CN108007450B - Rotation information measuring method and device and quantum gyroscope - Google Patents

Rotation information measuring method and device and quantum gyroscope Download PDF

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CN108007450B
CN108007450B CN201711192041.5A CN201711192041A CN108007450B CN 108007450 B CN108007450 B CN 108007450B CN 201711192041 A CN201711192041 A CN 201711192041A CN 108007450 B CN108007450 B CN 108007450B
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berry phase
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CN108007450A (en
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宋学瑞
王留军
冯付攀
刁文婷
段崇棣
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Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract

The invention provides a rotation information measuring method and device and a quantum gyroscope, and belongs to the technical field of applied physics. The rotation information measuring method includes: preparing the quantum state of a quantum system into a superposed state, the amountThe sublevel is a diamond-in-coupled NV color center and13c nuclear spin; determining Berry phase generated by the quantum state when the quantum system rotates; and determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase. By using NV colour centers coupled in diamond13C, the nuclear spin quantum system carries out rotation information measurement, and the quantum system has the characteristic of atomic scale, so that the spatial resolution of the rotation information measurement is improved to nano scale; due to the fact that13The C nuclear spin coherence time (ms) is much longer than the NV color center electron spin coherence time (mus), and the detection sensitivity of the gyroscope realized based on the quantum system is greatly improved; compared with NV-14The N quantum system does not need the participation of a strong magnetic field in the quantum state polarization process, thereby greatly reducing the realization difficulty.

Description

Rotation information measuring method and device and quantum gyroscope
Technical Field
The invention provides a rotation information measuring method and device and a quantum gyroscope, and belongs to the technical field of applied physics.
Background
The gyroscope is a core device of an inertial measurement technology, and has important application values in the fields of inertial navigation, accurate guidance, automatic control, basic physical research and the like. The development of a gyroscope with high sensitivity and miniaturization is significant. At present, leading research mostly focuses on spinning gyroscopes based on alkali metal atoms, and point defect spinning quantum systems in solid state appearing in recent years, such as NV color centers in diamond, SiV color centers in SiC crystal and the like, provide a selectable brand-new physical realization system for developing new gyroscopes.
The NV (Nitrogen-Vacancy) color center is a point defect in diamond, which consists of a N atom substituted with a C atom Vacancy in the diamond lattice. Due to excellent optical and spin characteristics, diamond NV color center solid-state qubits have been widely used and studied in recent years in the fields of quantum information, nanoscale high-sensitivity magnetic fields, electric fields, temperature, and spin detection. The Berry phase can be generated by the quantum state under the action of mechanical rotation, and rotation information can be obtained by measuring phase information. Due to the fact that electron and nuclear spins in the diamond body have long coherence time, the Berry phase measurement is achieved under the condition of adiabatic mechanical rotation by using the NV color center or the related quantum spin system containing the NV color center, and the feasibility is achieved by developing a novel gyroscope according to the principle.
In quantum physics, if the hamiltonian H (R (t)) of a quantum system is related to a parameter R and adiabatic periodic evolution (R (t) ═ R (0)) is performed with the parameter in a parameter space, then after a time t, the wave function of a quantum state obtains not only a kinetic phase term exp (-iEt/H) but also another phase term exp (i β), i.e. a Berry phase term, considering that a spin rotates along an axis theta relative to its quantum axis, and for an adiabatic rotation process, the Berry phase is related to the rotated solid angle exp (i β)n(C) Exp (-in Ω (C)), and when θ is constant, β is present at angular velocity ω and the rotation time t is constantn(C) N (1-cos θ) ω t, where n is the number of spin quanta, and thus information can be obtained by measuring the phase of the quantum state Berry. Using this principle, it has been proposed to use NV colour centre single quantum bits ("Maclaurin, d., m.doherty, et al", "measureable quality phase from a rotate entrance spin." "physical Review letters108,240403 (2012)"), NV colour centre ensemble ("legacy, m.p., k.jensen, et al", "Gyroscopes base on nitrogen-vacanents in diamond." "physical Review a86,052116 (2012)", NV-14N-ensemble (Ajoy, a.and p. cappel laro.et al, "Stable three-axis nuclear-spin gyroscopic in diamond." physical Review a86, 062104(2012) ") equivalent quantum system implementation of gyroscopes.
