CN108011121B - Microbial electrochemical system comprising air cathode with complete immersion operation - Google Patents
Microbial electrochemical system comprising air cathode with complete immersion operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108011121B CN108011121B CN201711140562.6A CN201711140562A CN108011121B CN 108011121 B CN108011121 B CN 108011121B CN 201711140562 A CN201711140562 A CN 201711140562A CN 108011121 B CN108011121 B CN 108011121B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
A microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with a fully submerged operation relates to a microbial electrochemical system. The air cathode can not obtain sufficient oxygen and bear water pressure, the air cathode is deformed, and the adverse environment influences the normal operation of the microbial fuel cell. The system consists of a flat plate closed air cathode module and an anode; the anodes are arranged on one side or two sides of the flat plate closed air cathode module in parallel; or consists of a cylindrical closed air cathode module and a tubular anode; the tubular anode is sleeved outside the cylindrical sealed air cathode module. The invention can obtain sufficient oxygen supply so as to obtain higher electricity production performance, solves the water pressure problem and reoxygenation problem in the microbial fuel cell system, and avoids the influence of atmospheric environment because the air cathode is operated in a complete immersion way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microbial electrochemical system.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, a large amount of pollutants enter the environmental water body, and the serious water environment pollution problem is caused. China is a big country for sewage discharge, the total discharge amount is continuously rising, and according to the statistical data of a national environmental statistics bulletin in 2013 published in 2014, the annual discharge amount of sewage (waste water) in China is more than 695.4 hundred million tons, wherein the discharge amount of sewage with chemical oxygen demand containing organic pollutants is 2352.7 million tons. In the face of severe water environment situation, the country continuously increases treatment force, establishes stricter emission and emission reduction standards, but the energy consumption and cost of water treatment are continuously increased, so that the water treatment industry with high energy consumption faces new challenges.
However, wastewater is a good energy source and resource, and the potential and chemical energy contained in wastewater is about 10 times of the energy consumption for treating sewage. At present, the potential of sewage generated every day in the world is equivalent to the energy of 1 hundred million tons of standard fuel oil, and if the wastewater pollutant removal, synchronous resource utilization and energy development can be realized, the electric energy consumption can be saved by 10% for the society. Therefore, the development of sewage energy self-supply systems is gradually receiving extensive attention and attention all over the world. From the current international development trend, the function of a sewage treatment plant is being changed from simple pollutant reduction to resource and energy plants, meanwhile, related policies, standards, technologies, practices and the like are also being widely and deeply changed, and the improvement and improvement taking a new concept and a new process of a sewage treatment process as a core are bound to be important.
A bio-electrochemical system, i.e., a microbial fuel cell technology, is a device capable of directly converting chemical energy in organic matter into electric energy by directly utilizing the catalytic action of microorganisms, and has a great deal of advantages of generating clean energy electric energy, efficiently degrading organic pollutants, and the like, and thus has attracted extensive attention in the fields of energy, environment, and wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, in the field of water treatment, the technology thoroughly changes the mode of water treatment, fundamentally solves the international problem of excess sludge, belongs to the subversive technology in the field of water treatment and is highly valued.
In a microbial fuel cell system, an air cathode is widely used due to its higher current density and the ability to achieve a more compact stack form. In the air cathode microbial fuel cell system, anode microbes take electrons from organic or inorganic substances in wastewater and transfer the electrons to a cathode catalyst layer through an anode plate and an external circuit. Oxygen entering from the cathode diffusion layer is used as an electron acceptor to perform oxygen reduction reaction on the catalytic layer. The oxygen reduction rate of the cathode is generally considered to be the rate limiting step in microbial fuel cell systems. In practical application systems, the area of the air cathode that can be installed per unit volume of space is considered to directly affect the ultimate water treatment efficiency and electricity generation efficiency of the battery system.
Wherein the pressure bearing capacity and oxygen enrichment rate of the air cathode are one of the challenges for the practical application of the technology. In an air cathode microbial electrochemical system, a cathode needs to be divided into two phases of gas and water and needs to work under higher water pressure; in order to ensure the volume current and the power density of the microbial electrochemical system, the air cathode needs to reduce the distance as much as possible so as to increase the filling area of the cathode in the microbial electrochemical system. Therefore, under such a requirement, the adjacent air cathodes may not obtain sufficient oxygen because the spacing is too small. To increase the specific surface area of the cathode, a densely packed combination is widely used by researchers. In a densely packed configuration, multiple modules are built into the system, with close proximity and reduced spacing between modules to improve space utilization. Densely packed battery systems can achieve higher power density output, but still face challenges in practical applications. In an application-oriented system. Under these conditions, the air cathode needs to withstand water pressure up to a depth of one or several meters. Under which the air cathode will inevitably deform and thus affect the performance of the cathode. At the same time, the narrow spacing between the modules also acts as an obstacle to the extraction of oxygen from the air. Conversely, if a larger adjacent cathode spacing is employed between modules, it is necessary to sacrifice cathode specific surface area in the battery system and volumetric power of the battery system. Meanwhile, the operation of the air cathode directly exposed to the atmospheric environment is adversely affected by the severe operating environment in the sewage treatment structure and the ambient environmental changes such as temperature reduction, precipitation, sand dust and the like. To date, no report has been made on solving these technical problems in a microbial fuel cell system. Moreover, the air cathode is exposed to the atmospheric environment, so that the surface of the air cathode is wet, drenched, dusty, aged or attached with pollutants, and the normal operation of the microbial fuel cell is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode which is completely immersed in water, and aims to solve the problems that in an existing microbial electrochemical system in a dense stack combination form, the filling area of the air cathode in the microbial electrochemical system is increased, so that the space between modules in the system is reduced, and further the air cathode cannot obtain sufficient oxygen, the existing air cathode cannot bear water pressure, so that the air cathode is deformed, and the severe environment influences the normal operation of a microbial fuel cell.
The invention comprises a microbial electrochemical system with a fully submerged operating air cathode, consisting of a flat closed air cathode module and an anode; the anodes are arranged on one side or two sides of the flat plate closed air cathode module in parallel;
the flat-plate closed air cathode module consists of at least one air inlet pipe, at least one air outlet pipe, a support plate frame, a flaky air cathode, a flow guide net and a cover plate; the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the upper frame and the outer surface of the lower frame of the support plate frame and are respectively communicated with the inner part of the support plate frame; the cover plate, the support plate frame, the flow guide net and the flaky air cathode are sequentially arranged in parallel, and the edges among the cover plate, the support plate frame, the flow guide net and the flaky air cathode are sealed through elastic sealing gaskets;
the cover plate is made of an insulated metal plate, PE, PC, PP or PVC;
or the flat plate closed air cathode module consists of at least one air inlet pipe, at least one air outlet pipe, a support plate frame, two flaky air cathodes and two diversion nets; the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the upper frame and the outer surface of the lower frame of the support plate frame and are respectively communicated with the inner part of the support plate frame; one of the flaky air cathodes, one of the flow guide nets, the support plate frame, the other flow guide net and the other flaky air cathode are sequentially arranged in parallel;
the edges among the flaky air cathode, the flow guide net and the support plate frame are sealed by elastic sealing gaskets; the elastic sealing gasket is made of natural rubber, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, fluorinated rubber, silicone sealant or silica gel sealant;
the support plate frame is rectangular, square or trapezoidal;
the frame of the support plate frame is 0.5-10 cm in thickness and 0.1-10 cm in width;
the material of the flow guide net is engineering plastic or metal;
the flaky air cathode is a metal-based cathode or a carbon fiber cloth-based cathode; the metal-based cathode is a porous metal cathode or a net-shaped metal cathode;
the anode is a flat plate anode, a flat plate porous anode or a carbon brush group;
the flat plate anode is made of a conductive carbon-based material or a conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material;
the flat porous anode is made of a porous conductive carbon-based material or a porous conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material;
the conductive carbon-based material is carbon fiber cloth, carbon felt or activated carbon;
the metal-based material is tungsten, titanium or stainless steel;
the carbon brush group is a plane carbon brush group consisting of a plurality of carbon brushes arranged in parallel;
the elastic sealing gasket is used for ensuring that the cover plate, the support plate frame and the flaky air cathode are well attached to each other, so that the air cathode module is sealed;
the cover plate is arranged for preventing sewage from entering the plate frame main body, and is made of an insulating material resistant to water corrosion;
the shape of the support plate frame is determined according to the shape of the section of a sewage structure suitable for actual immersion operation; the frame thickness of the support plate frame is required to meet the sealing after the attachment, and the frame width of the support plate frame is set to meet the requirement of the space for gas circulation; the support plate frame is used for separating adjacent cathodes to prevent short circuit, adjusting the cathode spacing and playing a basic support role in the flat-plate closed air cathode module;
the flat-plate closed air cathode module has good waterproof capacity and good sealing performance, and cannot leak in sewage so that a large amount of sewage permeates into a gas chamber of the cathode module; the gas source of the air inlet pipe in the flat-plate airtight air cathode module is an aeration pump, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe can update the gas inside the flat-plate airtight air cathode module and maintain the oxygen concentration, and the air outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the module and can discharge a small amount of accidentally leaked sewage while discharging the gas. In the operation process, the flat-plate sealed air cathode module can adapt to structures with different depths; after the installation depth of the cathode module is determined, the air pressure led to the air inlet pipe of the cathode module is adjusted to enable the air pressure inside the cathode module and the liquid pressure outside the cathode module to be in a balanced or nearly balanced state all the time, so that the water pressure bearing capacity of the flat-plate sealed air cathode module is ensured;
the thickness of the flow guide net is close to the width of the support plate frame, and the flow guide net is arranged between the sheet air cathode and the support plate frame to provide internal support for the sheet air cathode and avoid the sheet air cathode from deforming after immersed operation; the gas in the flat-plate closed air cathode module is uniformly diffused, and the cathodes on two sides are prevented from contacting;
the sheet air cathode is arranged for separating the support plate frame from sewage, so that the sewage is prevented from entering the support plate frame and catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction;
the invention comprises a microbial electrochemical system with a fully submerged operating air cathode, which may also be composed of a cylindrical closed air cathode module and a tubular anode; the tubular anode is sleeved outside the cylindrical sealed air cathode module, and the axes of the cylindrical sealed air cathode module and the tubular anode are superposed;
the cylindrical closed air cathode module consists of a tubular plate frame, a cathode tube hoop, a tubular air cathode, at least one upper end air inlet pipe, at least one lower end air outlet pipe and a tube wall supporting strip;
the pipe wall of the tubular plate frame is hollow, sealing cover plates are arranged at two ends of the tubular plate frame, the upper-end air inlet pipe and the lower-end air outlet pipe are respectively perpendicular to the sealing cover plates arranged at two ends of the tubular plate frame, and the upper-end air inlet pipe and the lower-end air outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the interior of the tubular plate frame; a plurality of pipe wall supporting strips are radially arranged in the tubular plate frame; the tubular air cathode is sleeved on the cylindrical surface of the tubular plate frame, and the cathode tube hoops are sleeved at two ends of the tubular air cathode;
the edge between the tubular air cathode and the cylindrical surface of the tubular plate frame is sealed by an elastic sealing gasket; the elastic sealing gasket is made of natural rubber, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, fluorinated rubber, silicone sealant or silica gel sealant;
the tubular air cathode is a metal-based cathode or a carbon fiber cloth-based cathode; the metal-based cathode is a porous metal cathode or a net-shaped metal cathode;
the tubular anode is a tubular conductive carbon-based material, a tubular conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material, a tubular porous conductive carbon-based material, a tubular porous conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material or a tubular carbon brush group;
the conductive carbon-based material is carbon fiber cloth, carbon felt or activated carbon;
the metal-based material is tungsten, titanium or stainless steel;
the tubular carbon brush group is formed by encircling a plurality of carbon brushes arranged in parallel at intervals;
wherein, the sealing cover plate is arranged for preventing sewage from entering the plate frame main body;
the tubular air cathode is arranged for separating the tubular plate frame from the sewage, so that the sewage is prevented from entering the tubular plate frame and catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction;
the shape of the tubular plate frame is determined according to the shape of the section of a sewage structure suitable for actual submerged operation; the frame thickness of the tubular plate frame is required to meet the sealing after the fitting, and the frame width of the tubular plate frame is set to meet the requirement of the space for gas circulation; the tubular plate frame and the pipe wall support bars are used for separating adjacent cathodes to prevent short circuit, adjusting the cathode spacing and playing a basic supporting role in the cylindrical closed air cathode module;
the cylindrical closed air cathode module has good waterproof capacity and good sealing performance, and cannot leak in sewage so that a large amount of sewage permeates into a gas chamber of the cathode module; the gas source of the upper end air inlet pipe in the cylindrical sealed air cathode module is an aeration pump, the upper end air inlet pipe and the lower end air outlet pipe can complete gas updating in the cylindrical sealed air cathode module and maintain oxygen concentration, and the lower end air outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the module and can discharge a small amount of accidentally leaked sewage while discharging gas. In the operation process, the cylindrical sealed air cathode module can adapt to structures with different depths; after the installation depth of the cathode module is determined, the air pressure of the air inlet pipe leading to the upper end of the cathode module is adjusted to enable the air pressure inside the cathode module and the liquid pressure outside the cathode module to be in a balanced or nearly balanced state all the time, and the water pressure bearing capacity of the cylindrical closed air cathode module is ensured;
the elastic sealing gasket is used for ensuring good fit between the tubular air cathode and the tubular plate frame, so that the air cathode module is sealed;
the tube wall support bars are radially arranged in the tubular plate frame, so that the stability of the whole tubular plate frame is enhanced, and gas circulation in the tubular plate frame can be ensured;
the invention has the following beneficial effects;
the present invention addresses the problems of water pressure and large scale cathode surface oxygen capture faced by air cathode microbial fuel cell systems in practical wastewater treatment environments, developing a microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with fully submerged operation. The system makes the adjacent air cathode into a closed cathode module, an air thin layer is formed inside the closed cathode module by adjusting the air inlet rate of the air inlet pipe and the pressure of the air inlet pipe, after the air pressure of the air thin layer is balanced with the water pressure outside the cathode module, the cathode is always under the balanced pressure of the air and the water, and the cathode can obtain sufficient oxygen supply by controlling the air exchange between the air thin layer and the outside. The flowable pressure-bearing air thin layer can also uniformly provide oxygen for the surface of the cathode, and the partial pressure of the oxygen on the surface of the cathode can be increased, so that higher electricity generation performance is obtained. Therefore, the system successfully solves the problem of water pressure in the microbial fuel cell system and solves the problem of reoxygenation on the basis of maintaining a high specific cathode surface area, and the closed cathode module is arranged so that the system can be suitable for operation at various practical depths. Meanwhile, the air cathode is operated in a completely immersed mode, so that the phenomenon that the normal operation of the microbial fuel cell is influenced due to the fact that the surface of the air cathode is wet, drenched, dusty, aged or attached with pollutants when the air cathode is exposed in the atmospheric environment is avoided.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial electrochemical system of the present invention, wherein anodes 2 are arranged in parallel on two sides of a flat closed air cathode module 1, and the anodes 2 are flat anodes;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial electrochemical system of the present invention, wherein anodes 2 are disposed in parallel on two sides of a flat closed air cathode module 1, and the anodes 2 are flat porous anodes;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial electrochemical system of the present invention, in which anodes 2 are disposed in parallel on two sides of a flat plate sealed air cathode module 1, and the anodes 2 are carbon brush sets;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat plate sealed air cathode module 1 provided with a sheet-shaped air cathode 14, a current-guiding net 15 and a cover plate 16;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a flat closed air cathode module 1 provided with two sheet-shaped air cathodes 14 and two current-conducting nets 15;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rectangular support plate frame 13 in the flat closed air cathode module 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the tubular plate frame 31 in the cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3;
FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a microbial electrochemical system according to the present invention, which is composed of a cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3 and a tubular anode 4, wherein the tubular anode 4 is a tubular conductive carbon-based material;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial electrochemical system of the present invention, which is composed of a cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3 and a tubular anode 4; the tubular anode 4 is a tubular porous conductive carbon-based material;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial electrochemical system according to the present invention, which is composed of a cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3 and a tubular anode 4; the tubular anode 4 is a tubular carbon brush set.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 6, and the microbial electrochemical system including the air cathode in the fully submerged operation of the embodiment is composed of a flat-plate sealed air cathode module 1 and an anode 2; the anode 2 is arranged on one side or two sides of the flat-plate closed air cathode module 1 in parallel;
the flat-plate closed air cathode module 1 is composed of at least one air inlet pipe 11, at least one air outlet pipe 12, a support plate frame 13, a sheet-shaped air cathode 14, a flow guide net 15 and a cover plate 16; the air inlet pipe 11 and the air outlet pipe 12 are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the upper frame and the outer surface of the lower frame of the support plate frame 13, and the air inlet pipe 11 and the air outlet pipe 12 are respectively communicated with the interior of the support plate frame 13; the cover plate 16, the support plate frame 13, the flow guide net 15 and the flaky air cathode 14 are sequentially arranged in parallel, and the edges among the cover plate 16, the support plate frame 13, the flow guide net 15 and the flaky air cathode 14 are sealed through elastic sealing gaskets; the cover plate 16 is made of an insulated metal plate, PE, PC, PP or PVC;
or the flat plate closed air cathode module 1 is composed of at least one air inlet pipe 11, at least one air outlet pipe 12, a support plate frame 13, two sheet-shaped air cathodes 14 and two flow guide nets 15; the air inlet pipe 11 and the air outlet pipe 12 are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the upper frame and the outer surface of the lower frame of the support plate frame 13, and the air inlet pipe 11 and the air outlet pipe 12 are respectively communicated with the interior of the support plate frame 13; one of the flaky air cathodes 14, one of the flow guide nets 15, the support plate frame 13, the other flow guide net 15 and the other flaky air cathode 14 are sequentially arranged in parallel;
the edges among the sheet-shaped air cathode 14, the flow guide net 15 and the support plate frame 13 are sealed through elastic sealing gaskets.
The present embodiment has the following advantageous effects;
the present embodiments address the issues of water pressure and large scale cathode surface oxygen capture faced by air cathode microbial fuel cell systems in practical wastewater treatment environments, developing microbial electrochemical systems comprising air cathodes with fully submerged operation. The system makes the adjacent air cathode into a closed cathode module, an air thin layer is formed inside the closed cathode module by adjusting the air inlet rate of the air inlet pipe and the pressure of the air inlet pipe, after the air pressure of the air thin layer is balanced with the water pressure outside the cathode module, the cathode is always under the balanced pressure of the air and the water, and the cathode can obtain sufficient oxygen supply by controlling the air exchange between the air thin layer and the outside. The flowable pressure-bearing air thin layer can also uniformly provide oxygen for the surface of the cathode, and the partial pressure of the oxygen on the surface of the cathode can be increased, so that higher electricity generation performance is obtained. Therefore, the system successfully solves the problem of water pressure in the microbial fuel cell system and solves the problem of reoxygenation on the basis of maintaining a high specific cathode surface area, and the closed cathode module is arranged so that the system can be suitable for operation at various practical depths. Meanwhile, the air cathode in the embodiment is operated in a completely immersed mode, so that the phenomenon that the normal operation of the microbial fuel cell is influenced due to the fact that the air cathode is exposed in the atmospheric environment and the surface of the air cathode is wet, drenched, dusty, aged or attached with pollutants is avoided.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the sheet-shaped air cathode 14 is a metal-based cathode or a carbon fiber cloth-based cathode. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the metal-based cathode is a porous metal cathode or a mesh-shaped metal cathode. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the anode 2 is a flat plate anode, a flat plate porous anode or a carbon brush group; the carbon brush group is a plane carbon brush group formed by a plurality of carbon brushes arranged in parallel. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the flat porous anode is made of a porous conductive carbon-based material or a porous conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material. Other steps and parameters are the same as in embodiment four.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the elastic sealing gasket is made of natural rubber, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, fluorinated rubber, silicone sealant or silica gel sealant. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the shape of the support plate frame 13 is rectangular, square or trapezoidal. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the thickness of the frame of the support plate frame 13 is 0.5-10 cm, and the width is 0.1-10 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the material of the flow guide net 15 is engineering plastics or metal. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the flat plate anode is made of a conductive carbon-based material or a conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material. Other steps and parameters are the same as in embodiment four.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: the conductive carbon-based material is carbon fiber cloth, carbon felt or activated carbon. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode twelve: the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: the metal-based material is tungsten, titanium or stainless steel. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is thirteen: the present embodiment, which comprises a microbial electrochemical system with an air cathode in full submerged operation, is described with reference to fig. 7 to 11, and is composed of a cylindrical closed air cathode module 3 and a tubular anode 4; the tubular anode 4 is sleeved outside the cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3, and the axes of the cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3 and the tubular anode 4 are superposed;
the cylindrical sealed air cathode module 3 consists of a tubular plate frame 31, a cathode pipe hoop 32, a tubular air cathode 33, at least one upper end air inlet pipe 34, at least one lower end air outlet pipe 35 and a pipe wall support strip 36;
the tube wall of the tubular plate frame 31 is hollow, sealing cover plates 37 are arranged at two ends of the tubular plate frame 31, an upper end air inlet tube 34 and a lower end air outlet tube 35 are respectively perpendicular to the sealing cover plates 37 arranged at two ends of the tubular plate frame 31, and the upper end air inlet tube 34 and the lower end air outlet tube 35 are respectively communicated with the inside of the tubular plate frame 31; a plurality of tube wall support bars 36 are radially arranged in the tubular plate frame 31; the tubular air cathode 33 is sleeved on the cylindrical surface of the tubular plate frame 31, and the cathode tube hoop 32 is sleeved at two ends of the tubular air cathode 33;
the edge between the tubular air cathode 33 and the cylindrical surface of the tubular plate frame 31 is sealed by an elastic sealing gasket;
the elastic sealing gasket is made of natural rubber, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, fluorinated rubber, silicone sealant or silica gel sealant.
The present embodiment has the following advantageous effects;
the present embodiments address the issues of water pressure and large scale cathode surface oxygen capture faced by air cathode microbial fuel cell systems in practical wastewater treatment environments, developing microbial electrochemical systems comprising air cathodes with fully submerged operation. The system makes the adjacent air cathode into a closed cathode module, an air thin layer is formed inside the closed cathode module by adjusting the air inlet rate of the air inlet pipe and the pressure of the air inlet pipe, after the air pressure of the air thin layer is balanced with the water pressure outside the cathode module, the cathode is always under the balanced pressure of the air and the water, and the cathode can obtain sufficient oxygen supply by controlling the air exchange between the air thin layer and the outside. The flowable pressure-bearing air thin layer can also uniformly provide oxygen for the surface of the cathode, and the partial pressure of the oxygen on the surface of the cathode can be increased, so that higher electricity generation performance is obtained. Therefore, the system successfully solves the problem of water pressure in the microbial fuel cell system and solves the problem of reoxygenation on the basis of maintaining a high specific cathode surface area, and the closed cathode module is arranged so that the system can be suitable for operation at various practical depths. Meanwhile, the air cathode in the embodiment is operated in a completely immersed mode, so that the phenomenon that the normal operation of the microbial fuel cell is influenced due to the fact that the air cathode is exposed in the atmospheric environment and the surface of the air cathode is wet, drenched, dusty, aged or attached with pollutants is avoided.
The specific implementation mode is fourteen: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment by thirteen: the tubular air cathode 33 is a metal-based cathode or a carbon fiber cloth-based cathode. The other steps and parameters are the same as in embodiment thirteen.
The concrete implementation mode is fifteen: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in the fourteenth aspect: the metal-based cathode is a porous metal cathode or a mesh-shaped metal cathode. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the fourteenth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is sixteen: this embodiment is different from one of the thirteenth to fifteenth embodiments in that: the tubular anode 4 is a tubular conductive carbon-based material, a tubular conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material, a tubular porous conductive carbon-based material, a tubular porous conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material or a tubular carbon brush set; the tubular carbon brush group is formed by encircling a plurality of carbon brushes arranged in parallel at intervals. The other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the thirteenth to fifteenth embodiments.
Seventeenth embodiment: this embodiment is sixteen different from the specific embodiment: the conductive carbon-based material is carbon fiber cloth, carbon felt or activated carbon; the metal-based material is tungsten, titanium or stainless steel. The other steps and parameters are the same as the embodiment sixteen.
