CN107988999B - Hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107988999B CN107988999B CN201711092382.5A CN201711092382A CN107988999B CN 107988999 B CN107988999 B CN 107988999B CN 201711092382 A CN201711092382 A CN 201711092382A CN 107988999 B CN107988999 B CN 107988999B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/123—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of stone, concrete or similar stony material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wetland ecological treatment system of a hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt and a construction method thereof, wherein the system comprises a lifting guide device, the lifting guide device is fixedly arranged on a side slope, a vegetation planting carrier for planting plants is arranged on the lifting guide device in a sliding fit manner, an energy dissipation device for dissipating energy is connected to the side end face of the vegetation planting carrier, and the vegetation planting carrier and the energy dissipation device float on the water surface. Solves the difficult problem that the ecological system is very fragile and the river ecology is difficult to restore due to the periodical change of the water level of the existing hydro-fluctuation belt wetland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to an ecological management system for a hydro-fluctuation belt wetland of a lake, a reservoir, a river channel and the like and a construction method thereof.
Background
The water-saving type multifunctional water-saving device has a reservoir capacity of 10 ten thousand cubic meters and more than 98002 reservoirs in China, and a total reservoir capacity of 9323.12 hundred million cubic meters, and plays various roles in regulating river runoff, preventing flood, supplying water, irrigating, generating electricity, shipping, travelling and the like. When the reservoir is in operation, the surrounding land is periodically submerged and exposed between the highest water level and the lowest water level due to seasonal fluctuation of the water level in the reservoir area to form a water-land staggered control area. For example, the elevation difference of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the three gorges reservoir area in China reaches 30 m (the elevation is 145-175 m), and the area is 344.2 square kilometers. This rhythmic water level change necessarily has a profound effect on the topography, vegetation, soil and other biological elements surrounding the three gorges reservoir.
The wetland of the hydro-fluctuation belt refers to a very fragile area of an ecological system formed by periodical fluctuation of water level, is a staggered area of the water and land ecological system, is subjected to long-term water turbidity and wave washing, especially the washing of a ship surge, soil and natural vegetation once growing on the soil are stripped, weathered bedrock is exposed and degenerated into a separation belt of the water and land ecological system, has double influences on the water and land ecological system, particularly has more prominent influence on the water ecological system, and is a bottleneck and key of river ecological restoration, so that the research on the reinforced to the subsidence area is an important guarantee for improving the water quality of rivers or lakes.
Domestic scholars research on the ecological system of the newly-born and fragile hydro-fluctuation belt wetland, start late, but develop rapidly in recent years, and have developed some researches on plant, soil, environmental problems, ecological restoration and the like, but the researches are mostly theoretical researches, and no effective solution is provided. The submerged plants with large area can cut waves and inhibit the sediment from being resuspended to improve the transparency, but when the area is not large enough, the submerged vegetation can be damaged and degenerated by the actions of lifting the plants, disturbing the sediment, lowering the transparency and the like caused by the large waves. Thus, in rough sea conditions, the locally repaired submerged plants may be damaged by the rough sea to rapidly degrade and even ecdysis the restored ecosystem. Because of the limitation of manpower and material resources, the ecological system of the coastal zone of the large lake can be restored in practice, the ecological system can be pushed away gradually, and the area can be enlarged gradually. The common methods of stone block slope protection, embankment piling wave prevention and the like are high in cost, and ecological restoration cannot be promoted. It also fails to address the goal of gradually expanding the area of the protected wave. The difficulty of overcoming the wave cutting becomes a key technical point of repairing the coastal zone of the large water surface.
Conventional engineering is used for preventing and cutting waves, such as cement block stones, building dykes and dams, and other rigid measures. In the area with large water level lifting amplitude, a corresponding section of a bank slope and pile height need to be constructed. The longer the rigid pile, the higher the required strength and depth of penetration into the substrate slurry and the higher the required hardness of the substrate slurry. The greater the construction cost. The scope of protection of the rigid piles cannot be varied with the requirement of expanding the scope. However, the repair scope of the actual water ecological system is required to be gradually expanded. Under the condition that extra large waves possibly occur in lakes and reservoirs, the fixed pile/dam type rigid wave-resistant wave-cutting engineering with larger safety guarantee is high in cost, and the repairing cost after the engineering is possibly damaged is also high. Such rigid engineering has poor effect of improving water quality.
