CN108020460A - A kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus and its measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus and its measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108020460A CN108020460A CN201810112559.1A CN201810112559A CN108020460A CN 108020460 A CN108020460 A CN 108020460A CN 201810112559 A CN201810112559 A CN 201810112559A CN 108020460 A CN108020460 A CN 108020460A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000669069 Chrysomphalus aonidum Species 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus and its measuring method, it is related to civil engineering surveying apparatus field.The equipment includes reaction frame, hoisting jack, centering bearing plate, transmission rod, bottom bearing plate and scope, the reaction frame includes counter-force crossbeam, column, spiral steel pile, the hoisting jack carries hydralic pressure gauge, the corner of the centering bearing plate is provided with air-bubble level, the scope includes digital level and its matching used indium steel scale, and the indium steel scale is fixed on transmission rod by scale cuff.The use that the present invention passes through hydralic pressure gauge, effectively control the problem of making loading easily eccentric because of the presence of proving ring in the prior art, and the water-supply-pipe to soak to prospect pit is directly used as using transmission rod, reaction frame each several part is connected by screw bolts, installation and removal are simple, and provide counter-force Billy using the withdrawal resistance of spiral steel pile and the soil body conducts oneself with dignity offer counter-force more preferably with preloading.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to civil engineering surveying apparatus field, more particularly to a kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus and its survey
Amount method.
Background technology
Coefficient of collapsibility of loess is to evaluate the mechanics parameter of collapsibility of loess.Refer under a certain pressure, it is high before and after soil sample immersion
The ratio between difference and soil sample original height of degree, are an important indicators for evaluating collapsibility of loess.There are big face in NORTHWEST CHINA area
Product collapsible loess, but with the continuous development of economic construction, building large project in the Northwest can not avoid.Cause
This, tests construction site coefficient of collapsibility of loess, collapsibility evaluation is carried out to place, for the conceptual design and safety of engineering construction
Construct extremely important.
Current Chinese code of practice《Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone》(GB50025-2004) give three kinds of measurement loess
The test method of coefficient of collapsibility：Submerging test that interior compression is tested, scene is tested pits and live static load test.Interior compression is tested
Undisturbed soil sample is gathered with cutting ring, by using water-soaked and hierarchical loading, the deflection of soil sample is tested, so as to obtain the wet of loess
Fall into coefficient, but this method soil sample gather it is more demanding, it is difficult to avoid disturbance to soil sample in practical operation, and due to
Stress relieving and dimensional effect, the coefficient of collapsibility of loess measured differs larger with actual, or even cannot meet the need of engineering construction
Will.Scene submerging test of testing pits is generally used to determine the self-weight collapse coefficient of loess, and code requirement diameter of testing pits is no less than 10
Rice, hole bottom preferably spreads the sand of 100 millimeters thicks, gravel is used for levelling, also to carry out prolonged submerging test, therefore required testing expenses
It is very high, general less use.Live static load test is using single line method static load test or Double-Line Method static load test existing
The collapse initial compression and coefficient of collapsibility of field recognition collapsible loess, the result of the test measured is with being actually closer to, and required examination
Moderate cost is tested, more application is obtained in engineering.
Lack unified measuring apparatus in Practical Project test, each construction site uses respective instrument according to respective experience
Device is measured with method, is lacked normative, it is therefore necessary to research and develop a kind of special coefficient of collapsibility of loess test equipment.This is specially
The immediate prior art of profit is：Chinese invention patent application " a kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess layering in-situ testing device and test
Method ", application number：201710362531.9 application publication number：106989993 A of CN, data of publication of application：2017.07.28；
A kind of described coefficient of collapsibility of loess layering in-situ testing device and test method, including stent, proving ring, force transmission mechanism and hold
Press mechanism.Proving ring is set in this application between jack and force transmission mechanism, loads easily eccentric, test inaccuracy；Power transmission machine
Each section of structure uses flanged joint, assembled compared with labor intensive, is soaked by the water-supply-pipe of force transmission mechanism intermediate arrangement to prospect pit, in fact
The especially long water-supply-pipe of arrangement is required in the operation of border every time, time-consuming and laborious and tool acquires a certain degree of difficulty；Load mode uses top
The counter-force mechanism and jack of affixed clump weight are loaded, and the load maintainer is complicated heavy, and installation load maintainer needs big
Type machinery is lifted by crane, not only time-consuming and laborious but also have certain disturbance to soil layer in situ, increases measurement error.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve shortcoming existing in the prior art, and a kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess proposed is surveyed
Equipment and its measuring method are measured, measures coefficient of collapsibility of loess suitable for live static test, equipment is relatively easy.
