CN107999242A - A kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste - Google Patents
A kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107999242A CN107999242A CN201711379742.XA CN201711379742A CN107999242A CN 107999242 A CN107999242 A CN 107999242A CN 201711379742 A CN201711379742 A CN 201711379742A CN 107999242 A CN107999242 A CN 107999242A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- upside
- medical waste
- downside
- processing equipment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
- B02C19/0075—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for disintegrating medical waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/3003—Details
- B30B9/3035—Means for conditioning the material to be pressed, e.g. paper shredding means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/305—Drive arrangements for the press ram
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste, including base, left end is equipped with electric cabinet on the upside of base, left end corner is equipped with support leg on the upside of base, transport chamber is equipped with the upside of support leg, right end is equipped with drainage conduit on the downside of transport chamber, extrusion chamber is equipped with the downside of drainage conduit, left end is equipped with stripper plate inside extrusion chamber, telescopic rod is equipped with the left of stripper plate, inside stir chamber convex chamber is equipped with the upside of right end, convex chamber is internally provided with connecting tube, nozzle is equipped with the downside of connecting tube, drain pipe is equipped with the upside of connecting tube, thimerosal storage chamber is equipped with the upside of convex chamber, crusher chamber is equipped with the left of thimerosal storage chamber, the second motor is equipped with the upside of crusher chamber, breaker roll is equipped with the downside of second motor, the left and right sides is equipped with broken blade on the downside of breaker roll.The present invention can effectively facilitate and medical waste is handled, this scale not only increases the work efficiency of equipment, and ensure that equipment handles quality, it is therefore prevented that medical waste pollutes environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical field, is specifically a kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste.
Background technology
Medical waste is that abutment crosses patient blood, human body etc., and the pollution rubbish produced by hospital.Such as used
Cotton balls, Sha Bu, adhesive plaster, waste water, disposable medical appliance, postoperative waste products, expired medicine etc..According to health ministry
The medical examining report of door shows, since medical waste has space-pollution, the feature such as acute infection and latent contact scar, its disease
Poison, the harmfulness of germ is the tens of common house refuse, hundreds of or even thousands of times.If dealt with improperly, will cause to environment
Serious pollution, it is also possible to as the source of pestilence.
Present medical waste is typically burned or simply at sterilizing in journey is treated
Reason, so not only poor processing effect, it is easy to produce pollution, and as burning disposal, secondary pollution can be caused.Therefore, ability
Field technique personnel provide a kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste, to solve proposed in the above background technology ask
Topic.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste, to solve above-mentioned background technology
The problem of middle proposition.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solution：
A kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste, including base, the chassis interior are equipped with cushion blocking, the bottom
Seat downside corner is equipped with support base, and left end is equipped with electric cabinet on the upside of the base, and left end corner is equipped with support on the upside of the base
Leg, the support leg upside are equipped with transport chamber, and rear and front end is equipped with the first motor on the left of the transport chamber, and first motor is right
Side is equipped with shaft, is equipped with conveying flood dragon on the outside of the shaft, and right end is equipped with drainage conduit on the downside of the transport chamber, under the drainage conduit
Side is equipped with extrusion chamber, and left end is equipped with stripper plate inside the extrusion chamber, and telescopic rod, the stir chamber are equipped with the left of the stripper plate
Convex chamber is equipped with the upside of internal right end, the convex chamber is internally provided with connecting tube, several nozzles are equipped with the downside of the connecting tube, described
Drain pipe is equipped with the upside of connecting tube, the drain pipe is equipped with suction pump, thimerosal storage chamber is equipped with the upside of the convex chamber, described
Crusher chamber is equipped with the left of thimerosal storage chamber, the second motor is equipped with the upside of the crusher chamber, is set at left and right sides of second motor
There is charge door, breaker roll is equipped with the downside of second motor, the left and right sides is equipped with broken blade on the downside of the breaker roll, described broken
Left and right ends are equipped with discharge gate between broken chamber and transport chamber.
As the further scheme of the present invention：The support base interior lower end is inlaid with friction pad.
As the further scheme of the present invention：The drainage conduit is equipped with solenoid valve.
As the further scheme of the present invention：Sealing door is equipped with front side of the extrusion chamber.