Some scholars put forward a river and lake hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration scheme, such as application number: 201210427602.6A three-stage ecological treatment method for river and lake side slopes based on ecological bags is characterized by comprising the steps of dividing underwater slope protection, hydro-fluctuation belt slope protection and bank protection slope protection into three slope sections, and carrying out ecological restoration of the underwater slope protection section, the hydro-fluctuation belt slope protection section and the bank protection slope protection section aiming at different slope sections. The ecological environment of the river, lake, water and land isolation belt can be effectively repaired, but the first point of the claims of the scheme provides that interception or cofferdam is carried out before construction, and the step (1.2) of establishing a water foundation comprises the steps of grooving on the root river and lake bed of the underwater revetment, paving a broken stone cushion layer at the bottom of the groove, and throwing a reinforced gabion net. The construction period is long, the cost is high, and the feasibility is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological treatment system and a construction method thereof, which solve the problems that the ecological system is very fragile and the river ecology is difficult to repair due to the periodical change of the water level of the existing hydro-fluctuation belt wetland.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: the utility model provides a hydrodynamic force is from lift hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system, it includes lift guiding device, lift guiding device fixed mounting is on the side slope, and the vegetation carrier that is used for planting the plant is installed to sliding fit on lift guiding device, is connected with the energy dissipation device that is used for the energy dissipation at the side terminal surface of vegetation carrier, vegetation carrier and energy dissipation device all float in the surface of water.
The lifting guide device comprises fixed anchor rods, wherein the fixed anchor rods are anchored on a side slope, guide rods are fixedly arranged between the fixed anchor rods, sliding sleeves are arranged on the guide rods in a sliding fit mode, connecting pieces are fixed on the sliding sleeves, and the tail ends of the connecting pieces are connected with vegetation planting carriers.
The vegetation planting carrier comprises a buoyancy frame, a floating body is arranged at the bottom of the buoyancy frame, a steel wire mesh is arranged at the top of the buoyancy frame, a plant growth substrate carrier is arranged on the steel wire mesh, and a plant growth substrate is arranged on the growth substrate carrier.
The buoyancy frame is formed by connecting hollow pipelines, the hollow pipelines are formed by connecting PVC elbow connectors, the hollow pipelines are formed by PVC plastic pipes, and two ends of the PVC plastic pipes are sealed;
the floating body is made of medium density polyethylene, the outer shell is made of polyethylene, and polyurethane foam is filled in the floating body.
The plant growth substrate carrier adopts an ecological bag, and small holes for vegetation growth are formed on the upper side of the ecological bag; the ecological bag is made of polypropylene material.
The plant growth matrix adopts the following mixture ratio: sandy loam: straw powder: slag is 5:3: 1: 1, and the biological fertilizer adopts the biological fertilizer containing active bacteria.
The energy dissipation device adopts a grating plate, the grating plate is of a three-layer structure, each layer of horizontal plate is formed by assembling a plurality of precast slabs, gaps with certain width exist between the precast slabs, the grating plate is made of wood, asphalt is coated on the surface of the grating plate, and the energy dissipation device is connected with a buoyancy frame of a vegetation planting carrier through a flexible connecting piece.
The guide rod adopts galvanized steel bar, and the guide rod is fixed in the top of fixed stock by the bolt, the guide rod is arranged along the slope.
The steel wire mesh adopts hot galvanizing steel wire mesh, the wire diameter is 0.9+/-0.04 mm, the mesh size is 12.7X12.7 and mm, and the steel wire mesh is of a two-layer structure and is used for fixing a plant growth substrate carrier.
