CN108004675A - 一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料及其制备方法,基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料包括微纳米级软木粒子、软质聚氨酯泡沫材料和多孔纤维,制备方法为:将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液,得到改性的软木粒子;将多孔纤维经开松后,加入改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在恒温下进行针刺加固,再热压,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品;将含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到机械性能和吸声性能俱佳的基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布吸声纺织材料技术领域,具体涉及一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
噪声污染已成为当代世界性的问题,被列为三大污染之一,噪声污染虽然是感觉公害,不积累,具有局部性,但是噪声污染的危害是严重的、多方面影响人们的工作、学习和生活。随着人们对环境的重视,人们正积极寻求消除噪声的途径,吸声材料发挥着越来越大的作用,不论在房屋和汽车内部,吸声材料的使用量呈迅猛增长之势,同时也对吸声材料的性能提出了更高更多的要求。
目前,吸声材料包括棉、麻等天然纤维、矿渣棉、玻璃棉等无机纤维、穿孔共振板、微穿孔板、薄膜共振结构等,但是普遍存在着对环境的适应力差,材料性脆,容易折断形成粉尘散逸而污染环境、影响人体健康,体积大,吸声效果差的问题。中国专利CN 105269881A公开的一种棕榈原纤非织造吸声材料的制备方法,将棕榈纤维的表面脱去部分木质素和半纤维素得到中空度大于等于45%的改性处理的棕榈中空原纤,将改性处理的棕榈中空原纤与聚丙烯酸、铝箔和热熔纤维层制备得到非织造吸声材料,该非织造吸声材料包括若干层体积密度不同的棕榈原纤非织造材料层,用不同的加固方法制备的得到的非织造材料,成本低,密度轻,对不同频段的声波均具有较好的牺牲性能,有淡淡的香气和抑菌性能。中国专利CN 103818084B公开的一种吸声针刺非织造复合材料及其制备方法,将多孔涤纶纤维开松梳理成网,将纤维网输入针刺机中进行针刺加固,圈绕,切断,制成布料,将三层布料层叠,热压冷却,制备得到吸声针刺非织造复合材料。由上述现有技术可知,以多孔纤维为原料,经非织造技术制备得到的吸声材料具有轻质吸声效果好的作用,且不含有毒性挥发性物质,无毒无害,可适用于多个吸声领域。
木质纤维生物质是地球上最丰富的可再生生物资源,主要包括纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,木质纤维素生物质经预处理后可具有多层次多孔结构。中国专利CN 104437406A公开的一种木质素多孔材料的制备方法,将木质素、卟啉、醛类化合物、辅助剂、二硫化碳、碱性物质和蒸馏水构成,在搅拌和回流下,加热混合,真空干燥得到固体粉末产品,该固体粉末产品主要用于重金属离子污水吸附领域,克服传统木质素吸附量低下的缺陷,但是却没有公开在其他领域的应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料及其制备方法,以软木的树皮为原料制备的微纳米级软木粒子的表面涂覆软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液,再与多孔纤维混合,在恒温针刺的过程中,喷洒含催化剂的发泡溶剂,最后经热压等后处理得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。本发明制备的基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料中含有多种吸声材料,且通过聚氨酯发泡体作为粘合剂,制备得到机械性能和吸声性能俱佳的吸声无纺布材料。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料,所述基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料包括微纳米级软木粒子、软质聚氨酯泡沫材料和多孔纤维,所述软质聚氨酯泡沫材料附着于微纳米级软木粒子的表面。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料经针刺恒温加固制备得到。
本发明还提供一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液,得到改性的软木粒子;
(2)将多孔纤维经开松后,加入步骤(1)制备的改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在恒温下进行针刺加固,再热压,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,微纳米级软木粒子的粒径为500-5000nm。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中包括多异氰酸酯和多元醇,所述多异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或其混合物,所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,多孔纤维为多孔纳米聚酯纤维和多孔纳米木质素纤维中的一种或者两种。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为5-10:0.5-1。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,含催化剂的发泡溶液包括发泡剂、催化剂和多元醇,所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钠,所述催化剂为三乙胺或者辛酸亚锡。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,针刺加固的温度为80-100℃,针刺密度为100-120刺/cm。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,热压的温度为110-120℃,时间为5-10s。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制备的基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料包括微纳米级软木粒子、软质聚氨酯泡沫材料和多孔纤维,以软木的树皮为原料制备的微纳米级软木粒子作为功能材料,软木的细胞壁结构主要由富含木质素的胞间层、由木栓质和蜡质交叠组成的次生壁和有多糖组成的三层壁组成,具有优异的抗湿抗水和吸声性能,且弹性好,比重轻,对软木的树皮进行微纳米整理后渗透于无纺布的纤维之间的缝隙,且将微纳米级软木粒子的表面涂覆软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液,再与多孔纤维混合,使微纳米级软木粒子更容易附着于多孔纤维的表面和多孔纤维之间,且在恒温针刺的过程中,喷洒含催化剂的发泡溶剂,在针刺的过程中促使附着于软木粒子表面形成软质聚氨酯泡沫,最后经热压等后处理对三种组分进行固化,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