Claims (10)
1. A microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode having a fully submerged operation, characterized by: the system consists of a flat plate closed air cathode module (1) and an anode (2); the anode (2) is arranged on one side or two sides of the flat-plate closed air cathode module (1) in parallel;
the flat-plate closed air cathode module (1) is composed of at least one air inlet pipe (11), at least one air outlet pipe (12), a support plate frame (13), a sheet-shaped air cathode (14), a flow guide net (15) and a cover plate (16); the air inlet pipe (11) and the air outlet pipe (12) are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the upper frame and the outer surface of the lower frame of the support plate frame (13), and the air inlet pipe (11) and the air outlet pipe (12) are respectively communicated with the inside of the support plate frame (13); the cover plate (16), the support plate frame (13), the flow guide net (15) and the sheet-shaped air cathode (14) are sequentially arranged in parallel, and the edges among the cover plate (16), the support plate frame (13), the flow guide net (15) and the sheet-shaped air cathode (14) are sealed through elastic sealing gaskets; the cover plate (16) is made of an insulated metal plate, PE, PC, PP or PVC;
or the flat plate closed air cathode module (1) is composed of at least one air inlet pipe (11), at least one air outlet pipe (12), a support plate frame (13), two sheet-shaped air cathodes (14) and two flow guide nets (15); the air inlet pipe (11) and the air outlet pipe (12) are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the upper frame and the outer surface of the lower frame of the support plate frame (13), and the air inlet pipe (11) and the air outlet pipe (12) are respectively communicated with the inside of the support plate frame (13); one sheet-shaped air cathode (14), one flow guide net (15), the support plate frame (13), the other flow guide net (15) and the other sheet-shaped air cathode (14) are sequentially arranged in parallel;
the edges among the sheet-shaped air cathode (14), the flow guide net (15) and the support plate frame (13) are sealed through elastic sealing gaskets.
2. The microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with full submerged operation of claim 1, wherein: the sheet-shaped air cathode (14) is a metal-based cathode or a carbon fiber cloth-based cathode.
3. A microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with fully submerged operation according to claim 2, wherein: the metal-based cathode is a porous metal cathode or a mesh-shaped metal cathode.
4. The microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with full submerged operation of claim 1, wherein: the anode (2) is a flat plate anode, a flat plate porous anode or a carbon brush group; the carbon brush group is a plane carbon brush group formed by a plurality of carbon brushes arranged in parallel.
5. The microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with full submerged operation of claim 4, wherein: the flat porous anode is made of a porous conductive carbon-based material or a porous conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material.
6. A microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode having a fully submerged operation, characterized by: the system consists of a cylindrical closed air cathode module (3) and a tubular anode (4); the tubular anode (4) is sleeved outside the cylindrical sealed air cathode module (3), and the axes of the cylindrical sealed air cathode module (3) and the tubular anode (4) are superposed;
the cylindrical sealed air cathode module (3) is composed of a tubular plate frame (31), a cathode pipe hoop (32), a tubular air cathode (33), at least one upper end air inlet pipe (34), at least one lower end air outlet pipe (35) and a pipe wall support strip (36);
the pipe wall of the tubular plate frame (31) is hollow, sealing cover plates (37) are arranged at two ends of the tubular plate frame (31), an upper end air inlet pipe (34) and a lower end air outlet pipe (35) are respectively perpendicular to the sealing cover plates (37) arranged at two ends of the tubular plate frame (31), and the upper end air inlet pipe (34) and the lower end air outlet pipe (35) are respectively communicated with the interior of the tubular plate frame (31); a plurality of pipe wall support bars (36) are radially arranged in the tubular plate frame (31); the tubular air cathode (33) is sleeved on the cylindrical surface of the tubular plate frame (31), and the cathode tube hoop (32) is sleeved at two ends of the tubular air cathode (33);
the edge between the tubular air cathode (33) and the cylindrical surface of the tubular plate frame (31) is sealed by an elastic sealing gasket;
the elastic sealing gasket is made of natural rubber, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, fluorinated rubber, silicone sealant or silica gel sealant.
7. The microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with full submerged operation of claim 6, wherein: the tubular air cathode (33) is a metal-based cathode or a carbon fiber cloth-based cathode.
8. The microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with full submerged operation of claim 7, wherein: the metal-based cathode is a porous metal cathode or a mesh-shaped metal cathode.
9. The microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with full submerged operation of claim 6, wherein: the tubular anode (4) is a tubular conductive carbon-based material, a tubular conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material, a tubular porous conductive carbon-based material, a tubular porous conductive corrosion-resistant metal-based material or a tubular carbon brush group; the tubular carbon brush group is formed by encircling a plurality of carbon brushes arranged in parallel at intervals.
10. A microbial electrochemical system comprising an air cathode with full submerged operation according to claim 9, wherein: the conductive carbon-based material is carbon fiber cloth, carbon felt or activated carbon; the metal-based material is tungsten, titanium or stainless steel.
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