability of happening of mud-rock flow, to control the formation water burst situation that snowslide or strong melt water occur for glacier, and time in advance
Prediction, avoids the burst of glacial mud-rock flow from causing uncontrollable loss.The present invention is to measure to obtain by the prior art to influence ice
The condition that river mud-rock flow occurs, force analysis is carried out further according to glacial mud-rock flow fall of channel, is calculated and is obtained glacier generation mudstone
The critical flow depth of stream, in this way, people can be by directly intuitively obtaining flow depth with the relation of glacial mud-rock flow occurs, with logical
Cross measurement flow depth and know that it is the probability and time flowed that you, which occurs,.This addresses the problem glacial mud-rock flow burst uncertain to ask
Topic, by analyzing climatic condition, can predict height of run-off, and reach the time of critical value, thus can be very accurate
The true judgement for glacial mud-rock flow probability of happening.
In order to solve above-mentioned existing technical problem, reach expected technique effect, the present invention is real by following technical proposals
It is existing：
A kind of glacial mud-rock flow starts the computational methods of flow depth, and measurable the luring of glacial mud-rock flow generation is induced by obtaining
Hair factor, calculates the critical thickness for obtaining glacial mud-rock flow, specifically includes following calculation procedure：
Step S100, obtains the effective normal stress δ ' on unit till accumulation body：Measure the ditch of glacial mud-rock flow ditch body
Road gradient α, till saturated unit weight γsat, determine the effective normal stress δ ' on unit till accumulation body, the unit moraine
Effective normal stress δ ' and the relation of weight stress W during unit till saturation on thing accumulation body is as follows：
δ '=W cos α；
Step S200, obtains weight stress W during unit till saturation in step S100：By being carried out certainly to till
So sampling, measurement obtain the saturated unit weight γ of till accumulation bodysat, the thickness that h is accumulated as till is set, obtains unit ice
The calculation formula of weight stress W during moraine thing saturation is as follows：
W=γsath；
Step S300, obtains the unit shearing stress τ of till：By being sampled to till, obtain the interior of till and rub
Wipe angle, and according to the unit shearing stress τ that formula acquisition till is calculated as below：
Step S400, obtains runoff shear stress F when rainfall snow melt acts on the rainwash to form flow depth：The wherein meter of F
It is as follows to calculate formula：F=γwRJ, wherein, γwFor water capacity weight, R is hydraulic radius, and value is rainwash depth H, unit m, J
For runoff energy slope, value is the tangent value of fall of channel, is constant；
Step S500, obtains as F=τ, glacial mud-rock flow is in critical condition, then root according to forst law of motion principle
Obtained according to step S100-S400 and work as F>During τ, then glacial mud-rock flow can occur, i.e.,：
Wherein, γwFor current unit weight, calculation formula is γ w=ρ * g, wherein, ρ is density, and g is local gravitational acceleration
Value, unit kN/m3, hydraulic radius R units are m, its value is approximately equal to rainwash depth H, and the unit of c ' is KN/m,
The unit of α is °.
For more convenient acquisition glacial mud-rock flow raceway groove deposit feature to be measured, to obtain the internal friction angle of till, the internal friction angle of the tillComputational methods be by till natural sampling, utilize till Soil mechanics experiment obtain
Friction factor μ, according to formula：Calculate and obtain, wherein,For the internal friction angle of till.
In order to preferably calculate the saturated unit weight γ of till accumulation bodysat, the saturated unit weight of the till accumulation body
γsatComputational methods it is as follows：
γsat=(w0+vvγw)/v
Wherein, w0Represent the dry weight of experiment material, vvRepresent experiment material porosity, γwThe density of water is represented, V represents ice
The volume of moraine thing accumulation body.
Compared with prior art, the present invention haing the following advantages and beneficial effect：
(1) present invention is analyzed according to glacial mud-rock flow till stress, constructs the ice based on rainwash depth
The computation model of river Debris flow initiation flow depth threshold values.In terms of glacial mud-rock flow till physical property, the appearance of till is utilized
Big ration builds till stress mathematical model；Meanwhile according to flow dynamics analysis glacial mud-rock flow till in flow depth condition
Under standing balance, it is established that critical flow depth computation model when glacial mud-rock flow starts, so as to from different environment
Factor determines the probability that glacial mud-rock flow occurs.