(2)本发明制备的基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料中含有软木、聚氨酯泡沫和多孔纤维多种吸声材料,且在针刺的过程中促使软质聚氨酯发泡体成型,通过聚氨酯发泡体作为粘合剂促使微纳米级软木粒子与多孔纤维紧密结构,制备得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料,该方法制备的无纺布材料的机械性能和吸声性能俱佳,尺寸稳定性好,具有优良的可压缩性、较高的回弹率和柔软性,可作为衣物的隔层或者保温材料,用于日常的服装领域和特种服装领域。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到粒径为500nm的微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子充分浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中5min,过滤取出,得到改性的软木粒子,其中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液包括体积比为1:1的多异氰酸酯和多元醇,多异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,多元醇为质量比为1:1的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(2)按照多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为5:0.5,将多孔纳米聚酯纤维经开松后,加入改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在80℃恒温下,以100刺/cm的针刺密度进行针刺加固,再在110℃下热压5s,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品,其中,含催化剂的发泡溶液的组分,按照质量份计,包括3wt%的碳酸氢钠发泡剂、0.5wt%的辛酸亚锡催化剂、质量比为1:1的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(3)将含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
实施例2:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到粒径为5000nm的微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子充分浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中10min,过滤取出,得到改性的软木粒子,其中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液包括体积比为1:的多异氰酸酯和多元醇,多异氰酸酯2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,多元醇为质量比为1:1.5的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(2)按照多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为10:1,将多孔纳米木质素纤维经开松后,加入改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在100℃恒温下,以120刺/cm的针刺密度进行针刺加固,再在120℃下热压10s,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品,其中,含催化剂的发泡溶液的组分,按照质量份计,包括8wt%的碳酸氢钠发泡剂、3wt%的三乙胺催化剂、质量比为1:1.5的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(3)将含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
实施例3:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到粒径为1000nm的微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子充分浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中8min,过滤取出,得到改性的软木粒子,其中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液包括体积比为1:1.5的多异氰酸酯和多元醇,多异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,多元醇为质量比为1:1.2的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(2)按照多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为7:0.8,将多孔纳米木质素纤维经开松后,加入改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在90℃恒温下,以110刺/cm的针刺密度进行针刺加固,再在115℃下热压6s,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品,其中,含催化剂的发泡溶液的组分,按照质量份计,包括5wt%的碳酸氢钠发泡剂、1.5wt%的三乙胺催化剂、质量比为1:1.3的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(3)将含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
实施例4:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到粒径为2500nm的微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子充分浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中7min,过滤取出,得到改性的软木粒子,其中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液包括体积比为1:1.6的多异氰酸酯和多元醇,多异氰酸酯为2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,多元醇为质量比为1:1.4的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(2)按照多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为7:0.5,将多孔纳米聚酯纤维和多孔纳米木质素纤维经开松后,加入改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在95℃恒温下,以115刺/cm的针刺密度进行针刺加固,再在110℃下热压10s,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品,其中,含催化剂的发泡溶液的组分,按照质量份计,包括3wt%的碳酸氢钠发泡剂、3wt%的三乙胺催化剂、质量比为1:1.4的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(3)将含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
实施例5:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到粒径为3000nm的微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子充分浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中8min,过滤取出,得到改性的软木粒子,其中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液包括体积比为1:1.6的多异氰酸酯和多元醇,多异氰酸酯为2,2’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,多元醇为质量比为1:1的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(2)按照多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为9:0.8,将多孔纳米聚酯纤维和多孔纳米木质素纤维经开松后,加入改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在90℃恒温下,以105刺/cm的针刺密度进行针刺加固,再在120℃下热压5s,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品,其中,含催化剂的发泡溶液的组分,按照质量份计,包括6wt%的碳酸氢钠发泡剂、1.5wt%的三乙胺催化剂、质量比为1:1.3的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(3)将含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