In this regard, on the one hand, the NV centre spin ensemble qubits are affected by ambient noise in the vicinity of electron spin and nuclear spin, the coherence time of which
Figure BDA0001481226830000021
Being limited to the order of mus or less severely limits the detection bandwidth and sensitivity. NV-14The nuclear spin polarization process of the N nuclear spin ensemble gyroscope needs the participation of a strong magnetic field of-510 Gs, so that the future practical application of the gyroscope is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a rotation information measuring method, a device and a quantum gyroscope, wherein NV color center and NV color center are coupled in diamond13The C nuclear spin is used as a quantum system to measure the rotation information, the quantum system has the characteristic of atomic scale, so that the spatial resolution of the rotation information measurement is improved to nano scale, and the C nuclear spin is used as the quantum system to measure the rotation information13The C nuclear spin coherence time (ms) is much longer than the NV color center electron spin coherence time (mus), and the detection sensitivity of the gyroscope realized based on the quantum system is greatly improved compared with the NV-14The N quantum system does not need the participation of a strong magnetic field in the quantum state polarization process, thereby greatly reducing the realization difficulty.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rotation information measuring method comprising:
preparing a quantum state of a quantum system into a stacked state, the quantum system being an NV color center and a diamond incoupling13C nuclear spin;
when the quantum system rotates, determining Berry phase generated by the quantum state in the superposition state;
and determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
In an alternative embodiment, the preparing the quantum state of the quantum system into a stacked state comprises:
acquiring the transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system;
and carrying out polarization, excitation and free evolution operation on the quantum state according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information to obtain a superposed state.
In an optional embodiment, the polarizing, exciting, and freely evolving the quantum state to obtain a stacked state includes:
polarizing the |0> state and the |1> state such that both the |0> state and the |1> state become the |0> state;
exciting the |0> state to obtain |1 ↓ > state and |0 ↓ > state;
make the |0 ↓>At an angular velocity ωLMake larmor precession, wait time
Figure BDA0001481226830000031
Then, polarizing again to obtain |0 ↓>State;
over time
Figure BDA0001481226830000032
Then, excitation is carried out again to obtain a superposed state
Figure BDA0001481226830000033
In an alternative embodiment, the determining the Berry phase generated by the quantum state in the superposition state includes:
obtaining fluorescence intensity information generated by a quantum system;
and determining the Berry phase according to the fluorescence intensity information.
A rotation information measuring apparatus comprising:
a quantum state control module for preparing quantum state of quantum system into superposition state, wherein the quantum system is diamond inner coupled NV color center and13c nuclear spin;
the Berry phase determining module is used for determining a Berry phase generated by a quantum state in the superposition state when the quantum system rotates;
and the rotation angle determining module is used for determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
In an optional embodiment, the quantum state manipulation module is configured to:
acquiring the transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system;
and carrying out polarization, excitation and free evolution operation on the quantum state according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information to obtain a superposed state.
In an optional embodiment, the quantum state manipulation module is configured to:
polarizing the |0> state and the |1> state such that both the |0> state and the |1> state become the |0> state;
exciting the |0> state to obtain |1 ↓ > state and |0 ↓ > state;
make the |0 ↓>At an angular velocity ωLMake larmor precession, wait time
Figure BDA0001481226830000041
Then, polarizing again to obtain |0 ↓>State;
over time
Figure BDA0001481226830000042
Then, excitation is carried out again to obtain a superposed state
Figure BDA0001481226830000043
In an optional embodiment, the Berry phase determining module is configured to:
obtaining fluorescence intensity information generated by a quantum system;
and determining the Berry phase according to the fluorescence intensity information.
A quantum gyroscope comprises a rotation information measuring device, an energy level control system, a diamond and a rotation device, wherein the diamond contains a coupled NV color center and a coupled NV color center13The C nuclear spin is positioned on the rotating device, the rotating device is used for driving the diamond to rotate, the energy level control system is used for controlling the energy level transition of a quantum system, and the quantum system is the coupled NV color center and the coupled NV color center13The nuclear spin measuring device comprises a quantum state control module, a Berry phase determining module and a rotation angle determining module, wherein the quantum state control module is used for controlling the energy level control system to prepare the quantum states of the quantum system into a superposition state, the Berry phase determining module is used for determining the Berry phase generated by the quantum states in the superposition state when the quantum system rotates, and the rotation angle determining module is used for determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
In an optional embodiment, the quantum gyroscope further includes a detection device, configured to detect and send fluorescence intensity information generated by a quantum system to the Berry phase determination module, where the Berry phase determination module obtains the fluorescence intensity information, and determines a Berry phase generated by the superposition state according to the fluorescence intensity information.