The construction method of the hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological treatment system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step1: preparing a buoyancy frame formed by hollow pipelines, and installing a floating body at the bottom of the buoyancy frame;
step2: preparing a plant growth matrix, and placing the plant growth matrix into a plant growth carrier;
step3: wrapping the buoyancy frame and the vegetation planting carrier up and down by using a steel wire net, and fixing the buoyancy frame and the vegetation planting carrier by using ropes;
step4: preparing an energy dissipation device formed by three layers of grating plates, and connecting the energy dissipation device with the buoyancy frame through a flexible connecting piece;
step5: preparing a fixed anchor rod and a guide rod, wherein the fixed anchor rod is arranged on a construction slope, and the guide rod is arranged on the fixed anchor rod;
step6: planting aquatic vegetation on a vegetation growing matrix, placing a floating island monomer formed by a vegetation planting carrier and an energy dissipation device in a water body, and planting the aquatic vegetation on the floating island monomer; and the guide rod is connected with the guide rod in a sliding way through the sliding sleeve.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device is integrally flexible and connected, the density of the device is less than that of water, the device can be clung to a side slope or float on the water surface, the device is fixedly anchored at the upper end of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and the scheme can achieve the multiple purposes of wave prevention and energy dissipation of the hydro-fluctuation belt wetland, ecological system restoration and river bank landscape optimization.
2. Through adopting foretell lift guiding device can guarantee that vegetation planting carrier and energy dissipation device can float in the surface of water all the time, and then form the servo system, its height of self-adaptation regulation, and then play fine guard action to the wetland side slope.
3. The vegetation planting carrier can form a whole duckweed structure, is positioned at the edge of a wetland slope, plays a good greening role, and solves the problems that the existing hydro-fluctuation belt wetland is very fragile in ecosystem and difficult to restore river ecology due to periodical change of water level.
4. The plant growth substrate and the plant growth substrate carrier can be used for planting plants, thereby playing a good role in protection and greening.
5. The energy dissipation device connected with the side surface of the vegetation planting carrier can play a role in energy dissipation, and damage to the wetland side slope caused by waves is prevented.
6. The ecological management system is built on the background, has short construction period and high reliability, and can be widely popularized and used.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the vegetation planting carrier and energy dissipating device of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the final effect of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 side slope, 2 fixed anchor rods, 3 guide rods, 4 side slope vegetation, 5 sliding sleeves, 6 connecting pieces, 7 steel wire meshes, 8 grid plates, 9 buoyancy frames, 10 flexible connecting pieces, 11 plant growth matrixes and 12 plant growth matrix carriers.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the ecological treatment system of the hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt wetland comprises a lifting guide device, wherein the lifting guide device is fixedly arranged on a side slope 1, a vegetation planting carrier for planting plants is arranged on the lifting guide device in a sliding fit manner, an energy dissipation device for dissipating energy is connected to the side end face of the vegetation planting carrier, and the vegetation planting carrier and the energy dissipation device are both floated on the water surface. Aiming at the problems of the traditional wetland slope nursing, the ecological management system can solve the problems caused by the traditional methods of embankment piling, wave prevention and the like on the wetland management of the hydro-fluctuation belt, solves the problems that the cost is high, ecological restoration cannot be promoted, and the like, avoids the traditional aim of gradually expanding the area of protection waves, and solves the technical difficulty that the difficulty of wave cutting is vital for repairing the coastal zone of the large water surface.
Further, the lifting guide device comprises fixed anchor rods 2, the fixed anchor rods 2 are anchored on the side slope 1, guide rods 3 are fixedly installed between the fixed anchor rods 2, sliding sleeves 5 are installed on the guide rods 3 in a sliding fit mode, connecting pieces 6 are fixed on the sliding sleeves 5, and vegetation planting carriers are connected to the tail ends of the connecting pieces 6. Through adopting lift guiding device, can guarantee that vegetation carrier and the energy dissipation device who is connected with it can rise and descend along the water surface and float, and then guaranteed that it is contact with the wetland side slope of hydro-fluctuation belt all the time, and then protect it, avoided the defect that traditional rigid pile protection range can not follow the requirement to enlarge the scope and change, strengthened its adaptability.
Further, the vegetation planting carrier comprises a buoyancy frame 9, a floating body is arranged at the bottom of the buoyancy frame 9, a steel wire mesh 7 is arranged at the top of the buoyancy frame 9, a plant growth substrate carrier 12 is arranged on the steel wire mesh 7, and a plant growth substrate 11 is arranged on the growth substrate carrier 12. By adopting the buoyancy frame 9 to provide a carrier for plant growth, the floating of the plant is ensured all the time with the water surface.