To achieve these goals, present invention employs following technical solution：
A kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus, including reaction frame, hoisting jack, centering bearing plate, transmission rod,
Bottom bearing plate and scope, the reaction frame include counter-force crossbeam, column, spiral steel pile, the hoisting jack
Model QYL10T, and hydralic pressure gauge is carried, it is bent by pressure gauge reading on hydralic pressure gauge rating curve and the relation of jack ejecting force
Line can check in axial force size, and the corner of the centering bearing plate is provided with air-bubble level, and bottom centre has cylindrical right
Middle ring, by the bubble of four air-bubble levels situation placed in the middle, finely tunes transmission rod angle, makes transmission rod and prospect pit bottom water plane
Vertically, the upper surface center of the centering bearing plate has centering with reference to graduation mark, and the centering is with reference to graduation mark by multiple same
Heart circular scale line and central cross graduation mark composition, hoisting jack make using centering reference graduation mark as reference
The apical axis center line of hoisting jack and centering bearing plate center alignment, the transmission rod include top transmission rod and centre
Transmission rod, the cylinder of top transmission rod insertion centering bearing plate bottom is in middle ring, realizing the centering with centering bearing plate, institute
State cylinder to match middle ring with the top dimension of top transmission rod, top transmission rod can just be inserted, the bottom
Portion bearing plate top has the second recessed screw thread hole, i.e. group after the convex thread connecting pin of middle transmission rod is tightened with the second recessed screw thread hole
It is fitted together, the scope includes digital level and its matching used indium steel scale, the digital level model
For Suo Jia SDL1X, the indium steel scale model BIS30A, range is 1 meter, and the indium steel scale is fixed on by scale cuff
On transmission rod.
Further, the counter-force main body of cross-beam cross section of the counter-force crossbeam is rectangle, and depth-width ratio is 1.5 to 3, to ensure
Counter-force crossbeam has larger bending stiffness, prevents in measurement process in the middle part of counter-force crossbeam that amount of deflection is excessive and causes shadow to result of the test
Ring, the counter-force crossbeam has end expanding head, and bolt hole is provided with end expanding head, and the post end has horizontal with counter-force
The end expanding hook bolt hole site of beam and the matched bolt hole of size, the two is connected by high-strength bolts together, convenient
Assembly and disassembly, for the multigroup experiment in scene, save the time for assembling reaction frame, the column bottom and the spiral steel pile
It is connected by screw bolts, during the spiral steel pile is buried by machinery rotation, there is great withdrawal resistance, can be effective during experiment
Resist the top lift of hoisting jack.
Further, the top of the top transmission rod is solid to have a water filling port on side wall, from water filling port position
To the bottom of top transmission rod, among it to be hollow, water filling port is connected with water source, can be soaked by transmission rod into prospect pit,
The bottom of top transmission rod has a convex thread connecting pin, and the top of the middle transmission rod has the first recessed screw thread hole, among bar
To be hollow, easy to soak into prospect pit, bottom has convex thread connecting pin, the convex thread connecting pin of the top transmission rod and institute
The the first recessed screw thread hole for stating middle transmission rod matches, the convex thread connecting pin of the middle transmission rod and the first recessed screw thread hole phase
Matching need to only tighten connection, it can be achieved that the assembling splicing of more middle transmission rods until splicing to prospect pit bottom, splicing
End, not only splices than flanged joint simplicity, also more cost-effective, leakproofness is preferable after splicing.
Further, the bottom bearing plate bottom shape is circular or square that base area takes according to specification suggestion
0.5 square metre, be 79.8 centimetres if circular then basal diameter, is 70.7 centimetres if the square then bottom surface length of side, the bottom
There is the convex thread company in the second recessed screw thread hole, the second recessed screw thread hole and the middle transmission rod at the top centre of form of bearing plate
Connect end to match, the centre of the bottom bearing plate has permeable stone, can reduce water pressure, prevent the water in power transmission pipe from washing away spy
Loess in well, the bottom of bottom bearing plate has to be arrived around the symmetrical circular permeable hole of the centre of form, permeable hole a diameter of two
Five millimeters, current are sufficiently small when being soaked with guarantee into prospect pit, avoid current scour effect increase test error.