(2) present invention induces the factor of glacial mud-rock flow, the critical flow depth mould that structure glacial mud-rock flow occurs by gathering
Type, can predict the glacial mud-rock flow ditch of place's different gradient, the till of different ulking thickness, and the ice of different geographical conditions
The probability of mud-rock flow occurs for river；It is possible to further combine local weather information, prediction reaches the time of critical thickness, so that
Realize the time to glacial mud-rock flow occurs, in order to be ready and forecast in advance, avoiding can not caused by the disaster of burst
The loss of personal property of appraisal.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1：
In order to verify that glacial mud-rock flow starts the correctness and practicality of flow depth model, Tibet Tian Mogou glaciers mudstone is chosen
Flow for research object, the day ditch that rubs is located at Song Rao villages of Bowo County Gu township, and the drainage area of wherein day evil spirit ditch glacial mud-rock flow ditch is
17.74km2, a length of 4.76km in tap drain road, relative relief 3100m, wherein exit or entrance of a clitch height above sea level 2460m, seasonal snow line position exists
3900m, glacier area about 9km2, cheuch configuration is " V " type；Its magic ditch raceway groove longitudinal river slope that is averaged is about 244 ‰, and two sides
Raceway groove average slope of mountain slope is more than 35 °.In the understanding THICKNESS CALCULATION to different places, since the factor of influence is numerous, obtain
The result obtained is also not quite similar, and is that glacial mud-rock flow starts flow depth circular and step below：
According to step S100, the effective normal stress δ ' on unit till accumulation body is obtained：Measure glacial mud-rock flow ditch body
Fall of channel α, till saturated unit weight γsat, determine the effective normal stress δ ' on unit till accumulation body, the unit
Effective normal stress δ ' and the relation of weight stress W during unit till saturation on till accumulation body is as follows：
δ '=W cos α；
Sampled on the spot by scene, measurement obtains the value of the fall of channel α of multigroup different height, and calculates and obtain the flat of α
Average, obtains α=31.2 °, then can obtain the relation of δ ' and W.
Step S200, obtains weight stress W during unit till saturation in step S100：By being carried out certainly to till
So sampling, measurement obtain the saturated unit weight γ of till accumulation bodysat, the thickness that h is accumulated as till is set, obtains unit ice
The calculation formula of weight stress W during moraine thing saturation is as follows：
W=γsath；
Tested by live unit weight, obtain the average saturated unit weight γ of day evil spirit ditch tillsat；So as to obtain critical ice
The relation of moraine thing ulking thickness h and δ '；
Step S300, obtains the unit shearing stress τ of till：By being sampled to till, obtain the interior of till and rub
Wipe angle, and according to the unit shearing stress τ that formula acquisition till is calculated as below：
By screen experiments in field sampling room, the large, medium and small value particle diameter of till is obtained, according to grain in sampling sample
The accounting in footpath, calculates average effective particle diameter；By critical side slip test, taking for the effective cohesion intercept c ' of the till is being obtained
It is worth for c '=tan α.
Step S400, obtains runoff shear stress F when rainfall snow melt acts on the rainwash to form flow depth：The wherein meter of F
It is as follows to calculate formula：F=γwRJ, wherein, γwFor current unit weight, R is hydraulic radius, and value is rainwash depth h, and unit is
M, J are runoff energy slope, and value is the tangent value of fall of channel, is constant；
Step S500, obtains as F=τ, glacial mud-rock flow is in critical condition, then root according to forst law of motion principle
Obtained according to step S100-S400 and work as F>During τ, then glacial mud-rock flow can occur, i.e.,：
Wherein, γwFor current unit weight, calculation formula is γ w=ρ * g, wherein, ρ is density, and g is local gravitational acceleration
Value, unit kN/m3, hydraulic radius R units are m, its value is approximately equal to rainwash depth, and the unit of c ' is KN/m, α
Unit for °.
What deserves to be explained is R is hydraulic radius, i.e., when the width of fluid is significantly greater than flow depth H, the value of its R is stream
Deep H, this value rule are documented in technical manual, to those skilled in the art, are considered as known existing skill
Art, is just not detailed herein.
Pass through the prior art and relevant soil mechanics experiment/experiment, to those skilled in the art, current therein
Unit weight γw, hydraulic radius R, effective cohesion intercept c ', runoff can break J, be approximately equal to the tangent value of fall of channel, internal friction angle
The prior art can be used to obtain, as the known quantity that can be used as calculating, and bring above formula calculating into, when hydraulic radius R is more than critical
ValueWhen, for the critical value of theoretical glacial mud-rock flow.Thus can be intuitively by using fixed
When or the mode of not timing directly measure till ulking thickness, to judge that the probability of glacial mud-rock flow occurs for current glacier；
And following weather condition can be further combined, the flow depth of rainfall or water burst is judged, to predict actual glacier mudstone
Stream starts the time that flow depth reaches theoretical flow depth critical value, so that the time that generation mud-rock flow is accumulated to till is estimated,
Achieve the purpose that prevention in advance and science anticipation.
Really, although the present embodiment has been enumerated and illustrated to produce if obtaining to accumulate till by known technology
Or the acquisition of glacial mud-rock flow occurrence condition is induced, and be calculated by specific formula of mathematical and glacier mudstone occurs
Theoretical flow depth during stream；But, can not limit in the technical program since different glacial mud-rock flow ditches has different factors
Enumerate all real data；It is so sufficient to those skilled in the art, by the application and derivation of above-mentioned formula
To solve the problems, such as existing prediction, and reach expected prediction effect, so in the present embodiment just no longer to different glaciers
Information gathering data is illustrated.
Embodiment 2：
For the fall of channel of more convenient acquisition glacial mud-rock flow ditch to be measured, to obtain the interior friction inside till
Angle, on the basis of embodiment 1, in the present embodiment, the internal friction angle of the tillComputational methods be by till from
So sampling, obtains friction factor μ, according to formula using till Soil mechanics experiment：Calculate and obtain, wherein,For
Internal friction angle inside till.
In order to preferably calculate the saturated unit weight γ of till accumulation bodysatIn the present embodiment, the till accumulation body
Saturated unit weight γsatComputational methods it is as follows：
γsat=(w0+vvγw)/v
Wherein, w0Represent the dry weight of experiment material, vvRepresent experiment material porosity, γwThe density of water is represented, V represents ice
The volume of moraine thing accumulation body.
The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does limitation in any form to the present invention, it is every according to
Any simply modification, the equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention to above example, each fall within the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of glacial mud-rock flow starts the computational methods of flow depth, by obtaining the measurable induction for inducing glacial mud-rock flow and producing
Factor, calculates the critical flow depth for obtaining glacial mud-rock flow, it is characterised in that：Specifically include following calculation procedure：
Step S100, obtains the effective normal stress δ ' on unit till accumulation body：Measure the raceway groove slope of glacial mud-rock flow ditch body
Spend α, till saturated unit weight γsat, determine the effective normal stress δ ' on unit till accumulation body, the unit till heap
Effective normal stress δ ' and the relation of weight stress W during unit till saturation on product body is as follows：
δ '=W cos α；
Step S200, obtains weight stress W during unit till saturation in step S100：Taken by carrying out nature to till
Sample, measurement obtain the saturated unit weight γ of till accumulation bodysat, the thickness that h is accumulated as till is set, obtains unit till
The calculation formula of weight stress W during saturation is as follows：
W=γsath；
Step S300, obtains the unit shearing stress τ of till：By being sampled to till, the internal friction angle of till is obtainedAnd according to the unit shearing stress τ that formula acquisition till is calculated as below：
Step S400, obtains runoff shear stress F when rainfall snow melt acts on the rainwash to form flow depth：The calculating of wherein F is public
Formula is as follows：F=γwRJ, wherein, γwFor water capacity weight, R is hydraulic radius, and value is rainwash depth H, and unit m, J are footpath
Stream energy slope, value is the tangent value of fall of channel, is constant；
Step S500, obtains as F=τ, glacial mud-rock flow is in critical condition, then according to step according to forst law of motion principle
Rapid S100-S400, which is obtained, works as F>During τ, then glacial mud-rock flow can occur, i.e.,：
Wherein, γwFor current unit weight, calculation formula is γ w=ρ * g, wherein, ρ is density, and g is local gravitational acceleration value,
Unit is kN/m3, hydraulic radius R units are m, its value is approximately equal to rainwash depth H, and the unit of c ' is KN/m, the list of α
Position is °.
2. glacial mud-rock flow according to claim 1 starts the computational methods of flow depth, it is characterised in that：The till
Internal friction angleComputational methods be by till natural sampling, using till Soil mechanics experiment obtain friction factor μ, according to
Formula：Calculate and obtain, wherein,Angle of inclination when coming down for till.
3. glacial mud-rock flow according to claim 1 starts the computational methods of flow depth, it is characterised in that：The till heap
The saturated unit weight γ of product bodysatComputational methods it is as follows：
γsat=(w0+vvγw)/v
Wherein, w0Represent the dry weight of experiment material, vvRepresent experiment material porosity, γwThe density of water is represented, V represents till
The volume of accumulation body.
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| CN108681651A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-19 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of EARLY RECOGNITION method of the moraine dike ice-lake breach of no ice core |
| CN109165436A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-08 | 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 | Method for measuring source quantity of modern moraine type marine glacier |
| CN110210173A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-06 | 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 | A kind of Method of fast estimating of moraine soil physical and mechanical parameter |
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| CN114511990A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-17 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow probability measuring and calculating method and debris flow multi-factor cooperative monitoring and early warning method |
| CN114511990B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-08-11 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow probability measuring and calculating method and debris flow multi-element collaborative monitoring and early warning method |
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| CN115083117A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-20 | 成都理工大学 | Early warning method for later-stage ice-water debris flow and application thereof |
| CN115083116A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-20 | 成都理工大学 | Early warning method for ice water debris flow in early stage of glacier ablation stage |
| CN115083116B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-08-01 | 成都理工大学 | Early warning method for ice water mud-rock flow in primary stage of glacier ablation period |
| CN115063948B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-08-04 | 成都理工大学 | Snow ablation period ice water mud-rock flow early warning method |
| CN115083117B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-08-04 | 成都理工大学 | Early warning method for later ice water mud-rock flow and application thereof |
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