CN107994090A - 一种散热性能好的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种散热性能好的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107994090A CN107994090A CN201711107202.6A CN201711107202A CN107994090A CN 107994090 A CN107994090 A CN 107994090A CN 201711107202 A CN201711107202 A CN 201711107202A CN 107994090 A CN107994090 A CN 107994090A
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- perfect heat
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种散热性能好的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法,属于太阳能电池技术领域。包括有依次排列的基层、导热聚合物层以及耐候聚合物层,各层之间通过胶粘剂相互连接;所述的基层的材料是PET膜;所述的导热聚合物层是指改性聚丙烯酸树脂。本发明提供的太阳能电池背板,具有导热性能好、强度高、耐候性能好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种散热性能好的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法,属于太阳能电池技术领域。
背景技术
有关统计显示,全球的石油大约能够再供应人类45年,天然气也只能供应61年,煤炭稍长,但也只有大约230年。中国的能源形势更加严峻,根据目前的统计,中国石油储量仅够开采15年,天然气约可开采30年,而煤炭也不过80年,与此同时,由于经济的高速增长,国内能源需求仍在高速增加。现在进口原油已占总消费量的40%--50%。
利用太阳能发电的优点包括有:没有运转部件,可以安静的生产清洁能源;维护简单,容易实现自动化和无人化;与规模大小无关,可按一定的效率发电;由于是模板结构,易于产生规模化效益;用扩散光也可以发电;光发电是对废弃能源的有效利用。
太阳能电池是利用光电转换原理使太阳的辐射光通过半导体物质转变为电能的一种器件,这种光电转换过程通常叫做“光生伏打效应”,因此太阳能电池又称为“光伏电池”。
电池背板位于组件的背面的最外层,在户外环境下保护太阳能电池组件不受水汽的侵蚀,阻隔氧气防止氧化、耐高低温、良好的绝缘性和耐老化性能、耐腐蚀性能,可以反射阳光,提高组件的转化效率,具有较高的红外发射率,可以降低组件的温度。背板的技术要求包括有:机械强度;耐湿热老化性能;耐紫外辐射性能;电绝缘性能;阻隔性。
CN104393080A公开了一种真空等离子体改性太阳能电池背板及其制备方法,该真空等离子体改性太阳能电池背板包括基材层、耐候膜和粘结层,所述耐候膜包括以下重量份计的组分:六溴环十二烷10~100份、聚甲基苯乙烯20~100份、二氧化硅40~60份、柠檬酸三丁酯70~120份、二甲苯磺酸钠100~120份、羟基乙叉二膦酸130~150份、对二羟基甲苯120~150份、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺70~80份。制备方法:将各成分混合均匀,干燥,加热至500~600℃,挤出造粒,制成耐候膜;真空等离子处理耐候膜1~2s;复合制成太阳能电池背板。CN103180967A涉及一种太阳光发电用太阳能电池模块的背板,本发明包括:第一树脂层,其贴附在太阳能电池的下部的EVA;热传导层,其配备在上述第一树脂层的下面部;下部层,其配备在上述热传导层的下面部;及粘结层,其配备在上述第一树脂层与热传导层之间;下部层是无机涂料或有机无机复合混合型涂料所构成的导热性涂层或者由第二树脂层构成。
但是上述的太阳能电池背板仍然存在着导热性不好、强度低的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种散热性能好的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法,该太阳能电池背板具有导热性能好、强度高、耐候性能好的优点。
技术方案是:
一种散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,包括有依次排列的基层、导热聚合物层以及耐候聚合物层,各层之间通过胶粘剂相互连接。
所述的基层的材料是PET膜。
所述的导热聚合物层是指改性聚丙烯酸树脂。
所述的导热聚合物层包括有按重量份计的改性聚丙烯酸树脂80~100份、导热填料20~30份、增塑剂2~4份、交联剂1~3份、成核剂2~4份、增容剂3~7份、润滑剂3~6份、表面活性剂2~5份和固化剂10~15份。
所述的成核剂选自酰胺类有机成核剂、酰肼类有机成核剂、稀土类成核剂中的一种。
所述润滑剂选自硬脂酸或液体石蜡。
所述的增塑剂可以是乙二醇、丙二醇、山梨醇或者甘油中的一种或者几种。
所述的交联剂可以是甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、多聚乙醛或者环氧氯丙烷中的一种或者几种。
所述的增容剂是乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸乙酯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物中的一种。
所述的耐候层的材料是聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜、聚乙烯-四氟乙烯(ETFE)膜、聚氟乙烯(PVF)膜中的任意一种,或者由聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树脂、聚氟乙烯(PVF)树脂、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)树脂、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物(THV)树脂、氟乙烯(四氟乙烯或三氟氯乙烯)和乙烯基醚共聚物(FEVE)树脂中的任意一种。
所述的胶粘剂选自聚氨酯胶粘剂或者丙烯酸胶粘剂。
所述的太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将基层、导热聚合物层和耐候聚合物层相互通过胶粘剂进行粘接。