实施例6:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到粒径为4500nm的微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子充分浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中5min,过滤取出,得到改性的软木粒子,其中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液包括体积比为1:2的多异氰酸酯和多元醇,多异氰酸酯为2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,多元醇为质量比为1:1的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(2)按照多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为10:0.5,将多孔纳米聚酯纤维纤维经开松后,加入改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在100℃恒温下,以100刺/cm的针刺密度进行针刺加固,再在120℃下热压5s,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品,其中,含催化剂的发泡溶液的组分,按照质量份计,包括8wt%的碳酸氢钠发泡剂、0.5wt%的辛酸亚锡催化剂、质量比为1:1的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
(3)将含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
经检测,实施例1-6制备的基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料以及现有技术的吸声无纺布(CN103818084B)的吸声系数和机械强度的结果如下所示:
由上表可见,本发明制备的基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料具有优异的吸声性能,且机械性能优异,力学性能和回弹性好,满足日常服装和特殊服装的使用需求。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料,其特征在于:所述基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料包括微纳米级软木粒子、软质聚氨酯泡沫材料和多孔纤维,所述软质聚氨酯泡沫材料附着于微纳米级软木粒子的表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料,其特征在于:所述基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料经针刺恒温加固制备得到。
3.一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将软木的树皮经粉碎装置粉碎、研磨和过筛得到微纳米级软木粒子,将微纳米级软木粒子浸渍于软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液,得到改性的软木粒子;
(2)将多孔纤维经开松后,加入步骤(1)制备的改性的软木粒子,梳理成网,在惰性气体的氛围下,一边喷涂含催化剂的发泡溶液,一边在恒温下进行针刺加固,再热压,得到含软木粒子的无纺布初品;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的含软木粒子的无纺布初品经水洗、烘干、拉幅定型,得到基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,微纳米级软木粒子的粒径为500-5000nm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,软质聚氨酯泡沫前驱体溶液中包括多异氰酸酯和多元醇,所述多异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或其混合物,所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,多孔纤维为多孔纳米聚酯纤维和多孔纳米木质素纤维中的一种或者两种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,多孔纤维与改性的软木粒子的质量比为5-10:0.5-1。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,含催化剂的发泡溶液包括发泡剂、催化剂和多元醇,所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钠,所述催化剂为三乙胺或者辛酸亚锡。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,针刺加固的温度为80-100℃,针刺密度为100-120刺/cm。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于聚氨酯发泡材料的木质素型无纺布吸声复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,热压的温度为110-120℃,时间为5-10s。
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CN108676139A (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-10-19 | 常州天晟新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种吸声降噪隔音聚氨酯泡沫材料及其制备方法、应用 |
CN114133759A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-04 | 西安交通大学 | 一种聚氨酯和软木颗粒制成的轻质多功能复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114507983A (zh) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-17 | 上海电机学院 | 一种增强多孔纤维吸油材料及其制备方法 |
IT202100005906A1 (it) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-12 | Lebiu S R L | Articolo tessile a base di sughero e procedimento per la sua fabbricazione |
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CN108676139A (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-10-19 | 常州天晟新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种吸声降噪隔音聚氨酯泡沫材料及其制备方法、应用 |
IT202100005906A1 (it) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-12 | Lebiu S R L | Articolo tessile a base di sughero e procedimento per la sua fabbricazione |
WO2022189527A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-15 | Lebiu Srl | Cork-based textile article and process for the manufacturing thereof |
CN114133759A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-04 | 西安交通大学 | 一种聚氨酯和软木颗粒制成的轻质多功能复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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