CN107994694B - Low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor - Google Patents
Low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107994694B CN107994694B CN201711493080.9A CN201711493080A CN107994694B CN 107994694 B CN107994694 B CN 107994694B CN 201711493080 A CN201711493080 A CN 201711493080A CN 107994694 B CN107994694 B CN 107994694B
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- stator
- rotor
- outer ring
- field effect
- inner ring
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
- H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
- H02K11/22—Optical devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
The low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor comprises a stator, a rotor and a driving device, wherein the stator comprises an annular stator core and a plurality of stator windings wound on the stator core, and the stator windings are uniformly arranged on the stator core; the rotor comprises a rotor outer ring and a rotor inner ring which are coaxial with the stator core and are respectively positioned at the outer side and the inner side of the stator, the rotor outer ring and the rotor inner ring are both fixed on a central shaft which is rotationally connected with a stator base, a plurality of outer ring magnets corresponding to stator windings are uniformly distributed at the inner side of the rotor outer ring, and the opposite poles of adjacent outer ring magnets are adjacent; the rotor inner ring is provided with inner ring magnets corresponding to the outer ring magnets one by one, and homopolar radial opposition is carried out between each inner ring magnet and the corresponding outer ring magnet. The invention improves the structure and the driving mode of the rotor and the stator of the motor at the same time, and practices prove that the motor has small inductance of the electrified winding and large power factor, has higher efficiency than the traditional motor, can greatly reduce the power consumption of the motor, and achieves the aims of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a motor, in particular to a permanent magnet direct current motor powered by a direct current power supply.
Background
The rotation driving force of the motor mainly comes from the interaction force between the magnetic poles (the homopolar repulsion and the heteropolar attraction), and the traditional motor has various types, but no matter which type of motor has a rotating magnetic field, the rotating magnetic field is necessarily an open magnetic field (namely, no good magnetizer is closed in a magnetic circuit), otherwise, the interaction force between the magnetic poles can not be generated. In an ac asynchronous motor, a stator winding generates a rotating magnetic field, an internal rotor is a closed-loop conductor, and the closed-loop conductor interacts with the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator winding due to the generation of an induced magnetic field to generate a rotating moment so as to drive the rotor to rotate. Because of the reason of the exciting winding structure, the magnetic leakage is larger, the efficiency of the traditional motor is generally not very high, and the waste of electric energy is caused, so that the improvement is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor so as to improve the efficiency of the motor and achieve the aims of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor comprises a stator, a rotor and a driving device, wherein the stator comprises an annular stator core and a plurality of stator windings wound on the stator core, and the stator windings are uniformly arranged on the stator core; the rotor comprises a rotor outer ring and a rotor inner ring which are coaxial with the stator core and are respectively positioned at the outer side and the inner side of the stator, the rotor outer ring and the rotor inner ring are both fixed on a central shaft which is rotationally connected with a stator base, a plurality of outer ring magnets corresponding to stator windings are uniformly distributed at the inner side of the rotor outer ring, and the opposite poles of adjacent outer ring magnets are adjacent; the rotor inner ring is provided with a plurality of inner ring magnets corresponding to the outer ring magnets one by one, and homopolar opposition is carried out between each inner ring magnet and the corresponding outer ring magnet.
The driving device comprises a plurality of winding driving units corresponding to each stator winding, each winding driving unit comprises four field effect transistors, four groove-type optocouplers and a light shielding plate corresponding to each groove-type optocoupler, one end of each stator winding is connected with the cathode of a direct current power supply through a first field effect tube of the corresponding winding driving unit and the anode of the direct current power supply through a second field effect tube, the other end of each stator winding is connected with the anode of the direct current power supply through a third field effect tube and the cathode of the direct current power supply through a fourth field effect tube, the grid electrodes of the four field effect tubes are connected with the photoelectric tubes of the four groove-type optocouplers respectively, and the grid electrode of each field effect tube is provided with a pull-up resistor, and the light shielding plate is fixed on the inner ring of the rotor.
In the low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor, when the stator winding is positioned between the S poles of the pair of inner ring magnets and the outer ring magnets, the groove-shaped optocouplers connected with the first field effect tube and the third field effect tube are triggered by the corresponding light shielding plates, and when the stator winding is positioned between the N poles of the pair of inner ring magnets and the outer ring magnets, the groove-shaped optocouplers connected with the second field effect tube and the fourth field effect tube are triggered by the corresponding light shielding plates.
In the low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor, the stator core is a laminated core.
The invention improves the structure and the driving mode of the rotor and the stator of the motor at the same time, and experiments prove that the motor has small inductance of the electrified winding, small magnetic leakage and large power factor, has higher efficiency than the traditional motor, can greatly reduce the power consumption of the motor, and achieves the aims of saving energy and reducing consumption.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the rotor and stator construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the rotor and stator;
FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic of a winding drive unit;
fig. 4 is a diagram of force analysis of a stator and a rotor of the motor.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 1. the rotor comprises a stator, 2, a rotor outer ring, 3, an outer ring magnet, 4, an inner ring magnet, 5, a rotor inner ring, 6, a light shielding plate, 7, a central shaft, 8, a stator core, B, a direct current power supply, L, a stator winding, Q1-Q4, first field effect transistors to fourth field effect transistors, T1-T4, photoelectric tubes of a first groove type optocoupler to photoelectric tubes of a fourth groove type optocoupler, R1-R4 and first pull-up resistors to fourth pull-up resistors.