Further, the scale cuff includes fixing groove, retainer ring, fastening bolt holes and supporting bolt, the fixation
Groove shape matches with indium steel scale end shape, and indium steel scale can be fixed by being buckled in the both ends of indium steel scale, to mitigate fixing groove
Cause the paint that wears away of indium steel scale end, fixing groove inward flange can fasten with glue one layer of TR thin rubber film, the retainer ring with
Transmission rod size matches, and is made of the metal material mild steel with certain flexibility, in the supporting of the fastening bolt holes
In bolts and nuts rundown process, scale cuff is tightly fastened on transmission rod, so that indium steel scale is fixed on transmission rod
On.
Coefficient of collapsibility of loess is measured using above-mentioned coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus, is comprised the following steps：
(1) measured zone according to required for engineering site, carries out plan design, determines quantity and the position of measurement point
Put, and design the testing sequence of measurement point and fathom；
(2) in the point of required measurement, the spiral steel pile of reaction frame is installed according to measuring point relative position, according to needed for measurement point
Fathom and excavate prospect pit, the prospect pit length of side or diameter should be 3 times of the bottom bearing plate length of side or diameter, and prospect pit bottom is laid with 10 and arrives
Thick, the middle sand of 15 millimeters thicks is levelling, finally installs the column and counter-force crossbeam of reaction frame；
(3) the second recessed screw thread hole of bottom bearing plate is alignd and tightened with the convex thread connecting pin of middle transmission rod, and
Transmission rod among spreading section by section, until spreading, to prospect pit bottom, installation top transmission rod, then installs first on transmission rod
Scale cuff, is inserted into indium steel scale in the fixing groove of scale cuff after installing, then second scale cuff is sleeved on power transmission
On bar, scale cuff is moved along transmission rod, its fixing groove is buckled to the upper end of indium steel scale, then tightens the spiral shell in retainer ring
Screw bolt and nut, that is, reach the fixation to indium steel scale；
(4) by the top to middle ring alignment of top transmission rod of centering bearing plate, it is sleeved on the transmission rod of top, finely tunes power transmission
The direction of bar, makes the bubble of air-bubble level on four angles of centering bearing plate placed in the middle, hoisting jack is aligned centering
Centering at the top of bearing plate is placed on centering bearing plate with reference to graduation mark；
(5) before loading, bottom bearing plate areal calculation is multiplied by according to every grade of bottom bearing plate on-load pressure and goes out every grade of loading
Required axial compressive force, then by pressure gauge reading on the hydralic pressure gauge rating curve of hoisting jack and jack ejecting force
Relation curve, goes out the corresponding hydraulic pressure meter pressure of these axial compressive forces with interpolation method inverse, during every grade of loading, according to required hydralic pressure gauge
Pressure jacks hoisting jack, stops this grade loading when reaching required pressure, at regular intervals, utilizes digital water
Quasi- instrument surveys read record deflection, according to《Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone》(GB50025-2004) provide, every grade of pressurization increases
Amount is not preferably greater than 25kPa, and experiment termination pressure is no less than 200kPa, after every grade of pressurization, by every 15,15,15,15min it is each
Survey and read 1 deflection, be to be observed 1 time every 30min later, when in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, it is believed that
Bottom bearing plate, which sinks, has become stable, you can adds next stage pressure, after the test, calculates the measurement point and the loess that fathoms
Coefficient of collapsibility, coefficient of collapsibility adds the length of side of deflection divided by bottom bearing plate (if bottom bearing plate bottom surface is equal to loess
Circle, then take the square length of side equal with the circular area to be calculated as the length of side of bottom bearing plate), wherein under additional
After amount sink to add water-soaked prospect pit, compared with not soaking and loading when sinking is stablized, and the deflection produced, then according to specification
《Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone》(GB50025-2004) carry out collapsibility evaluation to loess；
