CN108008313A - Screening method for self-discharge of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Screening method for self-discharge of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000001913 Atriplex hortensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于锂离子电池技术领域，具体涉及一种锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and in particular relates to a screening method for self-discharge of lithium ion batteries.
背景技术Background technique
电池如果一直闲置不使用，也会损耗电量，这种现象称为电池的自放电现象。自放电率又称荷电保持能力，它是指在开路状态下，电池储存的电量在一定环境条件下的保持能力。一般而言，自放电主要受制造工艺、材料、储存条件的影响，自放电率是衡量电池性能的主要参数之一。If the battery has been idle and not used, it will also lose power. This phenomenon is called the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery. The self-discharge rate, also known as the charge retention capacity, refers to the capacity of the battery to maintain the stored power under certain environmental conditions in an open circuit state. Generally speaking, self-discharge is mainly affected by manufacturing process, materials, and storage conditions. The self-discharge rate is one of the main parameters to measure battery performance.
目前，锂离子电池的自放电不良品筛选方法可以分为压降法与容量法，其中，容量法的测试步骤一般包括如下步骤：(1)通过充放电测试电池的容量，并对电池进行标记；(2)将电池高温陈化一段时间；(3)通过充放电测试电池的残余容量，根据损失容量的大小或者残余容量的比例筛选出自放电较大的电池。该方法的缺点在于：陈化前需要通过充放电对电池的总容量进行测试与记录，因此，生产效率低；而且，高温陈化期间及容量测试过程中单颗电池的两次容量测试必须对应，否则就无法计算出该电池的容量差，同时需要根据将容量差与电池进行对应，然后再进行筛选，因此，筛选过程极其繁琐。At present, the screening methods for self-discharge defective products of lithium-ion batteries can be divided into voltage drop method and capacity method. Among them, the test steps of the capacity method generally include the following steps: (1) Test the capacity of the battery by charging and discharging, and mark the battery (2) aging the battery at high temperature for a period of time; (3) testing the residual capacity of the battery by charging and discharging, and screening out batteries with larger self-discharge according to the size of the lost capacity or the ratio of the residual capacity. The disadvantage of this method is that the total capacity of the battery needs to be tested and recorded by charging and discharging before aging, so the production efficiency is low; moreover, the two capacity tests of a single battery during high temperature aging and capacity testing must correspond to , otherwise the capacity difference of the battery cannot be calculated, and at the same time, it is necessary to correspond the capacity difference with the battery before screening, so the screening process is extremely cumbersome.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的上述不足，提供一种锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法，旨在解决现有锂离子电池自放电不良品筛选过程极其繁琐，以致使生产效率低的技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a screening method for lithium-ion battery self-discharge, aiming at solving the technical problem that the screening process of existing lithium-ion battery self-discharge defective products is extremely cumbersome, resulting in low production efficiency .
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:
本发明提供一种锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法，包括如下步骤：The invention provides a screening method for lithium-ion battery self-discharge, comprising the steps of:
提供待测的锂离子电池样品；Provide samples of lithium-ion batteries to be tested;
将所述待测的锂离子电池样品进行第一恒流恒压充电工步充电至截止电压U，然后进行陈化处理；其中，所述截止电压U＝3.8-4.0V；The lithium-ion battery sample to be tested is charged to the cut-off voltage U in the first constant-current constant-voltage charging step, and then subjected to aging treatment; wherein, the cut-off voltage U=3.8-4.0V;
将所述陈化处理后的锂离子电池样品进行第二恒流恒压充电工步充电至所述截止电压U，并记录充电容量C样；Carry out the second constant current and constant voltage charging step to charge the lithium-ion battery sample after the aging treatment to the cut-off voltage U, and record the charging capacity C sample ;
将所述充电容量C样与标准容量C标进行对比，确定所述锂离子电池样品自放电是否合格：The charge capacity C sample is compared with the standard capacity C mark to determine whether the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery sample is qualified:
当C样＞C标时，所述锂离子电池样品自放电不合格，When C sample >C standard , the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery sample is unqualified,
当C样≤C标时，所述锂离子电池样品自放电合格。When C sample≤C standard , the lithium-ion battery sample is qualified for self-discharge.