Furthermore, the buoyancy frame 9 is formed by connecting hollow pipes, the hollow pipes are formed by connecting PVC elbow connectors, the hollow pipes are formed by PVC plastic pipes, and two ends of the PVC plastic pipes are sealed; the hollow pipeline is adopted to enable the water to float on the water surface.
Further, the floating body is made of medium density polyethylene, the outer shell is made of polyethylene, and polyurethane foam is filled in the floating body. Buoyancy can be provided by the buoyancy body through the vegetation planting carrier.
Furthermore, the plant growth substrate carrier 12 adopts an ecological bag, and small holes for vegetation growth are formed on the upper side of the ecological bag; the ecological bag is made of polypropylene material. Has the functions of acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, freeze thawing resistance and the like.
Further, the plant growth substrate 11 adopts the following mixture ratio: sandy loam: straw powder: slag is 5:3: 1: 1, and the biological fertilizer adopts the biological fertilizer containing active bacteria. The adoption of the proportion has good planting effect.
Further, the energy dissipation device adopts the grating plate 8, the grating plate 8 is three-layer structure, and every layer of horizontal plate is assembled by a plurality of prefabricated plates, exists the space of certain width between the prefabricated plates, and the grating plate material is timber, and the grating plate surface coating has pitch, and the energy dissipation device passes through flexible connection 10 and is connected with the buoyancy frame of vegetation planting carrier. By adopting the floating energy dissipation device, the purpose of eliminating waves can be achieved, and the damage of the waves to the wetland of the falling zone is avoided.
Further, galvanized steel bars are adopted for the guide rods 3, the guide rods 3 are fixed to the tops of the fixed anchor rods 2 through bolts, and the guide rods 3 are obliquely arranged along the side slope. The energy dissipation device and the vegetation planting carrier can be ensured to float on the water surface all the time through the guide rod 3, and a good protection effect is achieved on the vegetation planting carrier.
Further, the steel wire mesh adopts hot galvanizing steel wire mesh, the wire diameter is 0.9+/-0.04 mm, the mesh size is 12.7 multiplied by 12.7 mm, and the steel wire mesh is of a two-layer structure and is used for fixing a plant growth substrate carrier.
Example 2:
the construction method of the hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological treatment system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step1: preparing a buoyancy frame 9 formed by hollow pipelines, and installing a floating body on the bottom of the buoyancy frame 9;
step2: preparing a plant growth substrate 11, and placing the plant growth substrate 11 into a plant growing carrier 12;
step3: the buoyancy frame 9 and the vegetation planting carrier 12 are wrapped up and down by a steel wire mesh 7 and fixed by ropes;
step4: preparing an energy dissipation device formed by three layers of grating plates, and connecting the energy dissipation device with the buoyancy frame 9 through a flexible connecting piece 10;
step5: preparing a fixed anchor rod 2 and a guide rod 3, wherein the fixed anchor rod 2 is arranged on a construction slope, and the guide rod 3 is arranged on the fixed anchor rod 2;
step6: planting aquatic vegetation on a vegetation growing matrix 11, placing a floating island monomer formed by a vegetation planting carrier and an energy dissipation device in a water body, and planting the aquatic vegetation on the floating island monomer; and slidingly connects the guide rod 3 with the guide rod through a sliding sleeve 5.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention, not to limit it, and any modifications and variations made thereto are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A hydrodynamic self-lifting hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system is characterized in that: the device comprises a lifting guide device, wherein the lifting guide device is fixedly arranged on a side slope (1), a vegetation planting carrier for planting plants is arranged on the lifting guide device in a sliding fit manner, an energy dissipation device for dissipating energy is connected to the side end surface of the vegetation planting carrier, and the vegetation planting carrier and the energy dissipation device float on the water surface;
the lifting guide device comprises fixed anchor rods (2), wherein the fixed anchor rods (2) are anchored on a side slope (1), guide rods (3) are fixedly arranged between the fixed anchor rods (2), sliding sleeves (5) are arranged on the guide rods (3) in a sliding fit manner, connecting pieces (6) are fixed on the sliding sleeves (5), and vegetation planting carriers are connected to the tail ends of the connecting pieces (6);
the vegetation planting carrier comprises a buoyancy frame (9), wherein a floating body is arranged at the bottom of the buoyancy frame (9), a steel wire mesh (7) is arranged at the top of the buoyancy frame (9), a plant growth substrate carrier (12) is arranged on the steel wire mesh (7), and a plant growth substrate (11) is arranged on the growth substrate carrier (12);
the buoyancy frame (9) is formed by connecting hollow pipelines, the hollow pipelines are formed by connecting PVC elbow connectors, the hollow pipelines are formed by PVC plastic pipes, and two ends of the PVC plastic pipes are sealed;
the floating body is made of medium density polyethylene, the outer shell is made of polyethylene, and polyurethane foam is filled in the floating body;
the plant growth substrate carrier (12) adopts an ecological bag, and small holes for vegetation growth are formed on the upper side of the ecological bag; the ecological bag is made of polypropylene material.