As the further scheme of the present invention：The telescopic rod is attached by the support leg of connecting plate and right end.
As the further scheme of the present invention：Filling opening and sealing plug are equipped with the upside of the thimerosal storage chamber.
As further scheme of the invention：Hush panel is equipped with the upside of the charge door.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention drives broken blade to thing by the second motor
Material carries out break process, so can effectively facilitate and carry out subsequent treatment to medical waste；Driven by the first motor broken
Medical waste after broken moves to the right, then medical waste row is disinfected by nozzle, such medical waste is inverting
During carry out disinfection processing, can so be effectively guaranteed equipment disinfection efficiency and sterilisation quality；Driven by telescopic rod
Stripper plate carries out medical waste to extrude blocking processing, so facilitates the transport of medical waste；The cushion blocking of bottom, can be effective
Ground reduces the vibration of equipment, can so be effectively guaranteed the stabilization of equipment, so as to effectively increase the use longevity of equipment
Life, reduces the noise pollution of equipment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure diagram of the quick processing equipment of hospital's medical waste.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure diagram of the quick processing equipment front view of hospital's medical waste.
Fig. 3 is a kind of structure diagram of the quick processing equipment left view of hospital's medical waste.
Embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where there is no conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outer " are
Based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, it is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than instruction or dark
Show that the device of meaning or element there must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, thus it is it is not intended that right
The limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are only used for description purpose, and it is not intended that instruction or hint phase
To importance or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, the feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. can
To express or implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple "
It is meant that two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to illustrate, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected；Can
To be mechanical connection or be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected by intermediary, Ke Yishi
Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood by concrete condition
Concrete meaning in the present invention.
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
Refering to Fig. 1~3, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste, including base 1, institute
State base 1 and be internally provided with cushion blocking 2, the vibration of equipment can be efficiently reduced, can so be effectively guaranteed the steady of equipment
It is fixed, so as to effectively increase the service life of equipment, reduce the noise pollution of equipment, the 1 downside corner of base is equipped with
Support base 3,3 interior lower end of support base are inlaid with friction pad, can effectively increase the frictional force between equipment and ground,
The stabilization of equipment can be so effectively guaranteed, the 1 upside left end of base is equipped with electric cabinet 5, by electric wire and equipment
The electrical equipment in portion is attached, and can so efficiently control the operation and work of equipment, the 1 upside left end corner of base
Equipped with support leg 4, the upside of support leg 4 is equipped with transport chamber 6, and the 6 left side rear and front end of transport chamber is equipped with the first motor 7,
The right side of first motor 7 is equipped with shaft 8, and the outside of shaft 8 is equipped with conveying flood dragon 9, can effectively facilitate after crushing
Medical waste is transported, and can drive medical waste with transport flood dragon 9 inverted, so facilitate medical waste into
Row is disinfected, and the 6 downside right end of transport chamber is equipped with drainage conduit 10, and the drainage conduit 10 is equipped with solenoid valve, the discharge
The downside of pipe 10 is equipped with extrusion chamber 11, and the front side of extrusion chamber 11 is equipped with sealing door, and the 11 inside left end of extrusion chamber is equipped with extruding
Plate 12, the left side of stripper plate 12 are equipped with telescopic rod 13, and the telescopic rod 13 is connected by the support leg 4 of connecting plate and right end
Connect, crushing block processing effectively can be carried out to medical waste, so facilitate the transport of medical waste, in the stir chamber 6
Convex chamber 14 is equipped with the upside of portion's right end, the convex chamber 14 is internally provided with connecting tube 15, and the downside of connecting tube 15 is equipped with several sprays
First 16, the upside of connecting tube 15 is equipped with drain pipe 17, and the drain pipe 17 is equipped with suction pump 18, and the convex upside of chamber 14 is set
There is thimerosal storage chamber 19, the upside of thimerosal storage chamber 19 is equipped with filling opening and sealing plug, can be effectively to transporting