所述的改性聚丙烯酸树脂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按重量份计,将苯乙烯10~20份、丙烯酸20~32份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)3~8份、有机硅单体3~6份、醋酸乙烯酯5~9份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯6~12份、引发剂1~3份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂50~70份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持10~20分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持1.5~2.5小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂1~3份,并在回流状态下保持2~4小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰。
所述的有机硅单体为一甲基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、一苯基三乙氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种的混合物。
所述的导热聚合物层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将各个成分混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比至少为32~40,挤出机的转速为180~400转/分,挤出温度为260~300℃。
有益效果
本发明提供的太阳能电池背板,具有导热性能好、强度高、耐候性能好的优点。
具体实施方式
本发明所提供的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,包括有依次排列的基层、导热聚合物层以及耐候聚合物层,各层之间通过胶粘剂相互连接。
其中,基层的材料可以是PET膜。
导热聚合物层是指改性聚丙烯酸树脂。
耐候聚合物层的材质可以选自公知的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜、聚乙烯-四氟乙烯(ETFE)膜、聚氟乙烯(PVF)膜中的任意一种,或者由聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树脂、聚氟乙烯(PVF)树脂、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)树脂、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物(THV)树脂、氟乙烯(四氟乙烯或三氟氯乙烯)和乙烯基醚共聚物(FEVE)树脂中的任意一种构成的氟碳涂料涂布而成。
其中,导热聚合物层的组成材料可以包括有按重量份计的改性聚丙烯酸树脂80~100份、导热填料20~30份、增塑剂2~4份、交联剂1~3份、成核剂2~4份、增容剂3~7份、润滑剂3~6份、表面活性剂2~5份和固化剂10~15份。
改性聚丙烯酸树脂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按重量份计,将苯乙烯10~20份、丙烯酸20~32份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)3~8份、有机硅单体3~6份、醋酸乙烯酯5~9份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯6~12份、引发剂1~3份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂50~70份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持10~20分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持1.5~2.5小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂1~3份,并在回流状态下保持2~4小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰。
所述的有机硅单体为一甲基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、一苯基三乙氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种的混合物。
另外,上述的表面活性剂优选是非离子表面活性剂,例如,线型聚氧化烯烷基醚类,如聚氧化乙烯己基醚,聚氧化乙烯辛基醚,聚氧化乙烯癸基醚,聚氧化乙烯月桂基醚和聚氧化乙烯十六烷基醚;支化聚氧化烯基伯烷基醚类,如聚氧化乙烯2-乙基己基醚,聚氧化乙烯异十六烷基醚和聚氧化乙烯异硬脂基醚;支化聚氧化烯仲烷基醚类,如聚氧化乙烯1-己基己基醚,聚氧化乙烯1-辛基己基醚,聚氧化乙烯1-己基辛基醚,聚氧化乙烯1-戊基庚基醚和聚氧化乙烯1-庚基戊基醚;聚氧化烯链烯基醚类,如聚氧化乙烯油烯基醚;聚氧化烯烷基苯基醚类,如聚氧化乙烯辛基苯基醚,聚氧化乙烯壬基苯基醚,和聚氧化乙烯十二烷基苯基醚;聚氧化烯烷基芳基苯基醚类,如聚氧化乙烯三苯乙烯基苯基醚,聚氧化乙烯二苯乙烯基苯基醚,聚氧化乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚,聚氧化乙烯三苄基苯基,聚氧化乙烯二苄基苯基醚,以及聚氧化乙烯苄基苯基醚;聚氧化烯脂肪酸酯类,如聚氧化乙烯单月桂酸酯,聚氧化乙烯单油酸酯,聚氧化乙烯单硬脂酸酯,聚氧化乙烯单肉豆蔻酸酯,聚氧化乙烯二月桂酸酯,聚氧化乙烯二油酸酯,聚氧化乙烯二肉豆蔻酸酯,以及聚氧化乙烯二硬脂酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇酯类,如脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯和脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯;聚氧化烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯类,如聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯和聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯;甘油脂肪酸酯类,如甘油单硬脂酸酯,甘油单月桂酸酯和甘油单棕榈酸酯;聚氧化烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯类;蔗糖脂肪酸酯类;聚氧化烯蓖麻油醚类,如聚氧化乙烯蓖麻油醚;聚氧化烯氢化蓖麻油醚类,如聚氧化乙烯氢化蓖麻油醚;聚氧化烯烷基氨基醚类,如聚氧化乙烯月桂基氨基醚和聚氧化乙烯硬脂基氨基醚;氧化乙烯-氧化丙烯嵌段或无规共聚物;末端烷基醚化的氧化乙烯基-氧化丙烯基嵌段或无规共聚物;和末端蔗糖-醚化的氧化乙烯-氧化丙烯嵌段或无规共聚物。