(6) repeat step (2) to (5), measure the coefficient of collapsibility of other measuring points.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：Using the hydralic pressure gauge of hoisting jack institute band, interpolation is used
Hydraulic pressure meter pressure needed for the every grade of loading of method inverse, this load mode avoids to be needed in jack and power transmission machine in the prior art
Dynamometry instrument is set between structure, effectively controls the problem of easily eccentric during loading, reduces the probability of test failure, certain journey
Measurement expense has been saved on degree；Transmission rod is connected by the way of convex thread connecting pin is tightened with recessed screw thread hole, similar to bolt
Connection, more time saving and energy saving than flanged joint, transmission rod is to neutral also preferable；, can be directly as water delivery to be hollow among transmission rod
Pipe soaks into prospect pit, and without specially setting water-supply-pipe on force transmission mechanism again, experiment operability is simpler；Reaction frame
Counter-force crossbeam and column, column and spiral steel pile are connected by screw bolts, and installation and removal are simple；The counter-force of counter-force mechanism is main
There is provided by the withdrawal resistance of spiral steel pile and the soil body, the soil body can be screwed in by spiral steel pile by applying certain lower pressure and torque, be applied
Certain lifting force and opposing torque is added to extract spiral steel pile, it is small to soil disturbance, than in the prior art by preloading
Dead weight provide counterforce structure will simplicity, also there is no preloading it is eccentric the problem of.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure diagram of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is part A partial enlarged view in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is part B partial enlarged view in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is C portion partial enlarged view in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is bolted schematic diagram for counter-force beam-end；
Fig. 6 is centering bearing plate side view；
Fig. 7 is centering bearing plate top view；
Fig. 8 is centering bearing plate bottom schematic view；
Fig. 9 is top dowel bar structure schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is middle dowel bar structure schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is middle transmission rod top view；
Figure 12 is bottom bearing plate superstructure schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is bottom bearing plate substructure schematic diagram；
Figure 14 is bottom bearing plate side view；
Figure 15 is scale cuff structure schematic diagram；
In figure：1 counter-force crossbeam, 1a end expandings head, 1b counter-forces main body of cross-beam, 1c high-strength bolts, 2 columns, 3 spiral steel
It is stake, 4 middle transmission rods, 41 first recessed screw thread holes, 42 water injection pipes, 43 convex thread connecting pins, 5 top transmission rods, 6 prospect pits, 7 vertical
Hydraulic jack, 8 hydralic pressure gauges, 9 air-bubble levels, 10 centering bearing plates, 11 water filling ports, 12 pairs of middle rings, 13 scale cuffs, 131
It is fixing groove, 132 retainer rings, 133 fastening bolt holes, 14 indium steel scales, 15 bottom bearing plates, 151 second recessed screw thread holes, 152 saturating
Water stone, 153 permeable holes, 16 centerings are with reference to graduation mark.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Referring to figs. 1 to Figure 15, a kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus, including it is reaction frame, hoisting jack 7, right
Middle bearing plate 10, transmission rod, bottom bearing plate 15 and scope, the reaction frame include counter-force crossbeam 1, column 2, spiral steel
Stake 3, the 7 model QYL10T of hoisting jack, and hydralic pressure gauge 8 is carried, read by pressure gauge on 8 rating curve of hydralic pressure gauge
Number and the relation curve of jack ejecting force can check in axial force size, and the corner of the centering bearing plate 10 is provided with air-bubble
Level 9, bottom centre have cylinder to middle ring 12, by the bubble of four air-bubble levels 9 situation placed in the middle, finely tune transmission rod
Angle, makes transmission rod vertical with 6 bottom water plane of prospect pit, and the upper surface center of the centering bearing plate 10 has centering with reference to quarter
Line 16 is spent, the centering is made of with reference to graduation mark 16 multiple donut graduation marks and central cross graduation mark, vertical oil pressure
Jack 7 is reference with reference to graduation mark 16 with the centering, makes the apical axis center line and centering bearing plate of hoisting jack 7