Medical waste in journey carries out spray disinfectant, can so be effectively improved the work efficiency of equipment, and ensure that doctor
The quality of waste sanitation is treated, the left side of thimerosal storage chamber 19 is equipped with crusher chamber 20, and the upside of crusher chamber 20 is equipped with second
Motor 21, the left and right sides of second motor 21 are equipped with charge door 22, are equipped with hush panel on the upside of the charge door 22, and described second
The downside of motor 21 is equipped with breaker roll 23, and the downside of breaker roll 23 left and right sides is equipped with broken blade 24,20 He of crusher chamber
Left and right ends are equipped with discharge gate 25 between transport chamber 6, drive broken blade 24 to carry out broken place to material by the second motor 21
Reason, so can effectively facilitate and carry out subsequent treatment to medical waste, so as to be effectively improved the work of equipment
Efficiency.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.Any reference numeral in claim should not be considered as to the involved claim of limitation.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this narrating mode of specification is only that those skilled in the art should for clarity
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It is appreciated that other embodiment.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste, including base, it is characterised in that the chassis interior is equipped with vibration damping
Pad, the Its lower side corner are equipped with support base, and left end is equipped with electric cabinet, base upside left end corner on the upside of the base
Equipped with support leg, being equipped with transport chamber on the upside of the support leg, transport chamber left side rear and front end is equipped with the first motor, and described the
Shaft is equipped with the right side of one motor, conveying flood dragon is equipped with the outside of the shaft, right end is equipped with drainage conduit on the downside of the transport chamber, described
Extrusion chamber is equipped with the downside of drainage conduit, left end is equipped with stripper plate inside the extrusion chamber, and telescopic rod, institute are equipped with the left of the stripper plate
State and be equipped with convex chamber inside stir chamber on the upside of right end, the convex chamber is internally provided with connecting tube, several are equipped with the downside of the connecting tube
Nozzle, the connecting tube upside are equipped with drain pipe, and the drain pipe is equipped with suction pump, is deposited on the upside of the convex chamber equipped with thimerosal
Storage chamber, the thimerosal storage chamber left side are equipped with crusher chamber, the second motor are equipped with the upside of the crusher chamber, and second motor is left
Right both sides are equipped with charge door, and breaker roll is equipped with the downside of second motor, and the left and right sides is equipped with crushing cutter on the downside of the breaker roll
Piece, left and right ends are equipped with discharge gate between the crusher chamber and transport chamber.
A kind of 2. hospital according to claim 1 quick processing equipment of medical waste, it is characterised in that the support base
Interior lower end is inlaid with friction pad.
A kind of 3. hospital according to claim 1 quick processing equipment of medical waste, it is characterised in that the drainage conduit
It is equipped with solenoid valve.
A kind of 4. hospital according to claim 1 quick processing equipment of medical waste, it is characterised in that the extrusion chamber
Front side is equipped with sealing door.
A kind of 5. hospital according to claim 1 quick processing equipment of medical waste, it is characterised in that the telescopic rod
It is attached by the support leg of connecting plate and right end.
A kind of 6. hospital according to claim 1 quick processing equipment of medical waste, it is characterised in that the thimerosal
Filling opening and sealing plug are equipped with the upside of storage chamber.
A kind of 7. hospital according to claim 1 quick processing equipment of medical waste, it is characterised in that the charge door
Upside is equipped with hush panel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711379742.XA CN107999242A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711379742.XA CN107999242A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107999242A true CN107999242A (en) | 2018-05-08 |
Family
ID=62059972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711379742.XA Withdrawn CN107999242A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107999242A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108856239A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-23 | 绍兴市松陵造船有限责任公司 | A kind of overseas freighter refuse treatment plant |
| CN109261307A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-25 | 江苏叙然信息科技有限公司 | Refuse treatment plant is used in a kind of improvement of novel environmental |
| CN109760357A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-17 | 河南省肿瘤医院 | A kind of gynaecology's refuse disposal installation |
| CN109967186A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-05 | 广州市联冠机械有限公司 | A kind of medical waste crushing device |
| CN110302413A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-08 | 台州路桥博仁环保设备有限公司 | A kind of hospital internal uses Medical waste treatment box |
| CN110369062A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-25 | 湖南丹尼尔智能科技有限公司 | A kind of processing device of medical waste |