作为增塑剂,例如,可以使用磷酸酯类增塑剂、邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂、柠檬酸酯类增塑剂等,然而并不限于这些。磷酸酯类有磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸甲苯二苯酯、磷酸辛基二苯酯、磷酸二苯基联苯酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸三丁酯等,邻苯二甲酸酯类有邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸二苄酯、丁基邻苯二甲酰基甘醇酸丁酯(butylphthalylbutylglycolate)、乙基邻苯二甲酰基甘醇酸乙酯(ethylphthalylethylglycolate)、甲基邻苯二甲酰基甘醇酸乙酯等(methylphthalylethylglycolate),作为柠檬酸酯类增塑剂可优选使用柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三正丁酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三乙酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三正丁酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三-正(2-乙基己)酯等。这些增塑剂可以使用其一种或两种以上。
所述的交联剂为乙二胺、丁二胺、碳化二亚胺、三羟甲基三聚氰胺、二羟甲基脲或氮丙啶。
所述的增塑剂可以是乙二醇、丙二醇、山梨醇或者甘油中的一种或者几种。
本发明中所采用的导热填料一般是指指惰性且导热性好的固体颗粒状物质,例如细碎硅酸,如热解硅酸或硅胶,二氧化钛,氢氧化物如氢氧化铝,碳酸钾、碳酸镁和碳酸钙,硅酸盐如硅酸钠、硅酸镁、滑石、硅酸钙、硅酸锌,铝硅酸盐如铝硅酸钠、铝硅酸钾、铝硅酸钙,膨润土,高岭土。这些可以单独使用也可以2种以上并用。
润滑剂例如钙、硬脂酸铵和硬脂酸锌、蜡或蜡乳液、烷基烯酮二聚体、二醇等。
适用于本发明的固化剂可以选自市售产品:六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)及其二聚体、三聚体,4,4二异氰酸酯二苯甲烷(MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5三甲基环已基异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的一种或多种。
所述的导热聚合物层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将各个成分混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比至少为32~40,挤出机的转速为180~400转/分,挤出温度为260~300℃。
实施例1
采用150μm厚的PET薄膜作为基材,采用20μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜作为耐候聚合物层。
制备改性聚烯聚丙烯酸树脂:
按重量份计,将苯乙烯10份、丙烯酸20份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)3份、一甲基三乙氧基硅烷3份、醋酸乙烯酯5份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯6份、引发剂1份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂50份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持10分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持1.5小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰1份,并在回流状态下保持2小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰。
制备导热聚合物层的制备方法,按重量份计,将改性聚丙烯酸树脂80份、导热填料(二氧化钛)20份、增塑剂(丙二醇)2份、交联剂(乙醛)1份、胺类有机成核剂2份、增容剂(乙烯丙烯酸共聚物)3份、润滑剂(硬脂酸)3份、表面活性剂(脱水山梨糖醇酯)2份和固化剂(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)10份混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为32,挤出机的转速为180转/分,挤出温度为260℃,导热聚合物层的厚度约为20μm。
再采用聚氨酯脱水将PET薄膜、导热聚合物层、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜依次粘接,胶水层厚度约15μm,升温至70℃固化2h即可。
实施例2
采用150μm厚的PET薄膜作为基材,采用20μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜作为耐候聚合物层。
制备改性聚烯聚丙烯酸树脂:
按重量份计,将苯乙烯20份、丙烯酸32份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)8份、一甲基三乙氧基硅烷6份、醋酸乙烯酯9份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯12份、引发剂3份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂70份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持20分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持2.5小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰3份,并在回流状态下保持4小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰。