10 center alignments, the transmission rod include top transmission rod 5 and middle transmission rod 4, and top transmission rod 5 is inserted into centering bearing plate 10
The cylinder of bottom is in middle ring 12, realizing the centering with centering bearing plate 10, and the cylinder is to middle ring 12 and top power transmission
The top dimension matching of bar 5, just can be inserted top transmission rod 5,15 top of bottom bearing plate has second
Recessed screw thread hole 151, the convex thread connecting pin 43 of middle transmission rod 4 fit together after being tightened with the second recessed screw thread hole 151, institute
Stating scope includes digital level and its matching used indium steel scale 14, the digital level model Suo Jia
SDL1X, the 14 model BIS30A of indium steel scale, range are 1 meter, and the indium steel scale 14 is fixed on by scale cuff 13
On transmission rod, the counter-force main body of cross-beam 1b cross sections of the counter-force crossbeam 1 are rectangle, and depth-width ratio is 1.5 to 3, to ensure counter-force
Crossbeam 1 has larger bending stiffness, prevents in measurement process that 1 middle part amount of deflection of counter-force crossbeam is excessive and causes shadow to result of the test
Ring, the counter-force crossbeam 1 has end expanding head 1a, is provided with bolt hole on end expanding head 1a, 2 end of column with
The matched bolt hole of end expanding head 1a bolt hole positions and dimensions of counter-force crossbeam 1, the two is connected by high-strength bolt 1c
Together, easy assembly and disassembly, for the multigroup experiment in scene, save the time of assembling reaction frame, 2 bottom of column with
The spiral steel pile 3 is connected by screw bolts, and during the spiral steel pile 3 is buried by machinery rotation, is had great withdrawal resistance, is tried
The top lift of hoisting jack 7 is effective against during testing, the top of the top transmission rod 5 is solid, on side wall
With a water filling port 11, from 11 position of water filling port to the bottom of top transmission rod 5, among it to be hollow, by water filling port 11 with
Water source connects, and can be soaked by transmission rod into prospect pit 6, the bottom of top transmission rod 5 has convex thread connecting pin 43, in described
Between the top of transmission rod 4 there is the first recessed screw thread hole 41, to be hollow among bar, easy to soak into prospect pit 6, bottom has convex spiral shell
Line connecting pin 43, the convex thread connecting pin 43 of the top transmission rod 5 and 41 phase of the first recessed screw thread hole of the middle transmission rod 4
Matching, the 43 and first recessed screw thread hole 41 of convex thread connecting pin of the middle transmission rod 4 matches, it can be achieved that power transmission among more
The assembling splicing of bar 4, connecting pin need to be only tightened until splicing to 6 bottom of prospect pit, splicing, not only spliced than flanged joint letter
Just, also more cost-effective, leakproofness is preferable after splicing, and 15 bottom shape of bottom bearing plate is circular or square, bottom surface face
Product takes 0.5 square metre according to specification suggestion, is 79.8 centimetres if circular then basal diameter, and if square, the bottom surface length of side is
70.7 centimetres, there is the second recessed screw thread hole 151, the second recessed screw thread hole 151 at the top centre of form of the bottom bearing plate 15
Matching with the convex thread connecting pin 43 of the middle transmission rod 4, the centre of the bottom bearing plate 15 has permeable stone 152,
Water pressure can be reduced, the loess for preventing the water in power transmission pipe from washing away in prospect pit 6, the bottom of bottom bearing plate 15, which has, surrounds the centre of form
Symmetrical circular permeable hole 153,153 a diameter of two to five millimeters of permeable hole, current foot when being soaked with guarantee into prospect pit 6
It is enough small, current scour effect increase test error is avoided, the scale cuff 13 includes fixing groove 131, retainer ring 132, fastening
Bolt hole 133 and supporting bolt, 131 shape of fixing groove match with 14 end shape of indium steel scale, are buckled in indium steel scale
14 both ends can fix indium steel scale 14, and paint, fixing groove are worn away for mitigate that fixing groove 131 causes 14 end of indium steel scale
131 inward flanges can fasten with glue one layer of TR thin rubber film, and the retainer ring 132 matches with transmission rod size, using with one
Fixed flexible metal material mild steel is made, in the supporting bolts and nuts rundown process of the fastening bolt holes 133, scale
Cuff 13 is tightly fastened on transmission rod, so that indium steel scale 14 is fixed on transmission rod.
Embodiment 1：
Coefficient of collapsibility of loess is measured using above-mentioned coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus, is comprised the following steps：
(1) measured zone according to required for engineering site, carries out plan design, determines quantity and the position of measurement point
Put, and design the testing sequence of measurement point and fathom；
(2) in the point of required measurement, the spiral steel pile 3 of reaction frame is installed according to measuring point relative position, according to measurement point institute
It need to fathom and excavate prospect pit 6,6 length of side of prospect pit or diameter should be 3 times of 15 length of side of bottom bearing plate or diameter, 6 bottom of prospect pit
Thick, the middle sand of 10 to 15 millimeters thicks of laying is levelling, finally installs the column 2 and counter-force crossbeam 1 of reaction frame；
(3) the second recessed screw thread hole 151 of bottom bearing plate 15 is alignd simultaneously with the convex thread connecting pin 43 of middle transmission rod 4
Tighten, and transmission rod 4 among spreading section by section, until spreading installs top transmission rod 5, then on transmission rod to 6 bottom of prospect pit
First scale cuff 13 is installed, indium steel scale 14 is inserted into the fixing groove 131 of scale cuff 13 after installing, then by second
A scale cuff 13 is sleeved on transmission rod, and scale cuff 13 is moved along transmission rod, its fixing groove 131 is buckled to indium steel scale 14
Upper end, then tighten the screw bolt and nut in retainer ring 132, that is, reach the fixation to indium steel scale 14；
(4) by the top to 12 alignment of top transmission rod 5 of middle ring of centering bearing plate 10, it is sleeved on the transmission rod 5 of top, it is micro-
The direction of transmission rod is adjusted, makes the bubble of air-bubble level 9 on 10 4 angles of centering bearing plate placed in the middle, by hoisting jack
The centering at 7 alignment centering bearing plate, 10 top is placed on centering bearing plate 10 with reference to graduation mark 16；
(5) before loading, bearing plate 15 areal calculation in bottom is multiplied by according to every grade of 15 on-load pressure of bottom bearing plate and goes out every grade
Axial compressive force needed for loading, then by pressure gauge reading on 8 rating curve of hydralic pressure gauge of hoisting jack 7 and jack top
The relation curve of output, goes out corresponding 8 pressure of hydralic pressure gauge of these axial compressive forces with interpolation method inverse, during every grade of loading, according to institute
Need 8 pressure of hydralic pressure gauge to jack hoisting jack 7, stop this grade loading when reaching required pressure, at regular intervals,
Read record deflection is surveyed using digital level, according to《Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone》(GB50025-2004) provide,
Every grade of pressurization increment is not preferably greater than 25kPa, and experiment termination pressure is no less than 200kPa, after every grade of pressurization, by every 15,15,
15th, 15min, which is respectively surveyed, reads 1 deflection, is to be observed 1 time every 30min later, when in continuous 2h, the deflection per 1h is less than
During 0.10mm, it is believed that bottom bearing plate 15 sinks to having become stable, you can add next stage pressure, after the test, calculate the measurement
The coefficient of collapsibility of point and the loess that fathoms, coefficient of collapsibility are equal to the length of side that loess adds deflection divided by bottom bearing plate 15
(if bearing plate 15 bottom surface in bottom is circle, takes the square length of side equal with the circular area as bottom bearing plate 15
The length of side is calculated), wherein after additional deflection is adds water-soaked prospect pit 6, compared with not soaking and loading when sinking is stablized, again
The deflection of generation, then according to specification《Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone》(GB50025-2004) carry out loess wet
Fall into property evaluation；
(6) repeat step (2) to (5), measure the coefficient of collapsibility of other measuring points.
Although above-mentioned be described the embodiment of the present invention with reference to attached drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art, which need not make the creative labor, to be done
The various modifications gone out or deformation are still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus, including reaction frame, hoisting jack, centering bearing plate, transmission rod, bottom
Portion's bearing plate and scope, it is characterised in that：The reaction frame includes counter-force crossbeam, column, spiral steel pile, the Vertical Oil
Jack model QYL10T is pressed, and carries hydralic pressure gauge, by pressure gauge reading on hydralic pressure gauge rating curve and jack ejecting force
Relation curve can check in axial force size, the corner of the centering bearing plate is provided with air-bubble level, and bottom centre has
Cylinder, by the bubble of four air-bubble levels situation placed in the middle, finely tunes transmission rod angle, makes transmission rod and prospect pit bottom to middle ring
Portion's horizontal plane, the upper surface center of the centering bearing plate have centering with reference to graduation mark, and the centering is with reference to graduation mark
Be made of multiple donut graduation marks and central cross graduation mark, hoisting jack using the centering with reference to graduation mark as
Reference, the apical axis center line and centering bearing plate center alignment, the transmission rod for making hoisting jack include top power transmission
Bar and middle transmission rod, the cylinder of top transmission rod insertion centering bearing plate bottom is in middle ring, realizing and centering bearing plate
Centering, the cylinder matches middle ring with the top dimension of top transmission rod, top transmission rod is inserted into it
In, the bottom bearing plate top has the second recessed screw thread hole, the convex thread connecting pin of middle transmission rod and the second recessed screw thread hole
Fitted together after tightening, the scope includes digital level and its matching used indium steel scale, the numeral
Spirit level model Suo Jia SDL1X, the indium steel scale model BIS30A, range is 1 meter, and the indium steel scale passes through scale
Cuff is fixed on transmission rod.