2. A hydrodynamic self-elevating hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system according to claim 1, wherein: the plant growth substrate (11) adopts the following mixture ratio: sandy loam: straw powder: slag is 5:3: 1: 1, and the biological fertilizer adopts the biological fertilizer containing active bacteria.
3. A hydrodynamic self-elevating hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system according to claim 1, wherein: the energy dissipation device adopts a grating plate (8), the grating plate (8) is of a three-layer structure, each layer of horizontal plate is formed by assembling a plurality of precast slabs, gaps with certain width exist between the precast slabs, the grating plate is made of wood, asphalt is coated on the surface of the grating plate, and the energy dissipation device is connected with a buoyancy frame of a vegetation planting carrier through a flexible connecting piece (10).
4. A hydrodynamic self-elevating hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system according to claim 1, wherein: the guide rod (3) adopts galvanized steel bars, the guide rod (3) is fixed on the top of the fixed anchor rod (2) by bolts, and the guide rod (3) is obliquely arranged along a side slope.
5. A hydrodynamic self-elevating hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system according to claim 1, wherein: the steel wire mesh adopts hot galvanizing steel wire mesh, the wire diameter is 0.9+/-0.04 mm, the mesh size is 12.7X12.7 and mm, and the steel wire mesh is of a two-layer structure and is used for fixing a plant growth substrate carrier.
6. A construction method of a hydrodynamic self-elevating hydro-fluctuation belt wetland ecological management system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step1: preparing a buoyancy frame (9) formed by hollow pipelines, and installing a floating body on the bottom of the buoyancy frame (9);
step2: preparing a plant growth matrix (11), and placing the plant growth matrix (11) into a plant growing carrier (12);
step3: the buoyancy frame (9) and the vegetation planting carrier (12) are wrapped up and down by a steel wire mesh (7) and fixed by ropes;
step4: preparing an energy dissipation device formed by three layers of grating plates, and connecting the energy dissipation device with a buoyancy frame (9) through a flexible connecting piece (10);
step5: preparing a fixed anchor rod (2) and a guide rod (3), wherein the fixed anchor rod (2) is arranged on a construction slope, and the guide rod (3) is arranged on the fixed anchor rod (2);
step6: planting aquatic vegetation on a vegetation growing matrix (11), placing a floating island monomer formed by a vegetation planting carrier and an energy dissipation device in a water body, and planting the aquatic vegetation on the floating island monomer; and the guide rod is connected with the guide rod (3) in a sliding way through a sliding sleeve (5).
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| CN108612048B (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2020-07-17 | 东阳市中傲建筑工程有限公司 | Hydraulic engineering slope net device |
| CN109024484A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 河海大学 | It is applicable in the movable ecological slope protection structure of the upright bank slope in river |
| CN112252269A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-22 | 北京中地华安地质勘查有限公司 | Slope protection method and slope protection device |
| CN113882331B (en) * | 2021-08-28 | 2022-10-18 | 黄河水利职业技术学院 | Wave-absorbing energy-absorbing protection framework capable of improving anti-seismic performance of concrete dam |
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