Detailed Description
The structural characteristics are as follows:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention is a permanent magnet direct current motor, wherein a permanent magnet part is a rotor, and an iron core winding is a stator part. The stator core and the stator windings are obviously different from the traditional motor, the stator core is a single annular closed laminated core, and a plurality of stator windings are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the whole annular stator core. The permanent magnet rotor comprises a central shaft 7, a rotor outer ring 2, a rotor inner ring 5, a plurality of outer ring magnets 3 and a plurality of inner ring magnets 4, wherein the central shaft 7 is rotationally connected with a stator base (not shown in the figure) through a bearing, one ends of the rotor outer ring 2 and the rotor inner ring 5 are fixed on the central shaft 7, annular grooves for accommodating stator iron cores and stator windings are formed between the rotor outer ring 2 and the rotor inner ring 5, the outer ring magnets 3 and the inner ring magnets 4 are positioned in the annular grooves and are respectively arranged on the rotor outer ring 2 and the rotor inner ring 5, homopolar opposition is carried out between the outer ring magnets 3 and the inner ring magnets 4 in the annular grooves, and heteropolar adjacency is formed between adjacent outer ring magnets 3 and adjacent inner ring magnets 4; the stator core and the stator winding are arranged in the annular groove of the rotor and are not in direct contact with the rotor, and one end of the stator is connected with the stator base.
Referring to fig. 3, the winding driving unit of each stator winding includes four field effect transistors, four slot-type optocouplers, and a light shielding plate 6 corresponding to each slot-type optocoupler, where the light shielding plate 6 is fixed on the rotor inner ring 5 and corresponds to the slot-type optocoupler. When the light shielding plate 6 rotates to the corresponding groove-shaped optocoupler along with the rotor inner ring 5, the corresponding groove-shaped optocoupler is triggered, the photoelectric tube of the corresponding groove-shaped optocoupler outputs a high level, and when the light shielding plate 6 leaves the groove-shaped optocoupler, the photoelectric tube of the groove-shaped optocoupler outputs a low level. In fig. 3, when the stator winding L is located between the S poles of the pair of inner ring magnets and outer ring magnets, the first slot type optocoupler and the third slot type optocoupler are triggered, the phototransistor T1 of the first slot type optocoupler and the phototransistor T3 of the third slot type optocoupler output high levels, the first field effect transistor Q1 and the third field effect transistor Q3 are turned on, and a current from right to left flows in the stator winding L; when the stator winding L is positioned between N poles of the pair of inner ring magnets and the pair of outer ring magnets, the second groove-type optocoupler and the fourth groove-type optocoupler are triggered, the phototube T2 of the second groove-type optocoupler and the phototube T4 of the fourth groove-type optocoupler output high level, the second field effect tube Q2 and the fourth field effect tube Q4 are conducted, and current from left to right flows in the stator winding L.
Principle of rotation:
the stator winding of the invention does not generate a rotating magnetic field like a traditional motor, most of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding is positioned in an annular stator core, and the magnetic flux loops of the permanent magnets (namely the outer ring magnet 3 and the inner ring magnet 4) attached to the rotor are as follows: one end passes through the rotor core (namely the rotor outer ring 2 and the rotor inner ring 5), and the other end passes through the stator winding and the stator core to form the shortest magnetic loop. The energized stator windings are subjected to ampere force in the magnetic field, and the ampere force acts on the rotor reversely to form a rotating moment according to Newton's third law. The invention improves working efficiency of the winding to the greatest extent because the windings of the electrified coil are all positioned in the magnetic field of the rotor, so that more than 90% of the total length of the winding coil directly participates in working, and loss caused by magnetic leakage of the winding is greatly reduced.
The circuit is characterized in that:
because all stator windings share an annular stator core, the number of windings electrified in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction at any moment is equal, and the current is basically consistent, the magnetic flux in the core is small, so the impedance of the electrified stator windings is also small and approaches to the internal resistance of the coil (namely the internal resistance of the lead). The reduction of the inductance of the motor can increase the power factor of the motor, thereby reducing the reactive power loss of the motor and improving the efficiency of the motor. In order to reduce the loss to the maximum extent, the invention adopts the following measures from the aspects of circuit and structural design: (1) the stator windings must be even in number and symmetrically distributed; (2) the N, S magnetic poles of the permanent magnets facing the stator winding on the rotor are alternately arranged at intervals and are in even groups; (3) the conducting current direction of each stator winding corresponds to the polarity of the permanent magnet vertically opposite to the conducting current direction, and the polarity change current direction is changed; (4) the stator winding distribution and the magnetic pole polarity distribution of the permanent magnet are ensured to be symmetrical in structure, so that the stator windings in two current directions are equal in number and synchronous in the on-state and synchronous in the off-state; (5) the turn-off and turn-on time points must be noted that only the arc line segment where the coil is located is turned on in the perpendicular radiation area of the magnetic force line (the current direction corresponds to the magnetic pole), otherwise, the power supply of the coil is turned off.