A kind of 2. coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The counter-force crossbeam it is anti-
Power main body of cross-beam cross section is rectangle, and depth-width ratio is 1.5 to 3, and the counter-force crossbeam has an end expanding head, on end expanding head
Bolt hole is provided with, the post end has and the end expanding hook bolt hole site of counter-force crossbeam and the matched bolt of size
Hole, the two is connected by high-strength bolts together, and the column bottom is connected by screw bolts with the spiral steel pile, the spiral shell
During rotation piling bar is buried by machinery rotation, there is great withdrawal resistance, hoisting jack is effective against during experiment
Top lift.
A kind of 3. coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The top transmission rod
Top has a water filling port to be solid on side wall, from water filling port position to the bottom of top transmission rod, among it to be hollow,
Water filling port is connected with water source, can be soaked by transmission rod into prospect pit, the bottom of top transmission rod has convex thread connecting pin,
The top of the middle transmission rod has the first recessed screw thread hole, is hollow among bar, and easy to soak into prospect pit, bottom has convex
First recessed screw thread hole of threaded ends, the convex thread connecting pin of the top transmission rod and the middle transmission rod matches,
The convex thread connecting pin of the middle transmission rod and the first recessed screw thread hole match, it can be achieved that the assembling of transmission rod is spelled among more
Connect, until splicing to prospect pit bottom.
A kind of 4. coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The bottom bearing plate bottom
Face shape is circular or square, and base area takes 0.5 square metre, be 79.8 if circular then basal diameter according to specification suggestion
Centimetre, it is 70.7 centimetres if the square then bottom surface length of side, there is the second recessed screw thread hole at the top centre of form of the bottom bearing plate,
The second recessed screw thread hole and the convex thread connecting pin of the middle transmission rod match, and the centre of the bottom bearing plate has
Permeable stone, can reduce water pressure, prevent the water in power transmission pipe from washing away the loess in prospect pit, and the bottom of bottom bearing plate, which has, to be surrounded
The symmetrical circular permeable hole of the centre of form, a diameter of two to five millimeters of permeable hole, current are enough when being soaked with guarantee into prospect pit
It is small, avoid current scour effect increase test error.
A kind of 5. coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The scale cuff includes
Fixing groove, retainer ring, fastening bolt holes and supporting bolt, the fixed groove shape match with indium steel scale end shape, button
Indium steel scale can be fixed at the both ends of indium steel scale, paint, fixing groove are worn away for mitigate that fixing groove causes indium steel scale end
Inward flange can fasten with glue one layer of TR thin rubber film, and the retainer ring matches with transmission rod size, using with certain flexibility
Metal material mild steel be made, in the supporting bolts and nuts rundown process of the fastening bolt holes, scale cuff is tightly
Ground is fastened on transmission rod, so that indium steel scale is fixed on transmission rod.
6. a kind of method of the coefficient of collapsibility of loess measuring apparatus measurement coefficient of collapsibility of loess described in usage right requirement 5, it is special
Sign is, comprises the steps of：
(1) measured zone according to required for engineering site, carries out plan design, determines quantity and the position of measurement point, and
Design the testing sequence of measurement point and fathom；
(2) in the point of required measurement, the spiral steel pile of reaction frame is installed according to measuring point relative position, is measured according to needed for measurement point
Depth excavates prospect pit, and the prospect pit length of side or diameter should be 3 times of the bottom bearing plate length of side or diameter, and prospect pit bottom is laid with 10 to 15 millis
Thick thick, the middle sand of rice is levelling, finally installs the column and counter-force crossbeam of reaction frame；
(3) the second recessed screw thread hole of bottom bearing plate is alignd and tightened with the convex thread connecting pin of middle transmission rod, and section by section
Transmission rod among spreading, until spreading, to prospect pit bottom, installation top transmission rod, then installs first scale on transmission rod
Cuff, is inserted into indium steel scale in the fixing groove of scale cuff after installing, then second scale cuff is sleeved on transmission rod,
Move scale cuff along transmission rod, its fixing groove is buckled to the upper end of indium steel scale, then tighten bolt in retainer ring and
Nut, that is, reach the fixation to indium steel scale；
(4) by the top to middle ring alignment of top transmission rod of centering bearing plate, it is sleeved on the transmission rod of top, finely tunes transmission rod
Direction, makes the bubble of air-bubble level on four angles of centering bearing plate placed in the middle, and hoisting jack is aligned centering pressure-bearing
Centering at the top of plate is placed on centering bearing plate with reference to graduation mark；
(5) load before, according to every grade of bottom bearing plate on-load pressure be multiplied by bottom bearing plate areal calculation go out every grade loading needed for
Axial compressive force, then by pressure gauge reading on the hydralic pressure gauge rating curve of hoisting jack and the relation of jack ejecting force
Curve, goes out the corresponding hydraulic pressure meter pressure of these axial compressive forces with interpolation method inverse, during every grade of loading, according to required hydraulic pressure meter pressure
Hoisting jack is jacked, stops this grade loading when reaching required pressure, at regular intervals, utilizes digital level
Read record deflection is surveyed, according to《Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone》(GB50025-2004) provide, every grade of pressurization increment is not
Preferably greater than 25kPa, experiment termination pressure are no less than 200kPa, after every grade of pressurization, reading 1 are respectively surveyed by every 15,15,15,15min
Secondary deflection, is to be observed 1 time every 30min later, when in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, it is believed that bottom
Bearing plate, which sinks, has become stable, you can adds next stage pressure, after the test, calculates the measurement point and the wet of loess that fathom
Fall into coefficient, coefficient of collapsibility be equal to loess add deflection divided by bottom bearing plate the length of side (if bottom bearing plate bottom surface is circle,
The square length of side equal with the circular area is then taken to be calculated as the length of side of bottom bearing plate), wherein additional deflection
After adding water-soaked prospect pit, compared with not soaking and loading when sinking is stablized, and the deflection produced, then according to specification《It is wet
Fall into property Canal in Loess Area construction standards》(GB50025-2004) carry out collapsibility evaluation to loess；
(6) repeat step (2) to (5), measure the coefficient of collapsibility of other measuring points.
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| CN109238867A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-18 | 湖北省路桥集团有限公司 | Coefficient of collapsibility measuring device in place in situ and Double-Line Method coefficient of collapsibility test method |
| CN109238866A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-18 | 湖北省路桥集团有限公司 | The measurement method of the direct measuring device of coefficient of collapsibility and coefficient of collapsibility of loess in hole |
| CN109374417A (en) * | 2018-09-22 | 2019-02-22 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | A kind of concrete test block centralising device and method |
| CN109520839A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-26 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of shield tunnel screwed joint tensile property multifunction test device |
| CN112729046A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 嘉兴学院 | Device for detecting height deviation of columnar workpiece |
| CN117647443A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-03-05 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Loess hole inner collapse coefficient testing device and method |
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| CN109238866A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-18 | 湖北省路桥集团有限公司 | The measurement method of the direct measuring device of coefficient of collapsibility and coefficient of collapsibility of loess in hole |
| CN109238867B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-08-11 | 湖北省路桥集团有限公司 | In-situ field collapse coefficient measuring device and two-wire method collapse coefficient test method |
| CN109238866B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2024-04-26 | 湖北省路桥集团有限公司 | Direct measurement device for in-hole collapse coefficient and measurement method for loess collapse coefficient |
| CN109520839A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-26 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of shield tunnel screwed joint tensile property multifunction test device |
| CN109520839B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2023-12-15 | 西南交通大学 | Multifunctional test method for tensile property of shield tunnel bolt joint |
| CN112729046A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 嘉兴学院 | Device for detecting height deviation of columnar workpiece |
| CN117647443A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-03-05 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Loess hole inner collapse coefficient testing device and method |
| CN117647443B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Loess hole inner collapse coefficient testing device and method |
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