制备导热聚合物层的制备方法,按重量份计,将改性聚丙烯酸树脂100份、导热填料(二氧化钛)30份、增塑剂(丙二醇)4份、交联剂(乙醛)3份、胺类有机成核剂4份、增容剂(乙烯丙烯酸共聚物)7份、润滑剂(硬脂酸)6份、表面活性剂(脱水山梨糖醇酯)5份和固化剂(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)15份混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为40,挤出机的转速为400转/分,挤出温度为300℃,导热聚合物层的厚度约为20μm。
再采用聚氨酯脱水将PET薄膜、导热聚合物层、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜依次粘接,胶水层厚度约15μm,升温至70℃固化2h即可。
实施例3
采用150μm厚的PET薄膜作为基材,采用20μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜作为耐候聚合物层。
制备改性聚烯聚丙烯酸树脂:
按重量份计,将苯乙烯15份、丙烯酸25份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)5份、一甲基三乙氧基硅烷5份、醋酸乙烯酯6份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯8份、引发剂2份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂60份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持15分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持2小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰2份,并在回流状态下保持3小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰。
制备导热聚合物层的制备方法,按重量份计,将改性聚丙烯酸树脂90份、导热填料(二氧化钛)25份、增塑剂(丙二醇)3份、交联剂(乙醛)2份、胺类有机成核剂3份、增容剂(乙烯丙烯酸共聚物)5份、润滑剂(硬脂酸)5份、表面活性剂(脱水山梨糖醇酯)3份和固化剂(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)13份混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为35,挤出机的转速为300转/分,挤出温度为260~300℃,导热聚合物层的厚度约为20μm。
再采用聚氨酯脱水将PET薄膜、导热聚合物层、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜依次粘接,胶水层厚度约15μm,升温至70℃固化2h即可。
对照例1
与实施例3的区别在于:改性聚丙烯酸树脂的制备中未通过2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)改性。
采用150μm厚的PET薄膜作为基材,采用20μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜作为耐候聚合物层。
制备改性聚烯聚丙烯酸树脂:
按重量份计,将苯乙烯15份、丙烯酸25份、一甲基三乙氧基硅烷5份、醋酸乙烯酯6份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯8份、引发剂2份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂60份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持15分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持2小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰2份,并在回流状态下保持3小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰。
制备导热聚合物层的制备方法,按重量份计,将改性聚丙烯酸树脂90份、导热填料(二氧化钛)25份、增塑剂(丙二醇)3份、交联剂(乙醛)2份、胺类有机成核剂3份、增容剂(乙烯丙烯酸共聚物)5份、润滑剂(硬脂酸)5份、表面活性剂(脱水山梨糖醇酯)3份和固化剂(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)13份混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为35,挤出机的转速为300转/分,挤出温度为260~300℃,导热聚合物层的厚度约为20μm。
再采用聚氨酯脱水将PET薄膜、导热聚合物层、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜依次粘接,胶水层厚度约15μm,升温至70℃固化2h即可。
对照例2
与实施例3的区别在于:改性聚丙烯酸树脂的制备中未通过醋酸乙烯酯改性。
采用150μm厚的PET薄膜作为基材,采用20μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜作为耐候聚合物层。
制备改性聚烯聚丙烯酸树脂:
按重量份计,将苯乙烯15份、丙烯酸25份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)5份、一甲基三乙氧基硅烷5份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯8份、引发剂2份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂60份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持15分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持2小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰2份,并在回流状态下保持3小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰。