In an alternative embodiment, the energy level manipulation system comprises:
a laser unit for emitting laser light to the quantum system to polarize a quantum state of the quantum system;
a microwave unit for emitting microwaves to the quantum system to transition a quantum state of the quantum system; and
and the magnetic field unit is used for providing a magnetic field along the NV quantum axis direction to the quantum system so as to generate Larmor precession of the quantum state of the quantum system.
In an optional embodiment, the quantum state manipulation module is configured to: acquiring the transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system; and controlling the laser unit to emit laser to the quantum system according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information so as to polarize the quantum state of the quantum system, controlling the magnetic field unit to provide a magnetic field along the NV quantum axis direction to the quantum system so as to enable the quantum state of the quantum system to generate Larmor precession, and controlling the microwave unit to emit microwave to the quantum system so as to enable the quantum state of the quantum system to transition, so that a superposed state is finally obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by intracounting NV colour centers to diamond13The C nuclear spin is used as a quantum system to measure the rotation information, and the quantum system has the characteristic of atomic scale, so that the spatial resolution of the rotation information measurement is improved to the nano scale.
(2) Due to the fact that13The C nuclear spin coherence time (ms) is much larger than the NV color center electron spin coherence time (μ s), based on this quantumThe detection sensitivity of the gyroscope realized by the system is greatly improved.
(3) Compared with NV-14The N quantum system does not need the participation of a strong magnetic field in the preparation of the superposed quantum state polarization process, thereby greatly reducing the realization difficulty;
(4) since the solid carrier (diamond) on which the quantum system depends can realize structural processing by the traditional micromachining means, compared with an alkali metal atom gyroscope, the gyroscope based on the method is easier to realize chip processing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a rotation information measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diamond lattice structure and atomic distribution;
FIG. 3 shows NV-13Schematic diagram of energy level structure formed by quantum system;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a measurement process of a quantum gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of a numerical calculation result of a relationship between a measurement angle and fluorescence in an embodiment of the quantum gyroscope provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rotation information measuring method, including:
step 101: preparing a quantum state of a quantum system into a stacked state, the quantum system being an NV color center and a diamond incoupling13C nuclear spin;
specifically, referring to FIG. 2, the NV color center in diamond is associated with13Strong coupling in the vicinity of the C-nuclear spins, by NV color center and neighbors13A quantum system consisting of C nuclear spins, whose ground state hamiltonian can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001481226830000061
wherein, D in the first term is 2.87GHz and is a zero-field splitting term; the second term and the third term are the Zeeman splitting term, gamma, caused by the electron spin and the nuclear spin, respectively, under the magnetic fieldeAnd gammanElectron spin and nuclear spin gyromagnetic ratio; the fourth term is NV color center and13interaction term of C nuclear spins, ACThe intensity of electron spin and nuclear spin interaction is described, as shown in FIG. 2, with NV color center13The relative position of C is different; the energy level structure of a quantum system can be obtained through the formula (1); and obtaining transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system according to the energy level structure, and carrying out polarization, excitation and free evolution operations on the quantum state according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information to obtain a superposed state.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the preferred value of |1 ↓>And |1 ↓>In a superimposed state, i.e.
Figure BDA0001481226830000071
The two quantum states are a set of orthogonal basis vectors, and state reading can be achieved by NV color center fluorescence. As shown in FIG. 3, the ground state of the NV color center is spin tristate, and m is set under the action of a magnetic fieldsThe + -1 state is further degenerated by the Zeeman effect, and m is given in FIG. 3s1 and ms0 state, NV-13The fine interaction of C (quantum system) is such that msThe 1-state is further split into |1, ×>And |1, ↓>Splitting of state, energy level, to omega1The system rotates downwards |1, × |>And |1, ↓>State-generated Berry phase; in other embodiments, other superposition states, such as | -1 ↓>And a | -1 ×) stacking state, etc., the present invention is not limited;
the specific preparation method of the superposition state of |1 ↓ > and |1 ↓ > comprises the following steps:
polarizing the |0> state and the |1> state such that both the |0> state and the |1> state become the |0> state;
exciting the |0> state to obtain |1 ↓ > state and |0 ↓ > state;
make the |0 ↓>At an angular velocity ωLMake larmor precession, wait time
Figure BDA0001481226830000072
Then, polarizing again to obtain |0 ↓>State;
over time
Figure BDA0001481226830000073
Then, excitation is carried out again to obtain a superposed state
Figure BDA0001481226830000074
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, a superposed state can be prepared by controlling energy level control systems such as laser, microwave, magnetic field and the like to act on a quantum system; preferably, the quantum state is polarized by laser and microwave, the quantum state is subjected to Larmor precession by a magnetic field, and the quantum state is excited by the microwave to finally obtain a superposed state;
step 102: when the quantum system rotates, determining Berry phase generated by the quantum state in the superposition state;
the quantum system rotates for a time τ at an angular velocity ω, and two orthogonal quantum states in the superposition state produce relative Berry phases. Through microwave and laser operation, the Berry phase information of the quantum state can be converted into readable fluorescence intensity information, and the Berry phase can be determined according to the fluorescence intensity information.