Claims (2)
1. The low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor is characterized by comprising a stator (1), a rotor and a driving device, wherein the stator (1) comprises an annular stator core (8) and a plurality of stator windings (L) wound on the stator core (8), and the stator windings (L) are uniformly arranged on the stator core (8); the rotor comprises a rotor outer ring (2) and a rotor inner ring (5) which are coaxial with a stator core (8) and are respectively positioned at the outer side and the inner side of a stator (1), the rotor outer ring (2) and the rotor inner ring (5) are both fixed on a central shaft (7) which is rotationally connected with a stator base, a plurality of outer ring magnets (3) corresponding to a stator winding (L) are uniformly distributed at the inner side of the rotor outer ring (2), and different poles of adjacent outer ring magnets (3) are adjacent; a plurality of inner ring magnets (4) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the outer ring magnets (3) are arranged on the rotor inner ring (5), homopolar opposition is carried out between each inner ring magnet (4) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (3), and the outer ring magnets and the inner ring magnets are coaxially and radially opposite and are axially symmetrically distributed;
the driving device comprises a plurality of winding driving units corresponding to each stator winding (L), each winding driving unit comprises four field effect transistors, four groove-shaped optocouplers and a light shielding plate (6) corresponding to each groove-shaped optocoupler, one end of each stator winding (L) is connected with a negative electrode of a direct current power supply through a first field effect transistor (Q1) of the corresponding winding driving unit and is connected with a positive electrode of the direct current power supply through a second field effect transistor (Q2), the other end of each stator winding is connected with a positive electrode of the direct current power supply through a third field effect transistor (Q3) and is connected with a negative electrode of the direct current power supply through a fourth field effect transistor (Q4), grids of each field effect transistor are grounded through photoelectric tubes of the four groove-shaped optocouplers respectively, and each grid electrode of each field effect transistor is provided with a pull-up resistor, and the light shielding plate (6) is fixed on an inner rotor ring (5);
when the stator winding (L) is positioned between the S poles of the pair of inner ring magnets (4) and the outer ring magnets (3), the groove-shaped optocouplers connected with the first field effect tube (Q1) and the third field effect tube (Q3) are triggered by the corresponding light shielding plates (6), and when the stator winding (L) is positioned between the pair of inner ring magnets (4) and the N poles of the outer ring magnets (3), the groove-shaped optocouplers connected with the second field effect tube (Q2) and the fourth field effect tube (Q4) are triggered by the corresponding light shielding plates (6);
the following measures are also taken in circuit and structural design: (1) the stator windings must be even in number and symmetrically distributed; (2) the N, S magnetic poles of the permanent magnets facing the stator winding on the rotor are alternately arranged at intervals and are in even groups; (3) the conducting current direction of each stator winding corresponds to the polarity of the permanent magnet vertically opposite to the conducting current direction, and the polarity change current direction is changed; (4) the stator winding distribution and the magnetic pole polarity distribution of the permanent magnet are ensured to be symmetrical in structure, so that the stator windings in two current directions are equal in number and synchronous in the on-state and synchronous in the off-state; (5) the turn-off and turn-on time points must be noted that only the arc line segment where the coil is located can be turned on in the perpendicular radiation area of the magnetic force line, the current direction corresponds to the magnetic pole, otherwise, the power supply of the coil is turned off.
2. The low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator core (8) is a laminated core.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711493080.9A CN107994694B (en) | 2017-12-30 | 2017-12-30 | Low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711493080.9A CN107994694B (en) | 2017-12-30 | 2017-12-30 | Low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107994694A CN107994694A (en) | 2018-05-04 |
| CN107994694B true CN107994694B (en) | 2024-02-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711493080.9A Active CN107994694B (en) | 2017-12-30 | 2017-12-30 | Low-loss permanent magnet direct current motor |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN107994694B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109167498A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-08 | 杨济阁 | Rare earth permanent magnet magnetic suspension AC/DC motor |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09308288A (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-28 | Souwa Denki Seisakusho:Kk | Dc motor driving circuit |
| JP2007159282A (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Motor |
| CN101958627A (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2011-01-26 | 冯鲁民 | Photoelectric non-computer-controlled switched reluctance motor |
| CN207910564U (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-09-25 | 保定市硕成科技有限公司 | A kind of low consumption permanent magnetism direct current generator |
-
2017
- 2017-12-30 CN CN201711493080.9A patent/CN107994694B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09308288A (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-28 | Souwa Denki Seisakusho:Kk | Dc motor driving circuit |
| JP2007159282A (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Motor |
| CN101958627A (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2011-01-26 | 冯鲁民 | Photoelectric non-computer-controlled switched reluctance motor |
| CN207910564U (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-09-25 | 保定市硕成科技有限公司 | A kind of low consumption permanent magnetism direct current generator |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN107994694A (en) | 2018-05-04 |
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