本发明提供的锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法，通过选取合适的电压区间(即截止电压U＝3.8-4.0V)，采用恒流恒压充电的方式缩小不同锂离子电池样品间的差异，使锂离子电池样品的起始状态尽可能达到一致，锂离子电池样品在陈化处理过程中由于自放电会产生容量损失，自放电越大则容量损失越大，因此陈化处理后，通过恒流恒压充电的方式将锂离子电池样品充电至陈化前的状态，所得的充电容量C样即电池自放电损失的容量，将其与标准容量C标进行对比，就可以筛选出锂离子电池样品的自放电是否合格。因此，本发明相对现有技术具有如下优点：(1)陈化处理前不需要通过充放电测试电池的总容量，只需要将电池充电至特定的电压即截止电压U，而且直接根据陈化后的充电容量C样进行筛选，不需计算电池的容量差，因此整个过程的步骤非常简单。(2)筛选过程中不需要每一颗电池都进行区分，方便电池的存放及管理。(3)整个筛选过程操作简单，筛选效果优良，有利于提高电池的生产效率。The self-discharging screening method of lithium-ion batteries provided by the present invention, by selecting a suitable voltage interval (i.e. cut-off voltage U=3.8-4.0V), adopts the mode of constant current and constant voltage charging to reduce the difference between different lithium-ion battery samples, so that The initial state of the lithium-ion battery samples should be as consistent as possible. During the aging process, the lithium-ion battery samples will lose capacity due to self-discharge. The greater the self-discharge, the greater the capacity loss. The lithium-ion battery sample is charged to the state before aging by means of constant voltage charging. The obtained charging capacity C sample is the capacity lost by the battery self-discharge. By comparing it with the standard capacity C standard, the lithium-ion battery sample can be screened out. Whether the self-discharge is qualified. Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) It is not necessary to test the total capacity of the battery by charging and discharging before the aging process, and only needs to charge the battery to a specific voltage, that is, the cut-off voltage U, and directly according to the aging process There is no need to calculate the capacity difference of the battery, so the steps of the whole process are very simple. (2) It is not necessary to distinguish each battery during the screening process, which is convenient for battery storage and management. (3) The whole screening process is simple to operate, and the screening effect is excellent, which is conducive to improving the production efficiency of the battery.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例1中锂离子电池自放电的筛选结果示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the screening results of self-discharge of lithium-ion batteries in Example 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
本发明实施例提供了一种锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法，该筛选方法包括如下步骤：The embodiment of the present invention provides a screening method for lithium-ion battery self-discharge, the screening method comprising the following steps:
S01：提供待测的锂离子电池样品；S01: Provide samples of lithium-ion batteries to be tested;
S02：将上述待测的锂离子电池样品进行第一恒流恒压充电工步充电至截止电压U，然后进行陈化处理；其中，所述截止电压U＝3.8-4.0V；S02: Carry out the first constant current and constant voltage charging step to the cut-off voltage U of the lithium-ion battery sample to be tested, and then perform aging treatment; wherein, the cut-off voltage U=3.8-4.0V;
S03：将上述陈化处理后的锂离子电池样品进行第二恒流恒压充电工步充电至所述截止电压U，并记录充电容量C样；S03: Charge the lithium-ion battery sample after the above-mentioned aging treatment to the cut-off voltage U in the second constant current and constant voltage charging step, and record the charging capacity C sample ;
S04：将上述充电容量C样与标准容量C标进行对比，确定所述锂离子电池样品自放电是否合格：S04: Compare the above charging capacity sample C with the standard capacity C standard to determine whether the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery sample is qualified:
当C样＞C标时，所述锂离子电池样品自放电不合格，When C sample >C standard , the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery sample is unqualified,
当C样≤C标时，所述锂离子电池样品自放电合格。When C sample≤C standard , the lithium-ion battery sample is qualified for self-discharge.
本发明实施例提供的锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法，通过选取合适的电压区间(即截止电压U＝3.8-4.0V)，采用恒流恒压充电的方式缩小不同锂离子电池样品间的差异，使锂离子电池样品的起始状态尽可能达到一致，锂离子电池样品在陈化处理过程中由于自放电会产生容量损失，自放电越大则容量损失越大，因此陈化处理后，通过恒流恒压充电的方式将锂离子电池样品充电至陈化前的状态，所得的充电容量C样即电池自放电损失的容量，将其与标准容量C标进行对比，就可以筛选出锂离子电池样品自放电是否合格：当C样＞C标时，该锂离子电池样品自放电不合格即为自放电不良品，当C样≤C标时，该锂离子电池样品自放电合格即为自放电良品。The self-discharge screening method of the lithium-ion battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by selecting a suitable voltage range (that is, the cut-off voltage U=3.8-4.0V), adopts the mode of constant current and constant voltage charging to reduce the difference between different lithium-ion battery samples , so that the initial state of the lithium-ion battery sample is as consistent as possible. During the aging process, the lithium-ion battery sample will produce capacity loss due to self-discharge. The greater the self-discharge, the greater the capacity loss. Therefore, after aging treatment, through The lithium-ion battery sample is charged to the state before aging by means of constant current and constant voltage charging. The obtained charging capacity C sample is the capacity lost by the battery self-discharge. By comparing it with the standard capacity C standard , the lithium-ion battery can be screened out. Whether the self-discharge of the battery sample is qualified: when C sample > C standard , the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery sample is unqualified, which is a self-discharge defective product; when C sample ≤ C standard , the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery sample is qualified. Good discharge.