制备导热聚合物层的制备方法,按重量份计,将改性聚丙烯酸树脂90份、导热填料(二氧化钛)25份、增塑剂(丙二醇)3份、交联剂(乙醛)2份、胺类有机成核剂3份、增容剂(乙烯丙烯酸共聚物)5份、润滑剂(硬脂酸)5份、表面活性剂(脱水山梨糖醇酯)3份和固化剂(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)13份混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为35,挤出机的转速为300转/分,挤出温度为260~300℃,导热聚合物层的厚度约为20μm。
再采用聚氨酯脱水将PET薄膜、导热聚合物层、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜依次粘接,胶水层厚度约15μm,升温至70℃固化2h即可。
将本发明实施例和对照例制得的太阳能电池背板的太阳能电池背板膜进行耐候性、水汽透过率和导热聚合物层与耐候层之间的粘结强度进行测试,同时采用从市场上购买的TPT(含氟膜+PET膜+含氟膜)结构的太阳能电池背板膜作为对照。其中,导热聚合物层与耐候层之间的粘结强度的测试方法按照ASTMD1876标准进行测试,耐候性是在温度为100℃、湿度为90%的条件下保温1200h进行测试,观察有无发黄现象,水汽透过率是在35℃、湿度为90%的条件下进行测试。测试结果如下所示。
从上表可以看出,本发明提供的太阳能电池背板具有强度高、耐候性好的优点,实施例3在制备改性聚丙烯酸树脂时通过AMPS改性可以有效地提高材料的导热系数,另外通过醋酸乙烯酯改性,可以降低背板的水汽透过性。
Claims (10)
1.一种散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,包括有依次排列的基层、导热聚合物层以及耐候聚合物层,各层之间通过胶粘剂相互连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述的基层的材料是PET膜;所述的导热聚合物层是指改性聚丙烯酸树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述的导热聚合物层包括有按重量份计的改性聚丙烯酸树脂80~100份、导热填料20~30份、增塑剂2~4份、交联剂1~3份、成核剂2~4份、增容剂3~7份、润滑剂3~6份、表面活性剂2~5份和固化剂10~15份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述的成核剂选自酰胺类有机成核剂、酰肼类有机成核剂、稀土类成核剂中的一种;所述润滑剂选自硬脂酸或液体石蜡;所述的增塑剂可以是乙二醇、丙二醇、山梨醇或者甘油中的一种或者几种;所述的交联剂可以是甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、多聚乙醛或者环氧氯丙烷中的一种或者几种;所述的增容剂是乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸乙酯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述的耐候层的材料是聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜、聚乙烯-四氟乙烯(ETFE)膜、聚氟乙烯(PVF)膜中的任意一种,或者由聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树脂、聚氟乙烯(PVF)树脂、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)树脂、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物(THV)树脂、氟乙烯(四氟乙烯或三氟氯乙烯)和乙烯基醚共聚物(FEVE)树脂中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述的胶粘剂选自聚氨酯胶粘剂或者丙烯酸胶粘剂。
7.权利要求1~6任一所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将基层、导热聚合物层和耐候聚合物层相互通过胶粘剂进行粘接。
8.根据权利要求3所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的改性聚丙烯酸树脂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:按重量份计,将苯乙烯10~20份、丙烯酸20~32份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)3~8份、有机硅单体3~6份、醋酸乙烯酯5~9份、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯6~12份、引发剂1~3份混合均匀,得到单体混合物;把有机溶剂50~70份投入反应釜,升温回流并保持10~20分钟;滴加单体混合物,滴加完毕后,在回流状态下保持1.5~2.5小时;再在反应釜中加入引发剂1~3份,并在回流状态下保持2~4小时,放冷,过滤后,将固态物烘干即可;引发剂是过氧化二苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁氰;所述的有机硅单体为一甲基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、一苯基三乙氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种的混合物。
9.根据权利要求3所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各个成分混合均匀,经挤出机进行熔融共混挤出、牵引、造粒,注塑成型;所述的挤出机选自同向双螺杆挤出机,双螺杆挤出机的长径比至少为32~40,挤出机的转速为180~400转/分,挤出温度为260~300℃。
10.包含有权利要求1~6任一所述的散热性能好的太阳能电池背板的太阳能电池。
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