Specifically, the fluorescence intensity information can be measured by a detector, and the Berry phase can be determined according to the formula (3):
Figure BDA0001481226830000081
wherein S is the fluorescence intensity and R is ms0 and msFluorescence contrast between ± 1.
Step 103: and determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
The Berry phase is related to a solid angle passed by rotation, and rotation angle and angular speed information can be calculated according to the formula (2).
exp(iβn(C) Exp (-in Ω (C)) formula (2)
The rotation information measuring method provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes the NV color center and the diamond inner coupling13The C nuclear spin is used as a quantum system to measure the rotation information, the quantum system has the characteristic of atomic scale, so that the spatial resolution of the rotation information measurement is improved to nano scale, and the C nuclear spin is used as the quantum system to measure the rotation information13The C nuclear spin coherence time (ms) is much longer than the NV color center electron spin coherence time (mus), and the detection sensitivity of the gyroscope realized based on the quantum system is greatly improved; compared with NV-14The N quantum system does not need the participation of a strong magnetic field in the polarization process, thereby greatly reducing the realization difficulty; because the solid carrier on which the quantum system depends can realize structural processing through a traditional micromachining means, compared with an alkali metal atom gyroscope, the gyroscope based on the method is easier to realize chip processing.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a rotation information measuring apparatus, including:
a quantum state control module for preparing quantum state of quantum system into superposition state, wherein the quantum system is diamond inner coupled NV color center and13c nuclear spin;
the Berry phase determining module is used for determining a Berry phase generated by a quantum state in the superposition state when the quantum system rotates;
and the rotation angle determining module is used for determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
In an optional embodiment, the quantum state manipulation module is configured to:
acquiring the transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system;
and carrying out polarization, excitation and free evolution operation on the quantum state according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information to obtain a superposed state.
In an optional embodiment, the quantum state manipulation module is configured to:
polarizing the |0> state and the |1> state such that both the |0> state and the |1> state become the |0> state;
exciting the |0> state to obtain |1 ↓ > state and |0 ↓ > state;
make the |0 ↓>At an angular velocity ωLMake larmor precession, wait time
Figure BDA0001481226830000091
Then, polarizing again to obtain |0 ↓>State;
over time
Figure BDA0001481226830000092
Then, excitation is carried out again to obtain a superposed state
Figure BDA0001481226830000093
In an optional embodiment, the Berry phase determining module is configured to:
obtaining fluorescence intensity information generated by a quantum system;
and determining the Berry phase according to the fluorescence intensity information.
The embodiments of the apparatus and the method of the present invention correspond to each other, and specific descriptions and effects are given in the embodiments of the method, and are not repeated herein.
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a quantum gyroscope, which includes a rotation information measuring device (not shown), an energy level control system, a diamond 4 and a rotation device 6, wherein the diamond 4 includes a NV color center coupled to the NV color center13C nuclear spin (NV-13C) And is located on a rotating device 6, the rotating device 6 is used for driving the diamond to rotate, the energy level control system is used for controlling the energy level transition of a quantum system, and the quantum system is a coupled NV color center and a coupled NV color center in the diamond13The rotation information measuring device comprises a quantum state control module, a Berry phase determining module and a rotation angle determining module, wherein the quantum state control module is used for controlling the energy level control system to prepare the quantum state of the quantum system to a superposition state, and the Berry phase determining module is used for determining the quantum state of the quantum system to be a superposition stateAnd when the quantum system rotates, determining a Berry phase generated by a quantum state in the superposition state, wherein the rotation angle determining module is used for determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
The rotation information measuring device used in the embodiment of the present invention is provided by the above device embodiment, and for specific description, reference is made to the device embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
The quantum gyroscope provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes NV color center and diamond inner coupling13The C nuclear spin quantum system is used for measuring the rotation information, and the quantum system has the characteristics of atomic scale, so that the spatial resolution of the rotation information measurement is improved to the nano scale, and the quantum system has the advantages of high accuracy, low cost and the like13The C nuclear spin coherence time (ms) is much longer than the NV color center electron spin coherence time (mus), and the detection sensitivity of the gyroscope realized based on the quantum system is greatly improved; compared with NV-14The N quantum system does not need the participation of a strong magnetic field in the quantum state polarization process, thereby greatly reducing the realization difficulty; because the solid carrier on which the quantum system depends can realize structural processing by the traditional micromachining means, the gyroscope is easier to realize chip formation compared with an alkali metal atom gyroscope.
The quantum gyroscope further comprises a detection device 5, configured to detect and send fluorescence intensity information generated by a quantum system to the Berry phase determining module, where the Berry phase determining module obtains the fluorescence intensity information, and determines, according to the fluorescence intensity information, a relative Berry phase generated by a quantum state in the superposition state. In the embodiment of the invention, the detection device comprises a single-photon detector and a filter plate arranged in front of the single-photon detector, the central wavelength of the filter plate is 600-800nm, space stray light and exciting light are filtered, and the single-photon detector is preferably a Si-based single-photon detector, such as SPCM-AQRH-13FC model.
As shown in fig. 4, the energy level manipulation system includes:
a laser unit 1 for emitting laser light to the quantum system to polarize a quantum state of the quantum system; in other embodiments, it may also be used to prepare the quantum state system to a readable state;
a microwave unit 2 for emitting a microwave pulse to the quantum system to transit a quantum state of the quantum system;
and the magnetic field unit 3 is used for providing a magnetic field along the NV quantum axis direction to the quantum system so as to generate Larmor precession of the quantum state of the quantum system.
Accordingly, the quantum state manipulation module is configured to: acquiring the transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system; and controlling the laser unit to emit laser to the quantum system according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information so as to polarize the quantum state of the quantum system, controlling the magnetic field unit to provide a magnetic field along the NV quantum axis direction to the quantum system so as to enable the quantum state of the quantum system to generate Larmor precession, and controlling the microwave unit to emit microwave to the quantum system so as to enable the quantum state of the quantum system to transition, so that a superposed state is finally obtained.
In an alternative embodiment, the laser unit 1 comprises a laser and an acousto-optic modulator for modulating the laser pulses. The acousto-optic modulator is used for controlling the laser switch, realizing the accurate output of laser pulse, and realizing the operations of polarization, reading and the like of a quantum system.
In an alternative embodiment, the microwave unit 2 comprises a microwave generator, an amplifier, a microwave switch, a coupler, a circulator, a microwave antenna, and a load resistor. The microwave generator transmits microwave pulses to the amplifier for power amplification, the microwave pulses are controlled by the microwave switch to be output, the microwave pulses enter the coupler and then are radiated by the circulator on the microwave antenna, the terminal of the microwave antenna is connected with the load resistor, and the microwave antenna is arranged above the diamond.
In an optional embodiment, the magnetic field unit 3 is preferably connected with a magnet and a mechanical arm capable of adjusting the direction and the magnitude of the magnetic field, so that the adjustment of the direction of the magnetic field by 360 degrees is realized, and the magnitude of the magnetic field can be changed from 0 to 500 Gs.
The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention:
(1) first, NV-13C quantum system, and obtaining NV-13The quantum system of C quantum state transition frequency and pi pulse length, as shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, NV color center and13energy level splitting caused by C nuclear spin coupling is omega1When a magnetic field of 10Gs is applied in the NV axis direction at 9MHz, |0 ↓>And |1 ↓>The energy level interval between is omega0＝2870MHz+10*2.8MHz＝2898MHz；
(2) Preparing in a superposition state:
referring to FIG. 5, the laser unit 1 emits a laser pulse with a wavelength of 532nm, a power of 20 μ w and a length of 3 μ s to irradiate NV-13C quantum system for polarizing quantum state to |0>State;
the microwave generator emits a microwave field with the central wavelength of 2.898GHz, the microwave pulse is output by the microwave switch after power amplification is carried out by the amplifier, the microwave pulse enters the coupler and is radiated by the circulator on the microwave antenna with the diameter of 20 microns, the microwave antenna is arranged above the diamond at the center of the turntable, and the terminal is connected with a 50 omega load resistor. Radiating weak microwave pi pulse, |0 ↓ > state transits to |1 ↓ > state, |0 ↓ > state is immobile;
the magnetic field unit 3 acts a magnetic field B, NV-13C quantum system with angular velocity omegaLMake larmor precession, wait time
Figure BDA0001481226830000111
|0↑>The state evolves to |0 ↓>State;
the laser unit 1 emits laser pulses with wavelength of 532nm, power of 20 μ w and length of 3 μ s again, and the quantum state is polarized to |0 ↓ > state.
Free evolution time
Figure BDA0001481226830000121
Quantum state evolution to
Figure BDA0001481226830000122
State.
The microwave unit 2 radiates strong microwavesAfter the action of pi pulse, |0>Will be non-selectively excited to |1>State of being, i.e.
Figure BDA0001481226830000123
(3) The quantum system rotation and Berry phase form:
rotating the turntable (rotating device 6) at an angular speed omega for a time tau, | | × in the superimposed state prepared in the step (1)>State relative to | ↓>The state-generating dynamic phase and Berry phase, i.e.
Figure BDA0001481226830000124
Wherein ω is1τ-γ13CB tau is the dynamic phase, β (tau) is the Berry phase term.
(4) Berry phase detection:
the microwave unit 2 radiates a strong microwave pi-pulse effect to excite the system to
Figure BDA0001481226830000125
State; waiting time again
Figure BDA0001481226830000126
After that, the spin final state is
Figure BDA0001481226830000127
The microwave unit 2 radiates weak microwave pi pulses to convert the phase information into readable fluorescence intensity information. The final state is:
Figure BDA0001481226830000128
wherein S is the fluorescence intensity and R is ms0 and msFluorescence contrast between ± 1.
(5) Reading the rotation angle:
after the fluorescence is filtered, the detector 5 detects the intensity of the fluorescence, and the Berry phase is obtained through fluorescence intensity information, is related to a solid angle passed by rotation, and is according to a formula exp (i β)n(C) Exp (-in Ω (C)) is calculated to obtain the rotation angle and angular velocity information.
The invention has not been described in detail in part of the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments described are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A rotation information measuring method is characterized in that a quantum state of a quantum system is prepared to a superposition state, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system;
according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information, carrying out polarization, excitation and free evolution operation on the quantum state to obtain a superposition state, comprising the following steps:
polarizing the |0> state and the |1> state such that both the |0> state and the |1> state become the |0> state;
exciting the |0> state to obtain |1 ↓ > state and |0 ↓ > state;
make the |0 ↓>At an angular velocity ωLMake larmor precession, wait time
Figure FDA0002400133720000011
Then, polarizing again to obtain |0 ↓>State;
over time
Figure FDA0002400133720000012
Then, excitation is carried out again to obtain a superposed state
Figure FDA0002400133720000013
Preparing a quantum state of a quantum system into a stacked state, the quantum system being an NV color center and a diamond incoupling13C nuclear spin;
when the quantum system rotates, determining Berry phase generated by the quantum state in the superposition state;
and determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
2. A method of measuring rotational information according to claim 1, wherein said determining a Berry phase resulting from a quantum state in said superimposed state comprises:
obtaining fluorescence intensity information generated by a quantum system;
and determining the Berry phase according to the fluorescence intensity information.
3. A rotation information measuring apparatus, characterized by comprising:
the quantum state control module is used for acquiring transition frequency and control pulse length information between electron spin energy levels and nuclear spin energy levels in a quantum system;
carrying out polarization, excitation and free evolution operation on the quantum state according to the transition frequency and the control pulse length information to obtain a superposed state;
polarizing the |0> state and the |1> state such that both the |0> state and the |1> state become the |0> state;
exciting the |0> state to obtain |1 ↓ > state and |0 ↓ > state;
make the |0 ↓>At an angular velocity ωLMake larmor precession, wait time
Figure FDA0002400133720000021
Then, polarizing again to obtain |0 ↓>State;
over time
Figure FDA0002400133720000022
Then, excitation is carried out again to obtain a superposed state
Figure FDA0002400133720000023
For preparing quantum states of a quantum system into a stacked state, the quantum system being an NV color center and a diamond incoupling13C nuclear spin;
the Berry phase determining module is used for determining a Berry phase generated by a quantum state in the superposition state when the quantum system rotates;
and the rotation angle determining module is used for determining rotation information according to the determined Berry phase.
4. A rotational information measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the Berry phase determining module is configured to:
obtaining fluorescence intensity information generated by a quantum system;
and determining the Berry phase according to the fluorescence intensity information.
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