本发明实施例提供的锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法的整个筛选过程中，陈化处理前不需要通过充放电测试电池的总容量，只需要将电池充电至特定的电压即截止电压U，而且直接根据陈化后的充电容量C样进行筛选，不需计算电池的容量差；筛选过程中不需要每一颗电池都进行区分，方便电池的存放及管理，整个过程操作简单，筛选效果优良，有利于提高电池的生产效率。In the whole screening process of the self-discharge screening method for lithium-ion batteries provided by the embodiments of the present invention, it is not necessary to test the total capacity of the battery by charging and discharging before the aging treatment, and only need to charge the battery to a specific voltage, that is, the cut-off voltage U, and Screening is carried out directly according to the charging capacity C sample after aging, without calculating the capacity difference of the battery; during the screening process, it is not necessary to distinguish each battery, which is convenient for battery storage and management. The whole process is simple to operate and the screening effect is excellent. It is beneficial to improve the production efficiency of the battery.
具体地，在上述步骤S01中，待测的锂离子电池样品是指锂离子电池生产工序中，预备进行自放电筛选时提供的锂离子电池样品，如未化成或刚化成后的锂离子电池样品。Specifically, in the above step S01, the lithium-ion battery sample to be tested refers to the lithium-ion battery sample provided during the preparation of self-discharge screening in the lithium-ion battery production process, such as an unformed or hardened lithium-ion battery sample .
具体地，在上述步骤S02中，截止电压U即为本发明设计的特定电压，即为电池充电后所要到达的电压，只有在该电压范围内，才能对锂离子电池自放电进行有效筛选。在本发明一优选实施例中，该截止电压U取4.0V，在该值范围内，通过恒流恒压充电使锂离子电池样品的起始状态最一致，锂离子电池自放电筛选效果最好。进一步地，在该步骤S02中，第一恒流恒压充电工步的步骤如下：先0.2C恒流恒压充电至4.0V，截止电流0.02C，搁置10min；再0.2C恒流恒压充电至4.0V，截止电流0.02C，搁置10min。第一流恒压充电工步主要是缩小不同锂离子电池样品间的差异，使锂离子电池样品的起始状态尽可能达到一致，本发明实施例中，第一流恒压充电工步实行了两次恒流恒压充电过程，即重复两次“0.2C恒流恒压充电至4.0V，截止电流0.02C，搁置10min”即使锂离子电池样品间的差异最小，再增加次数就没必要。Specifically, in the above step S02, the cut-off voltage U is the specific voltage designed by the present invention, that is, the voltage to be reached after the battery is charged. Only within this voltage range can the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery be effectively screened. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cut-off voltage U is 4.0V. Within this value range, the initial state of the lithium-ion battery sample is the most consistent through constant current and constant voltage charging, and the self-discharge screening effect of the lithium-ion battery is the best. . Further, in this step S02, the steps of the first constant current and constant voltage charging step are as follows: first charge to 4.0V at 0.2C constant current and constant voltage, cut off the current at 0.02C, and leave it for 10 minutes; then charge at 0.2C constant current and constant voltage To 4.0V, cut-off current 0.02C, put it on hold for 10min. The first-flow constant-voltage charging step is mainly to reduce the difference between different lithium-ion battery samples, so that the initial state of the lithium-ion battery samples is as consistent as possible. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first-flow constant-voltage charging step is implemented twice. The constant current and constant voltage charging process, that is, repeat twice "0.2C constant current and constant voltage charging to 4.0V, cut-off current 0.02C, and leave for 10 minutes". Even if the difference between lithium-ion battery samples is the smallest, it is unnecessary to increase the number of times.
具体地，重复两次“0.2C恒流恒压充电至4.0V，截止电流0.02C，搁置10min”的第一流恒压充电工步，然后进行陈化处理，此后在步骤S03中，陈化处理后的锂离子电池样品再进行一次“0.2C恒流恒压充电至4.0V，截止电流0.02C，搁置10min”的第二恒流恒压充电工步，通过第二恒流恒压充电工步将锂离子电池样品充电至陈化前的状态就得充电容量C样即电池自放电损失的容量，将其与标准容量C标进行对比，确定所述锂离子电池样品的自放电是否合格。标准容量C标会根据制备电池的材料体系、以及陈化温度、陈化时间不同而不一样，而本发明实施例中，具体的标准容量C标＝60mAh，通过第二恒流恒压充电工步将锂离子电池样品充电至陈化前的状态就得充电容量C样：当C样＞60mAh时，锂离子电池样品自放电不合格即为自放电不良品，当C样≤60mAh时，所述锂离子电池样品自放电合格即为自放电良品，具体结果如图1所示。Specifically, repeat the first constant-voltage charging step of "0.2C constant-current constant-voltage charging to 4.0V, cut-off current 0.02C, and hold for 10 minutes" twice, and then perform aging treatment, and then in step S03, aging treatment The final lithium-ion battery sample is then subjected to the second constant current and constant voltage charging step of "0.2C constant current and constant voltage charging to 4.0V, cut-off current 0.02C, and shelving for 10 minutes". Charge the lithium-ion battery sample to the state before aging to get the charging capacity C sample , which is the capacity lost by the battery self-discharge, and compare it with the standard capacity C standard to determine whether the self-discharge of the lithium-ion battery sample is qualified. The standard capacity C standard will vary according to the material system used to prepare the battery, as well as the aging temperature and aging time. In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific standard capacity C standard = 60mAh, through the second constant current and constant voltage charging process The first step is to charge the lithium-ion battery sample to the state before aging to obtain the charging capacity C sample : when the C sample is > 60mAh, the lithium-ion battery sample is not qualified for self-discharge, which is the self-discharge defective product; The self-discharge of the above-mentioned lithium-ion battery sample is qualified as a good self-discharge product, and the specific results are shown in Figure 1.
进一步地，在本发明实施例的锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法中，陈化处理的条件为：温度为30-60℃，时间为3-7d(天)。陈化处理使电池自放电产生容量损失，有利于后续充电容量C样与标准容量C标对比。在本发明一优选实施例中，陈化处理的条件为：温度为35℃，时间为5d。在该陈化温度和陈化时间下，可以精确确定电池容量损失，这样使得和标准容量C标进行对比时更加准确。Further, in the self-discharge screening method of the lithium-ion battery in the embodiment of the present invention, the aging treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 30-60°C, and the time is 3-7d (days). The aging treatment causes the battery to self-discharge to cause capacity loss, which is conducive to the comparison of the subsequent charging capacity C sample with the standard capacity C standard. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aging treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 35° C., and the time is 5 days. Under the aging temperature and aging time, the battery capacity loss can be accurately determined, which makes the comparison with the standard capacity C standard more accurate.
进一步地，在本发明实施例的锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法中，所筛选的锂离子电池样品可以为各种型号的锂离子电池，在本发明实施例中，优选为18650锂离子电池。Further, in the screening method for self-discharge of lithium-ion batteries in the embodiment of the present invention, the lithium-ion battery samples to be screened may be various types of lithium-ion batteries, and in the embodiment of the present invention, 18650 lithium-ion batteries are preferred.
本发明先后进行过多次试验，现举一部分试验结果作为参考对发明进行进一步详细描述，下面结合具体实施例进行详细说明。The present invention has been tested many times successively, and a part of the test results are given as a reference to further describe the invention in detail, and will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
一种锂离子电池自放电的筛选方法，包括如下步骤：A screening method for lithium-ion battery self-discharge, comprising the steps:
(1)将化成后的锂离子电池样品通过下列恒流恒压充电工步充电至4.0V：(1) Charge the formed lithium ion battery sample to 4.0V through the following constant current and constant voltage charging steps:
a、0.2C恒流恒压充电至4.0V，截止电流0.02C；a, 0.2C constant current and constant voltage charging to 4.0V, cut-off current 0.02C;
b、搁置10min；b. Leave it on hold for 10 minutes;
c、0.2C恒流恒压充电4.0V，截止电流0.02C；c, 0.2C constant current and constant voltage charging 4.0V, cut-off current 0.02C;
d、搁置10min。d. Leave it on hold for 10 minutes.
(2)陈化处理：35℃高温陈化5d。(2) Aging treatment: aging at 35°C for 5 days.
(3)将陈化处理后的锂离子电池通过下列工步进行充电：(3) The lithium-ion battery after the aging treatment is charged through the following steps:
a、0.2C恒流恒压充电至4.0V，截止电流0.02C，记录充电容量C样。a, 0.2C constant current and constant voltage charge to 4.0V, cut-off current 0.02C, record the charging capacity C sample .
(4)根据C样的大小进行筛选，标准容量C标为60mAh，若C样＞60mAh，则该锂离子电池应该筛选为自放电不良品(不合格)，若C样≤60mAh，则该锂离子电池应该筛选为自放电良品(合格)。(4) Screen according to the size of sample C. The standard capacity C is marked as 60mAh. If sample C > 60mAh, the lithium-ion battery should be screened as a self-discharge defective product (unqualified). If sample C ≤ 60mAh, the lithium-ion battery Ion batteries should be screened as good (qualified) self-discharge products.
用该筛选方法对一批锂离子电池(共350个样品)进行筛选，最终得到的结果如图1所示，通过该筛选方法筛选出42个自放电不合格的样品。A batch of lithium-ion batteries (a total of 350 samples) were screened with this screening method, and the final results are shown in Figure 1. 42 samples with unqualified self-discharge were screened out by this screening method.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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