| CN110550355A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-10 | 唐伟 | Wisdom city management waste classification conveyer |
| CN110947226A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-04-03 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Solid-liquid preseparation device for sewage treatment |
| CN111359866A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-07-03 | 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 | Kitchen garbage disposal machine |
| CN112717174A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-30 | 莱州洁宇机械设备有限公司 | Domestic waste handles with odour removal device that disinfects |
| CN112871417A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-01 | 郭长强 | Toxic garbage crushing and sterilizing equipment |
| CN113000153A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-22 | 金赛赛 | Infectious medical waste harmless treatment device with high efficiency |
| CN113367803A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-09-10 | 山东第一医科大学附属省立医院(山东省立医院) | Medical waste isolation and transfer device with multilayer airtight protection structure |
-
2017
- 2017-12-20 CN CN201711379742.XA patent/CN107999242A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108856239A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-23 | 绍兴市松陵造船有限责任公司 | A kind of overseas freighter refuse treatment plant |
| CN109261307A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-25 | 江苏叙然信息科技有限公司 | Refuse treatment plant is used in a kind of improvement of novel environmental |
| CN109760357A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-17 | 河南省肿瘤医院 | A kind of gynaecology's refuse disposal installation |
| CN109967186A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-05 | 广州市联冠机械有限公司 | A kind of medical waste crushing device |
| CN110302413A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-08 | 台州路桥博仁环保设备有限公司 | A kind of hospital internal uses Medical waste treatment box |
| CN110369062A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-25 | 湖南丹尼尔智能科技有限公司 | A kind of processing device of medical waste |
| CN110550355A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-10 | 唐伟 | Wisdom city management waste classification conveyer |
| CN110947226A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-04-03 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Solid-liquid preseparation device for sewage treatment |
| CN111359866A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-07-03 | 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 | Kitchen garbage disposal machine |
| CN111359866B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 | Kitchen garbage disposal machine |
| CN112871417A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-01 | 郭长强 | Toxic garbage crushing and sterilizing equipment |
| CN112717174A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-30 | 莱州洁宇机械设备有限公司 | Domestic waste handles with odour removal device that disinfects |
| CN113000153A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-22 | 金赛赛 | Infectious medical waste harmless treatment device with high efficiency |
| CN113367803A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-09-10 | 山东第一医科大学附属省立医院(山东省立医院) | Medical waste isolation and transfer device with multilayer airtight protection structure |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107999242A (en) | A kind of hospital quick processing equipment of medical waste | |
| CN108273823A (en) | A kind for the treatment of of!medical waste equipment | |
| CN113213009B (en) | Operating room abandonment refuse collection processing apparatus | |
| CN207254907U (en) | A kind of medical waste crushes disinfection extrusion process all-in-one machine | |
| CN208098326U (en) | A kind of Medical waste disposing device | |
| CN211386257U (en) | Environment-friendly medical waste crushing device | |
| CN107309246A (en) | A kind of medical waste sterilizes compressing treatment device | |
| CN108043537A (en) | A kind of medical waste hot air sterilization processing equipment | |
| CN105536025A (en) | Medical waste crushing and disinfecting treatment equipment | |
| CN108453118A (en) | A kind of medical waste is rotatably separable processing equipment | |
| CN205526054U (en) | Multi -functional medical trash can | |
| CN112517599A (en) | Medical waste treatment device and treatment method thereof | |
| CN108480359A (en) | A kind of medical waste quick separating processing equipment | |
| CN106623375A (en) | Ozone-type medical waste treatment device | |
| CN207493752U (en) | A kind of medical waste reducing mechanism for being avoided that bacteria breed | |
| CN108816459A (en) | A kind of medical waste disinfection robot of the odorous processing of band | |
| CN108479984A (en) | A kind of multi-functional separating treatment equipment of medical waste | |
| CN110340117A (en) | A kind for the treatment of of!medical waste device with recycling irony material | |
| CN207357765U (en) | A kind of medical waste sterilizes compressing treatment device | |
| CN108526190A (en) | A kind of full-automatic medical waste grinding device | |
| CN108126817A (en) | A kind of reciprocating medical waste of double rack crushes disinfection unit | |
| CN108216982A (en) | A kind of sterilization dustbin with preferable leakproofness | |
| CN108356053A (en) | A kind of glass treatment of!medical waste device | |
| CN210112805U (en) | Air sterilization device for preventing infectious disease diffusion in hospital | |
| CN209139460U (en) | A kind for the treatment of of!medical waste device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180508 |
|
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |